Ezinye iindidi zeCarcer

Types Cancer

I-Cancer ayisinye isifo, kodwa kunokuba iqokelele izifo ezingaphezu kwezi-200 ezahlukileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kunzima ukuthetha ngomhlaza ngaphandle kokuqonda uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza umntu oye wavelisa. Kukho iindlela eziliqela apho i-cancers ihlelwe khona. Ukuqonda indlela i-cancer ebizwa ngayo kwaye ihlelwe ngayo inokukunceda ukuba uqonde kakuhle ezinye zeemeko zangaphandle ezivakalayo xa uthetha ngezi ngxaki.

Uhlobo lweNtsholongwane

Ezinye zeendlela zokurhoxiswa komdlavuza zihlukaniswe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo ziquka:

• Ngohlobo lwesisele okanye iisisisi apho umhlaza waqala khona
• Ngumbutho okanye kwinkqubo yombutho apho umhlaza usuka khona

Amanqaku omhlaza angathunyelwa "njengomeleleyo" okanye i-cancer ehlobene negazi. Amanqwelana ahlobene negazi aquka i-leukemias, i-lymphomas, ne-myelomas, ngelixa i-cancer eqinile iquka zonke ezinye i-cancer. Ezinye iimpawu zokuhlukanisa izixubusho zixutyushwa ngezantsi.

• I-Myeloma Ngaba yiyona ndawo igugu yeCarcer Cancer

• Ngaba loo Nkunkuma yokuCoca i-Nail ingaba yiMelanoma?

I-Cancer Primary kunye neMetroastas

Ixesha elide lididekayo ekuxoxeni ngentsholongwane yomdlavuza lwenzeka xa umhlaza usasazeka (i- metastasizes ) kwenye indawo yomzimba. Xa umhlaza usasazeka, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlobo wesifo somhlaza okanye isigaba apho saqala khona, kungekhona kummandla womzimba apho usasazeka khona. Lo ngumhlaza oyintloko .

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umdlavuza webele usuqala kwibele kwaye kamva usasazeka kumpompo awuyi kuthiwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga. Endaweni yoko, yayiza kuthiwa "ngumdlavuza wokuqala webele weemastraphu kumaphaphu." Kulo mzekelo, umdlavuza webele uya kuba ngumhlaza oyintloko kwaye imiphunga yayiza kuba yindawo yesimetastasis.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana apho umhlaza waqala khona kodwa ufumana ubungqina bomhlaza apho usasazeka khona. Oku kubhekiselwa kuyo njengengundoqo engaziwayo okanye umhlaza wesimo esingaziwayo kunye ne-metastasis kwindawo apho umhlaza ufumene khona.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukugqiba ukuba i-tumor iyingozi (engeyomhlaza) okanye iyingozi (umdlavuza). Kukho ulwahlulo oluninzi phakathi kwezinto ezihlambalayo kunye nezidumbu ezibuhlungu , kodwa ulwahlulo oluphambili kukuba iimvumi ezibi ziyakwazi ukusasaza (imetastasize) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngokwenene oku kusasazeka ngumhlaza ngegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic ejongene nokufa kwabantu abaninzi abasuka kumhlaza. Ukwenza oku kudideke ngakumbi, izicubu zihlala ziqulethe umxube weeseli kuquka iiseli eziqhelekileyo, iiseli ezinqabileyo , kunye namaseli omhlaza.

Kukho iintlukwano ezininzi phakathi kweeseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli eziqhelekileyo ezixela ukuziphatha kweekhensi. Iiseli ze-Cancer azikho "izinto ezinamathelisi" ezibizwa ngokuba yi-molecules ezixhasayo ezithintela iiseli kwiqumrhu apho zingabakho.

Iiseli zomhlaza zihluleka ukulandela imithetho "yesiqhelo" yokukhula kweseli, ukuphindaphinda nokwahlula xa kungafanelekanga, kwaye ukuhluleka ukufa xa bekufuneka.

Umgaqo wesithupha (ngaphandle kwemvume) ukwazi ukuba i-tumor iyingozi okanye ihlaselayo isekelwe kwigama layo kukuba izicubu ezinzima ziquka igama lelo lithile leseli apho liqalise khona. Ngokomzekelo, i-tumor bone bone i-oste oma , kodwa i-tumor ebulalayo, i-osteo sarcoma . Ngokufanayo, i-angi oma ibhekisela kwi-tumor enesifo semithwalo yegazi, ngelixa i-angio sarcoma ibonisa umhlaza wegazi weetyhuse. Enye yezinto ezingenayo i-melanoma, eyisifo esinomhlaza weeseli ezibizwa ngokuthi i-melanocytes. Oku ngakumbi kule ilandelayo.

Iintsholongwane ngeSeli okanye Uhlobo lweTishu

Igama lamaninzi emdlavuza aphuma kuhlobo lweseli apho umdlavuza uqala khona. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zeeseli ezisisiseko kunokuba luncedo gqitha xa uye wafumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza. Ngokomzekelo, usenokuba utshelwe ukuba unomdlavuza wezintso, kodwa iisondo zentsholongwane zingakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwintsholongwane yezintso apho izi mbola ziqala khona.

Kukho iintlobo ezi-6 eziphambili zomhlaza esekelwe kwiselflu hlobo:

• ICarcinomas
• Sarcomas
• Myelomas
• Leukemias
• Lymphomas
• Iintlobo ezidibeneyo (kuquka iiblastomas)

ICarcinomas

I-Carcinomas yindlela eqhelekileyo yeseli yomhlaza, i-80% ukuya kwi-90 ekhulwini yamanomdlavuza. Ezi zithandana zivela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba ngama- epithelial cells . Iiseli ze-epithelial ziquka iiseli zesikhumba kunye nezo ziko zomzimba zomzimba kunye nezitho ezigubungelayo. I-Carcinomas ingaphinda iphulwe phantsi:

• I-Adenocarcinomas: I-Adenocarcinomas iqala kwiiseli ezinobumba ezivelisa amanzi, njengobisi lwebele.
• I-Squamous cell carcinomas: Imizekelo yeeseli ezinqamlekileyo ziquka ezo ziphezulu kwesikhumba, inxalenye ephezulu yesigxina kunye ne-airways, kunye nengxenye ephantsi yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nesini.
• I-Basal cell carcinomas: Iiseli ze-Basal zikhona nje kwesikhumba kwaye ziluhlu olujulile lweseli lesikhumba.
• I-cell cell cell carcinomas: Iiseli zenguqu ziseli ze-epithelial "zolule" kwaye zikhoyo kwi-vestile kunye nenye yeentso.

Ukongeza kwezi nxalenye zeeselithi ezithile, i-carcinomas ingabizwa ngokusekelwe kwindawo yawo.

• Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nezibonakaliso zeCcerney Cancer?

• Iimpawu kunye neMpawu zeCanscercer

Ngokomzekelo, i-carcinomas zebele ezisuka kumanqatha amancinci ziza kuthiwa yi-ductal carcinomas, kanti ezo zivela kwi-lobules zibhekwa njenge-lobular carcinomas.

I-Carcinomas yodwa uhlobo lwesifo somhlaza esinesigaba esingenasiphelo, kwaye ngoko ke yimihlaza kuphela yendlela yokuhlola iyenziwa rhoqo. Iintsholongwane ezise "ziqulethwe" kwaye azange zisasaze kwi-membrane yengaphansi zibizwa ngokuba yi- carcinoma in situ okanye i-CIN. I-Cancer ibonwe ngethuba lokuqala, isigaba sangaphambi kwe-invasive kufuneka, ngokuqinileyo, siphiliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokususwa.

Sarcomas

I-Sarcomas yile khansela yeethambo kunye nezicubu ezithambile zomzimba ezenziwe ngamaseli abizwa ngokuba ngamaseli e-mesenchymal . Ezi ziquka iisondo zamathambo, izihlunu (zombini isisipha kunye ne-muscle smooth), i-tendon, iigaments, i-cartilage, imithana yegazi, iimbulunga, ama-tissu ama-synovial (amathambo ahlangeneyo) kunye nama-tissue tissue. Imizekelo yamaratha iquka:

• I-Osteosarcoma (i-cancer ye-bone): I-Osteocytes iithambo zeethambo.
• I-Chondrosarcoma (i-cancer ye-cartilage): Iiteltilage zithiwa ngama-chondroblasts.
• I-Liposarcoma (i-fatty tissue cancers)
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma (i-squeletal muscle cancers)
• I-Leiomyosarcoma (i-cancer ye-muscle elula)
• I-Angiosarcoma (i-blood vessels)
• I-Mesothelioma (iintsholongwane ze-mesothelium, izicubu ezinxulumene nesifuba nesisu esiswini)
• I-Fibrosarcoma (iintsholongwane zethuthi ezinamafutha)
• I-Glioma kunye ne-astrocytoma (iiseli zezicubu ezinxibelelwano kwingqondo)

Myelomas

I-Myeloma, ebizwa ngokuba yi-myeloma eninzi, ngumhlaza wamaseli kwi-immune system eyaziwa ngokuba yiiseli ze-plasma. Iiseli zePlasma yileli iiseli ezenza isifo.

Leukemias

Ama-leukemi ayenomdlavuza weeseli zegazi, kwaye avela emnzini wethambo. Phakathi kwama-cancer ahlobene negazi, i-leukemi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-khancer liquids" ngokungafani ne-myelomas kunye ne-lymphomas. Ekubeni la ma-cancer aquka iiseli ezijikelezayo kumanzi wegazi, zihlala ziphathwa njengezinto ezinomdlavuza eziqinileyo eziye zasasaza Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• I-leukemias e-lymphocytic (ALL): Amagciwane egazi ezimhlophe aziwa njenge- lymphocytes .
• I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo
• I-leyemia ye-myelocytic (AML) eyiyo: Le yile khansela yamaseli avuthiweyo okanye ahlambulukileyo aziwa njenge-myelocytes, njenge- neutrophils .
• Umhlaza we-myelocytic leukemia (CML)

Lymphomas

I-lymphomas yimihlaza ephuma kumaseli omzimba womzimba. Ezi ngqomane zingase zivele kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwe-spleen, isisu okanye i-testicles. Ezi zidilizwe zingena:

• Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Iintlobo ezixubileyo

Akuqhelekanga ukuba umhlaza ube neempawu zolu hlobo lwangaphandle kweethambo. Iiseli ze-Cancer zihluke kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi, enye yazo ekubhekiswa kuyo njengokwahlukana. Ezinye iintsholongwane zingakhangela kakhulu njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo ezivela kuyo (ezi kuthiwa "izicubu ezahlukileyo kakhulu"), kanti abanye bangabonakali kangangoko kubo (ungabona igama elithi "ukungenzileki" kwingxelo yokugula). Ukongezelela oku, amaninzi amathumba "ayingcipheko." Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli enye inxalenye yesifo sinokubonakala ihluke kakhulu kwiiseli enye inxalenye yesifo. Ngokomzekelo, umhlaza womphunga unokuba neeseli ezibukeka njenge-adenocarcinoma kunye nabanye obonakala ngathi yi-squamous cell carcinoma. Oku kuya kuchazwa kwingxelo yezilwanyana njengento ene-"adenosquamous".

Uhlobo lwesifo somhlaza odlalwa ngamanye amaxesha yi-blastomas. Le ngxwaba ekhoyo kwiiseli zamamori-cell ezingakhange zikhethe indlela yokuba ziiseli ze-epithelial okanye iiseli ze-mesenchymal.

Iintsholongwane ngeeNkqubo zeeNkqubo ukusuka kwiNtloko ukuya kwizwane

Iintsholongwane zihlala zihlukaniswe ngamalungu okanye iinkqubo zesebe apho zivela khona. Udidi ngalolu hlobo, umhlaza othile uquka:

Inkqubo yeNgcacent Cancer

Inkqubo yomdlavuza enentlanzi iquka ezo zinto zivela kwizicubu zengqondo okanye intambo yomgogodla. Iintsholongwane ezazisasazeka kwingqondo aziqwalaselwe njengengqungquthela yengqondo, kodwa kunokuba i-brainast metastases, kwaye izihlandlo ezisixhenxe ziqhelekileyo ngaphezu kweengqungquthela zesifo sengqondo. Ngokungafani nezicubu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, iingqungquthela zobuchopho abaqhelekanga besasazeka ngaphandle kwengqondo. Iintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo kwingqondo ziquka umhlaza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele, kunye ne-melanoma. Ngokubanzi, iziganeko zomhlaza wengqondo sele zanda kwiminyaka yamuva.

• I-Gliomas neCroin Cancer

Iintloko zeKek Cancer

Intloko neentamo zomhlaza zithintela nayiphi na indawo yomxholo nentamo ukusuka kolwimi kuya kwiintambo zezwi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, la ma-cancer ayenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abanobabini abanxilisayo nababhemayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, i- papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) ibangele imbangela ebalulekileyo yale mdlavuza, kunye nabantu ababalelwa ku-10 000 abahlakulela intloko kunye neentambo zomhlaza ze-HPV e-United States kuphela. Amanqamzana anjalo anomdlavuza:

• Umhlaza womlomo : Phantse ama-85 ekhulwini kwentloko kunye neentamo ze-khancer are oral cancer. Ezi khansela zingabandakanya umlomo, ulwimi, iitoni, umhobho (i-pharynx), kunye neendlela zokuhamba.
• Umhlaza weLaryngeal : (umhlaza weentambo zamagama)

Cancer Cancer

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba umdlavuza wesifuba ngumhlaza osemagqabini, kodwa kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba amadoda afumana umdlavuza webele. Malunga ne-1 kwi-100 ye-cancer yamabele eyenziwa ngamadoda. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesifuba luyi-ductal carcinoma.

Ekubeni amaninzi eengxube zebele i-carcinomas, ngamanye amaxesha aya kufunyanwa ngaphambi kokuba ahlasele. Oku kubonwa ngokuthi "i-carcinoma in situ" okanye isigaba se-0 somhlaza wesibele. Izigaba zomhlaza zesifuba 1 ukuya kwi-4 ziyizigaba ezingenangxaki zesifo. Unokuva amagama alandelayo:

• I-Ductal carcinoma in situ yebele kunye ne- lobular carcinoma in situ : I- carcinoma in situ yinqanaba lokuqala apho umhlaza wesifuba unokufunyanwa kwaye uthathwa njengesigaba 0. Ezi khansela azikazanga zangena kwi-membrane yangaphantsi kwaye zibhekwa zingenayo. Zihlala zifunyanwe xa i-biopsy yenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwimimogram.
• Umhlaza wesibeleko (ongenayo ukungena ngaphakathi) (i-ductal kunye ne-lobular): Xa umhlaza wesifuba ungena kwi-membrane engaphantsi, kuthathwa njengongenayo. Kungenwasa ukuva ukuba unomhlaza "ongenayo", kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kwinqanaba 1 libizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesifuba "ongenasiphelo" esekelwe kwindlela yokubonakala kwe-tumor phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Umhlaza wesifuba esiswini : Umhlaza wesibeletho wokuvuvukala, ngokuchasene nezinye iisomhlaza zentsholongwane, akaqhelekanga njengentsimbi. Kunoko, izigaba zokuqala zesifo zibukeka njengobomvu nokugqithisa kwibele.
• Umhlaza wesifuba somntu : Kwakhona, umhlaza wesifuba uvela kumadoda. Xa kuyenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho inxalenye yezofuzo, kunye nembali yentsapho yomhlaza wesifuba kumadoda kwintsapho yakho kufuneka iqhube ingxoxo nodokotela wakho.

Cancer

> Jonga izigaba zomdlavuza wemiphunga.

Iintsholongwane zomphunga kunye nezibhubhu eziqhekezayo ziyiyona nto ibangela umdla wokufa komhlaza kumadoda nabasetyhini e-United States. Nangona ukutshaya kuyingozi yeso sifo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvela kubantu ababhemayo nabo. Enyanisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kula bantu ngabangesi sixhenxe esibangela ukuba ukufa komhlaza ku-United States. Umdlavuza womlenze unciphisa ngokubanzi, mhlawumbi unxulumene nokunciphisa ukutshaya, kodwa ukwanda kubantu abadala, ngokukodwa umncinci, ongatshitshisiyo. Isizathu asiqondakali ngeli xesha. Iintlobo onokuziva malunga:

• Umhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana esingekho encinci: Iintsholongwane zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana (onoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-85 zomdlavuza wamaphaphu) zibandakanya imiphunga ye-lung adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma yemiphunga, kunye nomdlavuza omkhulu wamangqamuzana.
• Umdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba: I-akhawunti encinci yomhlaza wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu angama-15 ekhulwini lamagciwane e-lunge kwaye inokwenzeka ukuba ivele kubantu abaye babhema.
• I-Mesothelioma : I-Mesothelioma ngumhlaza we-mesothelium yesigxina-indawo yokujikeleza imiphunga. Idibaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-asbestos.

Inkqubo yeCagestive Cancers

Iidumbu zamagciwane ezinobungozi zingenzeka nanini ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya kwi-anus. Uninzi lwala ma-khansa lungama-adenocarcinomas, kunye ne-squamous cell carcinomas ezivela kwindawo ephezulu kunye nengxenye enkulu ye-anus. Iintlobo ziquka:

• Umhlaza we-Esophageal : Indlela eqhelekileyo yesifo somhlaza isitshintshile kwiminyaka yamuva. Nangona isifo somhlaza wesisu se-squamous (esivame ukuxhamla nokutshaya nokusela) yakuba yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo, i-adenocarcinoma ye-esophageal (edla ngokuxhomekeke kwi-acluoc acid).
• Umhlaza wesisu : Umdlavuza wesisu awuqhelekanga eUnited States, kodwa luhlobo olufanayo lomhlaza emhlabeni jikelele.
• Umhlaza wePancreatic : Umhlaza wesi- Pancreatic awuqhelekanga kunamanye amachiza, kodwa ngowona wesine unobangela obangela ukufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza kumadoda nabasetyhini. Kuqheleke ukuba kuhlolwe rhoqo kwizigaba zesifo xa utyando lusekho.
• Umhlaza wesibindi: Umdlavuza wesiqhelo oqhelekileyo awuqhelekanga, unomdlavuza wesifo somhlaza kwisibindi. Imingcipheko yomdlavuza wesibindi iquka ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ezine-hepatitis B okanye uC.
• Umdlavuza weColon : Umdlavuza weColon udlalwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womhlaza kwaye uquka zombini i-cancer ye-rectum kunye nekoloni eliphezulu. Yiyona yesithathu imbangela ebangela ukuba ukufa komhlaza kubasetyhini nabasetyhini.
• Umhlaza wohlalutyo : Umhlaza womhlaza usuhluke kumdlavuza wekolon kokunye unyango kunye nezizathu. Usulelo lwe-HPV ngoku lubangela uninzi lweengqungquthela zomhlaza.

Iintsholongwane zeNkqubo yeGenitourinary

Inkqubo ye-genitourinary ibandakanya izintso, isisu, iibhubhu ezidibanisa iintso kunye nesibindi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ureters), kunye ne-urethra (ukuhamba ukusuka kwintlambo). Le nkqubo iquka nezakhiwo ezifana neprotate gland. Iintlobo ziquka:

• Umhlaza wesifo : Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zesifo somhlaza ziquka i-renal cell carcinoma (malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zamatyala), i-transitional cell carcinoma kunye ne-Wilms's tumor kubantwana.
• Umhlaza wesantya : Phantse kwisiqingatha se-cancer ye-bladder kubangelwa ukukhutshwa kwecuba. Abo basebenza ngetekisi (inkki) basengozini enkulu.
• Umhlaza wesifo seprotate : Iprostate yimbangela yesibini yomdlavuza wokufa emadodeni, kodwa ngoku unomlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu wokusinda iminyaka emihlanu.

ICatal Process System

Unomdlavuza wegulana lokuzala lunokuvela kumadoda nakwabesetyhini. Umhlaza we-Ovarian ngowesihlanu esona sizathu esivakalayo somdla wokufa komhlaza kubasetyhini, kwaye nangona unokuphulukiswa kwiindawo zokuqala, udla ukufunyanwa xa sele usasazeka. Iintlobo ziquka:

• Umhlaza wesantya
• Umhlaza we-Ovarian (kubandakanywa nezicubu ze-germ cells)
• Umhlaza wesibeletho (umdlavuza we-endometrial)
• Umhlaza womhlaza we-Fallopian
• Umhlaza wesibeleko

Cancer Cancer

Uninzi lwee-cancer ze-endocrine, ngaphandle kwe-cancer ye-thyroid, ayifumaneki. Inkqubo ye-endocrine yinkqutyana yeengqungquthela ezivelisa ama-hormone kwaye, njengokuba kunjalo, zinokuba neempawu zokugqithisa okanye ukuhlaziywa kwama-hormone. Udibaniso lwee-cancer ze-endocrine ezahlukeneyo lungasebenza kwiintsapho kwaye lubizwa ngokuba yi-MEN, emele i-neoplasia ye-endocrine.

• Umdlavuza we-Thyroid : Isiganeko somdlavuza we-thyroid sanda iUnited States ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umnye umhlaza. Ngombulelo, izinga lokusinda lala maninzi eekliniki liphezulu.

I-Bone neSoft Tissue Cancers

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, i-cancer iyakwenzeka emathanjeni kunye nezicubu ezincinci zomzimba ezifana nezihlunu, iigaments, izicubu ezinamafutha kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ngokuphambene nethambo lesisiseko kunye neesisombululo ezinomzimba eziqhelekileyo, eziqhelekanga, umhlaza ongumetastatic to bone. Umhlaza wesifo, nokuba ngumphambili okanye imetastatic, kaninzi iveza ngeempawu zentlungu okanye i- pathologic break- break that occurs in bone that is weakened by the presence of a tumor. Iintlobo ziquka:

• I-Osteosarcoma (iisondo zomhlaza)
• I-sarcoma yeCapasi : I-sarcoma yeCapsi isifo somhlaza esisithambileyo esibonakalayo kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS.
• I-sarcoma ye- Ewing: I-sarcoma ye-Ewing ngumhlaza wesifo ochaphazela kakhulu abantwana.

Amanqamana ahlobene negazi

Amanqwelana anxulumene negazi afaka zombini ezo zibandakanya iiseli zegazi kunye nezo zibandakanya izicubu ezinamandla zesistim somzimba, njengama-lymph nodes. Iimeko ezinobungozi zeengcingo ezinxulumene negazi zihluke kwezinye iindawo ezinobungozi obuqilileyo kwiindawo zokusingqongileyo kunye neentsholongwane (njenge-Epstein -Varr virus, eyenza i-mononucleosis) ithathe indima ebalulekileyo. Lawa awona maqhekeza aqhelekileyo kubantwana.

• IHodgkin's lymphoma
• I-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic epheleleyo (YONKE)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo
• I-leukemia (i-AML)
• I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelogenous (CML)
• Myeloma

Cancer

Iidumbu zeekliniki zihlala zihlukaniswe kumaqela aphambili: i-melanoma kunye ne-non-melanoma. Nangona i-non-melanoma yesikhumba se-kanseri ixhaphake kakhulu, i-melanomas yinto enoxanduva lokufa kwabantu abaninzi.

• IMelanoma
• I-squamous cell carcinoma yolusu
• Basal cell carcinoma

Ezinye iindlela ezithatyathwa ngazo iiKhansela

Ukongezelela ukwahlula i-cancer ngeentlobo zeeseli kunye nezitho, izidumbu zihlala zihlelwa ngezinye iindlela ngokunjalo.

• Ngokwebanga le-tumor: Ibanga lilinganiso yokutshatyalaliswa kwesisu. I-grade 1 isifo esinobudlova kwaye iiseli zinokufana ngokufanayo kufana neeseli eziqhelekileyo apho umhlaza waqala khona. Ibanga lesi-3, ngokuphambene, ngokuqhelekileyo ludla, kwaye iiseli zibukeka zihluke kakhulu kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo.
• Kwinqanaba le-tumor: Izibilini zihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezininzi zinikwa inombolo phakathi kwe-1 no-4, kunye ne-4 ibe yindawo ephezulu kakhulu yomhlaza.
• Umdlavuza ongenazo ifa nomdlavuza wesizalo : Ezinye iisomdlavuza zibhekiswa njengezidalwa zomsana. Ngokomzekelo, malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zeengcingo zebele zithunyelwa kuthiwa "ngumhlaza wesibeletho." Kukho ukugqithwa okukhulu, kwaye i- genetics idlala indima kumaninzi emdlavuza .
• Iiprofayili zeDNA / iimodeli: Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu ukuvelisa i-genetics kuphucula, izicubu zihlala zihlulwa njengeprogram yazo yezofuzo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye i-cancer yeemiphunga i-EGFR izitshintsho kunye nezinye zilungelelaniso lwe-ALK.

Uninzi lweeKhansela eziqhelekileyo

Thatha isikhashana ukuhlolisisa ezili - 10 ezinomdlavuza ezinomdla kumadoda kunye namanqaku angama- 10 abulalayo amaninzi kumabhinqa . Ukuqwashiswa kwempawu kunye neempawu eziphambili zezi zifo kubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba ubambe le ngqanda ngokukhawuleza. Qinisekisa ukuba uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nayiphi na ingozi enomdlavuza kunye nentsapho yakho yesigulo, kwaye uxoxe nayiphi na imvavanyo yokuhlola.

ICare Cancers

Kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ezithathwa njengento engaqhelekanga okanye ezingavumelekanga-ezinye zivela kubantu abambalwa kuphela ngonyaka. Ezi zinokuvela kwiintlobo ezinqabileyo zesifo somhlaza we-ovariya ukuya kumdlavuza wesikhumba ongaqhelekanga . Kungaba yedwa xa ufumanisa ukuba unalo mdlavuza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba uphando kwii-cancer eziqhelekileyo luvulela unyango kubantu abaneengqungquthela eziqhelekileyo.

Siyazi ukuba amava angenza umehluko kwimpilo yononophelo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unomdla ongaqhelekanga, kunokufanelekile ukucela umbono wesibini kwelinye leNational Cancer Institute-centers of cancer. Ezi zikhulu ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukuba ne-oncologists kubasebenzi abenza umdla othe ngqo kwizinto eziqhelekileyo-kodwa ezingekho ngaphantsi kwee-cancer.

Iimbangela, iiMpawu, kunye noTyango lweeNdidi ezahlukeneyo zeCarcer

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemingcipheko yomhlaza , kwaye ezinye zezi zizathu zibaluleke ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-asbestos kubonakala ngathi yinto ebangela ukuba ininzi yabantu abane-mesothelioma. Ngelixa unokwazi ukuba umdlavuza webele usenokuba yinxalenye yefa, oku kungenjalo nangamanye amaninzi emdlavuza. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphezu kwe-50 ekhulwini ye-melanomas ithathwa njengenomzimba.

Kwiininzi zamanomdlavuza, asinakho uvavanyo lokuhlola okungasetyenziselwa ukuwafumana kwizigaba zokuqala. Ngelo xesha, kucingelwa ukuba iidlers ziyanconywa kulezi zigaba zangaphambili. Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ukuqonda malunga nempawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni impilo yakho.

Unonophelo olululo kakhulu lomhlaza luxhomekeke kulona hlobo lomhlaza kunye nokuba luye lwaqhubeka kangakanani. Funda ngakumbi ngokuhlola icandelo elizinikezelekileyo: unyango lweCcercer .

ILizwi

Kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ngaphezu kwezo zikhankanyiweyo apha, kwaye, njengoko kuphawulwe, maxa wambi kudla ngokubalulekileyo. Ngokuqonda kwethu ukuveliswa kwemvelo, mhlawumbi ukuhlengahlengiswa kwamanomhlaza kuya kuphucula kakhulu kwiminyaka emininzi elandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba nangona uhlobo olufanayo kunye ne-subtype yomhlaza, kunzima ukwazi kakuhle indlela umntu oza kwenza ngayo unyango. Ukuba kukho abantu abangama-200 abanomdlavuza wesibeleko kwigumbi, babeza kuba neengqungquthela ezingama-200 zesifo somhlaza wesifuba esivela kumbono wee molecular.

Iingxelo malunga nomhlaza zingasabisa: omnye kumadoda amabini kunye omnye kwabafazi abathathu kulindeleke ukuba bahlakulele umdlavuza ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, kungabandakanywa nomhlaza wesikhumba. Nangona loo manani ayethusa, ukuzifundisa ngomhlaza kuphakamisa ithuba lokuba uya kufumana umhlaza kwimigangatho engaphambili yokuphilisa yesifo. Oko kwathiwa, nokuba umhlaza awuphilwanga, phantse ukhathatyathwa, kwaye kokubili unyango, kunye nokusinda, umhlaza sele uphucule kwiminyaka yamuva. Abantu abaninzi bahlala-kwaye banomdla-nomhlaza kunanini ngaphambili.

_Imithombo:

_{Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). Izibalo zemihlobo eyahlukeneyo yeCarcer. Ukuhlaziywa 06/16/16. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm}

_{ULouis, D., uPerry, A., Reifenberger, G. et al. Uhlobo lwe-World Health Organisation lwe-2016 lwe-Tumors ye-Central Central yeNervous System: Isishwankathelo. Acta Neuropathologica . 2016. 131 (6): 803-20.}

_{Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo. I-SEER Training Module. Ulwahlulo lomhlaza. 2016. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html}

_{Ingoma, Q., uMerajver, S., noJ. Li. Ukwahlulelwa komhlaza kwi-Genomic Era: Iingxaki ezintlanu zexesha lexesha. Human Genomics . 2015. 9:27.}

_{Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe lwezifo ze-oncology, u-3rd Edition (ICD-O-3). Updated 10/05/15. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/adaptations/oncology/en/}