Izonyango zengingqi kunye neenkqubo zonyango lomhlaza
Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza mhlawumbi ungeyikwesaba nje kodwa ukhathazekile. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza, kwaye ezininzi zazo zinamagama afana nolwimi lwangaphandle. Kunceda ukuqala ngokululaphula ezi zonyango phantsi kweentlobo ezimbini: zendawo kunye neenkqubo.
Ulwabiwo lweNdawo kunye neMicrotherapy Treaty
Zonke izifo zonyango zingabhidlizwa zibe zimbini iindlela.
Kwezinye i-cancer, enye yezo zinokusetyenziswa, kunye nabanye, bobabini baya kufuneka.
Iinkonzo zengingqi: Iinkqubo zonyango zendawo zenzelwe ukususa iiseli zomhlaza apho zivela khona. Umzekelo uya kuba wenza i- lumpectomy ukususa isilonda esiswini. Uphando luyonyango lwengingqi. Kukunceda ukususa umdlavuza oyintloko, mhlawumbi kunye nezilwanyana, kodwa awuyi kusebenza ukunyanga umdlavuza oye wasasazeka kwisibindi okanye kwenye indawo. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation luhlobo lonyango lwengingqi.
Iinkqubo zonyango: Iinkqubo zonyango zenzelwe ukunyanga iiseli zomhlaza apho zikhona khona emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba nayiphi iiseli zomhlaza zesifuba esivela ngasemdlalweni okhankanywe ngasentla uye wahamba kwenye indawo yomzimba, unyango lwe-systemic luya kufuneka ukuba ufikelele kulawo maseli. Ukunyangwa kwendlela yokuphathwa ngonyango kungaphatha umhlaza kwendawo kwezinye iimeko, nangona utyando luyindlela engcono yokususa isisu esisebenzayo kaninzi.
Iintlobo zonyango lwenkqubo ziquka:
- Chemotherapy
- Iimpawu zokwelapha ezijoliswe
- Immunotherapy
Ngomdlavuza oncinci kwaye awusasazekanga (mhlawumbi ngeendlela ezingabonwa kwi-imaging, okanye ukusabalala okungafani nakubonakabonakaliswayo) iindlela zokwelapha zendawo zinganelanga ukususa umhlaza. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesiza sawo sokuqala, okanye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeka, imithi yonyango iya kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zomhlaza-nokuba yintsholongwane yesifo somhlaza-zisusiwe.
Ukujongana Neendlela Zonyango
Xa sele ufumene unomdlavuza , ngokuqhelekileyo unogqirha we-oncologist oza kusebenza kunye nabanye oogqirha kwiqela lakho lokunyamekela umdlavuza, kwaye ulungelelanise unyango oya kuba nalo. Kukho ambalwa amaphuzu abalulekileyo okumele akhankanywe ngokukhawuleza.
Enye kukuba loo mayeza ashintsha. Izigulane kunye noogqirha ngoku basebenza ngokubambisana ekuquluneni isicwangciso sonyango esilungele uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza, ubungakanani kunye nokuba lude kangakanani, kwaye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nobudala bakho kunye nempilo jikelele. Kwimiba emininzi yeekliniki, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kwaye ukhetha ezi ziza kuxhomekeka kwizinto ozikhethayo kunye naziphi iziphumo ezizeleyo ozilungeleyo kunye / okanye ukukwazi ukunyamezela
Ukuthatha ixesha lokufumana umbono wesibini kunokuba luncedo kakhulu, kwaye abaninzi be-oncologists abagcini nje kuphela kodwa bayalindela ukuba izigulane ziya kufumana umbono wesibini . Nokuba ukuba uluvo lufana nolunye uluvo lwakho lokuqala, oku kunokukuqinisekisa ngakumbi umgca owakhethe indlela efanelekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba bafumane iingcamango ezingaphezulu kwiziko elibanzi leSizwe leCancer-izikhungo zomhlaza. Amagumbi anjengale maninzi amathuba okuba nodokotela ogqirha okanye i-oncologist ekhethekileyo uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza.
Izifundo zisitshela ukuba ukuthatha ixesha lokufunda malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho kubalulekile kungekhona nje ekuziphatheni ekulawuleni kodwa kuba kunokuphucula umphumo. Hlola ezi ngcebiso malunga nendlela yokufumana ulwazi olungumhlaza lomnatha kwi-intanethi .
Izindlela zoLonyango lweCarcer
Ukuqonda indlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha umhlaza, abanye abantu bakufumanisa kuncedo ukuqonda indlela amangqamuzana omhlaza ahluke ngayo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo , njengokuba unyango ludla "lujolise" kwezinye zezo ntlukwano. Siza kuqala ngezilwanyana zonyango size sixoxe ngemithi yokwelapha.
Ugqirha njengendlela yokukhetha
Ukuhlinzwa kungasetyenziselwa ukuthintela, ukunyanga, isigaba (misela ukuba umkhwa uqhubekile kangakanani), kwaye uhlolisise umhlaza.
Ngokubhekiselele kwonyango lomhlaza, utyando luvame ukuqhutyelwa ukususa izicubu okanye ubuninzi beethambo ezinomdla kunokwenzeka.
Ugqirha "unyango" lweengcambu ezininzi, ingakumbi abo babanjwe kusasa kuba kuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuphilisa eso sifo. Abanye abantu bakufumana kukudideka ukuba utyando alukwazi ukwenza kwimizimba ephezulu kakhulu. Ukuba i-tumor isasazekile, i-chemotherapy nezinye iindlela zokwelapha zisoloko zizinto ezikhethekileyo zokususa umhlaza wesifo ukuba utyando olungakwazi ukufikelela.
Ngamanye amaxesha utyando luhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation. Oku kufuthi kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
- I-neoadjuvant chemotherapy ibhekisela kwi-chemotherapy eyenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuba izame nokunciphisa ubukhulu besisu kwaye yenza lula ukuhlinzwa.
- I-chemotherapy ye-adjuvant ihlala iyenziwa emva kokuhlinzwa, kwaye yindlela yokukrazula amangqamuzana omhlaza ongasasazeka ngaphaya kwendawo yokuhlinzwa, kodwa akakwazi ukufunyanwa kwizifundo zokucinga.
Kukho ezinye iindlela apho utyando luhlanganiswe namanye amachiza, kodwa ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha ngala mazwi ngokubhekiselele kumhlaza wakho.
Utyando lweyeza
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla luyonyango lwengingqi. Kusebenza ukukrazula amangqamuzana omhlaza kwintsimi apho iqondiswa khona. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo zamandla ukuhlaziya izicubu okanye ukuphelisa amangqamuzana omhlaza, ngokulimaza i-DNA yesifo somhlaza ngoko kungakwazi ukuphindaphinda. Iiseli zomhlaza zithinteka kakhulu kwiimitha. Iiseli ezisekufuphi ezisekufutshane zingonakaliswa ngokunjalo, kodwa ngokubanzi zixhomekeke kwimiphumo yemisebe kunamaseli omhlaza.
Izaphulo zinokunikezwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuphulwa zibe yimisebe yangaphandle, elawula imitha kwi-tumor ephuma ngaphandle komzimba, okanye i-radiation yangaphakathi okanye i-brachytherapy, apho imbewu enokusasaza ifakwe emzimbeni.
Inqubekela phambili ebalulekileyo yenziwe kwipilisi ye-radiation ukuze amangqamuzana aphilileyo angonakaliswe phantse kwixesha elidlulileyo. Izindlela ezitsha zifumana iindlela zokwenza umlinganiselo omkhulu wemisebe kwi-tumor ukwenzela ukuba unyango lunokufezwa ngokutyelela okumbalwa.
Njengoko i- chemotherapy, i- radiation inganikwa yedwa, okanye idibene nokuhlinzwa okanye i-chemotherapy. Kwezinye iintsholongwane, iindlela zokusasaza ngokutsha zingasetyenziselwa endaweni yokuhlinzwa, ingakumbi kulabo abasebenzelana nabo bangabungozi. Izaphulo zingasetyenziselwa nje unyango olusisigxina, oko kukuthi, unyango ukunciphisa iimpawu zomhlaza, kodwa ngaphandle kwenjongo yokwelapha umdlavuza.
Chemotherapy
I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukuze kupheliswe iiseli zomhlaza. Ngokungafani nokuhlinzwa, i- chemotherapy ithinta wonke umzimba , kungekhona nje inxalenye ethile. Isebenza ngokujolisa kwiiseli ezanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngelishwa, ezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezidumbu zethu ziphindaphinda kwizinga eliphezulu, njengeentloko zeentloko zeentloko, iiseli kwintsipho yomongo wethu, kunye neeseli ezidibanisa isisu sethu. Yingakho i-chemo inokubangela iziphumo zecala ezifana nokulahleka kweenwele kunye nesisu esicasulayo.
I-Chemotherapy ixhaphazwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngepilisi okanye nge-intravenously (IV) kodwa inganikwa ngezinye iindlela. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-chemotherapy lungasetyenziselwa, kodwa i- chemotherapy edibeneyo isoloko imiselwe . Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kweyodwa kwi-chemotherapy ejoliswe ukuphazamisa isahlulo seseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumjikelezo.
Ngombulelo imiphumo emibi ye-chemotherapy ezifana ne-nasusea inokuphulukiswa kakhulu kunexesha elidlulileyo, kwaye abantu abaninzi banomfutho oncelisayo kunye nokuhlanza.
Iipilithi ezijoliswe
Iimpawu zokwelapha ezijoliswe kuyo lixesha elisetyenziselwa iziyobisi ezijolise kwimpawu ezithile zomhlaza. Kule minyaka elishumi edluleyo, sifunde ukuba yonke umdlavuza uhlukile, kwaye unesiprofayili ehlukeneyo. Ngokujolisa ezinye iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwezicuba ezivumela ukuba ziphumelele, ezi zonyango ziyakwazi ukunyanga umhlaza ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi njengokhemotherapy. Ezinye zezi zixhobo zonyango zijoliswe ekuthintela iimpawu ezibangele ukuba i-tumor ikhule, kanti abanye basebenza ngokunqumla igazi kwi-tumor, okwenza ukuba balambile. Le ndawo yonyango iyaqhubeka imihla ngemihla, kwaye izidakamizwa ezininzi ezitsha zivunyiwe ngokutsha, kwaye zivavanywa ngakumbi kwiimvavanyo zonyango.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuba ngubani oya kuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kule zonyango, i-oncologists ihlala iyenza iprofayile yomzimba (i-molecular profiling) kwi-tumor eye yahlaziywa.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iyinxalenye entsha enomdla wokunyanga komhlaza-enye enokuva ngayo malunga neendaba zakutshanje. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezi zi yobisi, kodwa ezininzi zazo zisebenza ngokulula ngokuzisebenzisa izixhobo zethu zokuzivikela ukuze imizimba yethu ikwazi ukulwa nomhlaza. La mayeza awasebenzi kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa xa ayenzayo angakhokelela ekulawuleni ixesha elide lomdla kwabanye abantu, nangenxa yeekliniki eziphambili.
Uvavanyo lweZliniki
Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, abantu abanomhlaza kufuneka baqwalasele ukhetho lwezilingo zamachiza. Ngelishwa, iinkolelo ezimalunga nokulingwa kweekliniki zivame ukuthusa abantu, kwaye bacinga ukuba inani elincinci labantu abafanelekile ukufumana ezi zilingo njengamanje kuthatha inxaxheba. Kungaba luncedo ukuqaphela ukuba zonke iziyobisi kunye nenkqubo esimele siyiphathe ngayo umdlavuza sele ifundwe kwilingo lonyango. Thatha isikhashana ufunde malunga nenjongo yezilingo zeekliniki kunye nokuba bangayi kunceda njani ukuba negalelo ekunopheni imithi yonyango kodwa ingaba neyona ndlela inokukhetha ngayo.
Ezinye unyango
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele xa uva "ngonyango wokumangalisa" kwi-intanethi. Ngelishwa, nabani na onokushicilela nayiphi na intanethi. Oko kwathiwa, xa ezinye iindlela zonyango ezongezelelweyo zisetyenziswa ngendlela edibeneyo-kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo ezixutyushwa-zinganceda abantu bajamelane neempawu zomhlaza ngokulula. Thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngezinye zezifo zonyango zomnxeba ezifana nokucamngca, ukusilalisa, ukuguqula umzimba kunye nokunye.
Ukukhetha ukonyango
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlale nodokotela wakho, khangela le mibuzo ucele ugqirha wakho ngomhlaza wakho kwaye wongeze iingcamango zakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo umdlavuza awufanele uphathwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uya kuba nexesha lokujonga ngokucophelela ukhetho lwakho kwaye ufumane umbono wesibini (okanye wesithathu okanye wesine). Asikwazi ukugxininisa ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukufunda indlela yokuba ngummeli wakho njengomguli wesigulane.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, xhoma kwithemba. Inkqubela phambili yenziwa nangona kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga i-cancer. Ukuba ngumntu wakho othandekayo oye wafunyaniswa, zilapha ezinye iingcamango malunga nendlela yokuxhasa umntu omthandayo ngomhlaza .
Umthombo:
National Cancer Institute. Unyango lomhlaza. Updated 04/29/15.