Unyango lomhlaza

Ingqwalasela yeCreatcer Treatment

Ziziphi iindlela zokonyango ezifumaneka kumhlaza, kwaye ezi ndlela zisebenza njani? Yintoni ekujoliswe kuyo yile ngonyango, kwaye isebenzise nini?

Ukukhetha iSicwangciso soPiliso lweCancer

Ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo usandululwazi ukuba unomdlavuza, usenokuba uzive uxhalabile kwaye ukhululekile. I-Cancer okanye "I-C" ingabangela ingqondo yokwesaba nokwesaba nakubantu abanesibindi. Intuthuko emininzi eyenziwe kunyango lomhlaza, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuvumela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyamekela.

Unokwenza njani ukhetho olulungele wena njengomntu?

Siyambulela ukuba akunakwenzeka kuphela ukwenza ezi zigqibo, kodwa abantu abanomdlavuza bathatha inxaxheba engakumbi kunanini ngaphambili ekukhetheni unyango lwabo. Ezi zigqibo ziya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanywa nobudala bakho, uhlobo oluthile kunye nesigaba somhlaza ongenawo, kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango ozimisele ukuyibekezelela.

• I-Bone-Modifying Drugs for Cancer With Bone Metastases

• Yintoni Oyenzayo Xa Umhlaza Wakho Unomdla Ubangela Ingxowankulu Kwi-Scalp Yakho

Ngokufanayo, yonke umdlavuza uhlukile kwiimodeli, kwaye unyango olusebenza kakuhle kumntu oyedwa onomdla othile ungasisebenzisanga omnye umntu onomdla ofanayo.

Makhe sijonge imithi yesifo somhlaza okwangoku ikhoyo, iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kunye nantoni na onokuzenza ukuze wenze izigqibo ezintle zokunyamekela kwakho.

Iingingqi kunye neZonyango zeCanceric Treatment

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngumhlaza, kodwa kunceda ukuphululela okokuqala kwiindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: unyango lwendawo kunye neenkqubo zonyango zomhlaza.

Iingonyango zengingqi - Iingonyango zendawo zithetha umhlaza apho zivela khona. Bobabini uphando kunye neyeza zonyango zibhekwa unyango lwendawo. Baphatha okanye basuse umhlaza wesiqhelo kodwa abakwazi ukunyanga iiseli zomhlaza ezingasasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Iinkqubo zokwelapha eziqhelekileyo ziquka abo baphatha iiseli zomhlaza apho zikhona khona emzimbeni. Izindlela ezibonelela "umgaqo-nkqubo" womhlaza zibandakanya i-chemotherapy, iipilisi ezijoliswe kuzo, imithi yokwelapha kunye ne-immunotherapy. Ukuba umhlaza uye wasasazeka okanye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeka, unyango lwe-systemic olunjengekhemotherapy lufuneka rhoqo ukuze ususe la maseli. Ekubeni iintsholongwane ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne-leukemia zithintela iiseli kwigazi-iiseli ezihamba kuzo zonke iinkqubo zonyango zonyango ziyindlela yokuqala yokonyango.

Iinjongo zonyango lomhlaza

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela iinjongo zomhlaza wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lomhlaza. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abanomdla kaninzi banokulindela ngokungafaniyo nawadokotela babo ngokubhekiselele kwimpumelelo eyahlukeneyo.

Iinjongo zingabandakanya:

• Ukunyanga umdlavuza - Injongo yokwelapha ezinye iisomdlavuza kukuphelisa umhlaza, ngoko sele iphela ngonaphakade. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokuba iiseli zomhlaza ezisuka kwiimvumi ezinamandla ngamanye amaxesha "zifihla" iminyaka okanye emashumi, ezinye iinjongo zivame ukucatshangelwa (nangona ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza uza kubuya umncinci.)
• Ukwandisa ubomi okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda - Uninzi lwemithi yomhlaza lunika ithuba lokunyusa ubude bokuba umntu angaphila nomhlaza, okanye aphile ekuxoxweni komdlavuza.
• Ulwaphulo lwe-adjuvant - Ulwaphulo lwe- Adjuvant yindlela yokonyango apho unyango (ngokuqhelekileyo lwe-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation) lisetyenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omhlaza esasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-micrometastases) kodwa akakwazi ukufunyanwa kwii-radiological studies. I-adjuvant therapy isetyenziswa rhoqo emva kokuhlinzwa ukuba kunciphise amathuba okuba umhlaza uza kubuya.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Neoadjuvant - Iingonyango ze-Neoadjuvant ziquka ezo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation) ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani besisu ukuze utyando lunokwenzeka.

• Unyango olusisigxina - Unonophelo lwama- palliative okanye "unyango oluxhasayo" lubhekisela kwindlela yokwelapha ejongana nayo yonke indawo yomntu: umzimba, ingqondo kunye nomoya. Ezi zonyango zenzelwe ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu abanomhlaza kodwa abayilwanga ukuba baphathe umhlaza ngokwawo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukunakekelwa ngentsholongwane kuyahluke kunokuba i-hospice. Ukunyamekela okuluncedo kungasetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi nakubantu abanomdlavuza onokuphiliswa.

Ingaba Can Can Cure With Treatment?

Ekuhloliseni iinjongo zonyango abantu banokuzibuza ukuba kutheni igama elithi "unyango" lingaqhelekanga lisetyenziselwa izicubu eziqinileyo nokuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha isifo somdlavuza sibuya. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi zokuba kutheni i-cancers ibuye ibuye , emva kwamashumi eminyaka. Oku kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza wakho uza kubuya emva kwonyango, kukho ncinane ithuba lokuba i-oncologist yakho isebenzise igama elithi "uphilise" ukuba unesisu esiqinileyo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, usenokwenzeka ukuva imiqathango enjengokuthi "ukuxolelwa okupheleleyo" kwaye "akukho bungqina besifo."

• Ngaba Isilwanyana Sakho Singaba Nxulumane Ngethuba Lonyango?

• Indlela iVithamini D engayenza ngayo umngcipheko weCcercer

Iintsholongwane ezinokuthi "zonyango" zonyango ziquka i-leukemias kunye ne-lymphomas, umdlavuza wokuqala we-ovarian, kunye nesisu esomeleleyo esithotyelwayo xa i-tumor isacingelwa i-carcinoma in situ. I-carcinoma in situ ibhekisela kumdlavuza ocacileyo owonakalisayo ( awunakwenziwa ngamaseli anqabileyo ) kodwa engenanga kwimbumba engaphansi. Ngamanye amazwi, akusiyo "umhlaza" onomdlavuza. Ubuninzi beekhansela, kwanawo asemagqabini, ndabonwa njengento engavumelekiyo yokuba bawela ngaphaya komgca wecala.

Uqwalaselo lweendlela zokuPhatha kweCercer kunye neenketho

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho umhlaza uphathwe khona. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngaphakathi kwezi zikhetho kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ezi zikhethiweyo ezahlukeneyo zinganconywa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni. Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo oluthile lwenyeza lonyango lungasetyenziswa njengonyango olukhuselayo ngelixa olunye uhlobo lwamayeza lungasetyenziselwa unyango olusisigxina, nokuba luhlobo olufanayo lomhlaza. Ngolunye lwale ndlela ziyakwandiswa ngezantsi. Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• utyando
• unyango lwamayeza
• chemotherapy
• zonyango
• zonyango
• immunotherapy
• iziqu zokufakelwa kweeseli
• zilingo ze kliniki
• olunye unyango lomhlaza

Ugqirha njengeCreatcer Treatment

Ngaphandle kwezimbalwa ezimbalwa, ezinjengeengcingo ezinxulumene negazi ezinjenge-leukemia, ukuhlinzwa kunika ithuba elihle lokunyanga umhlaza okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa ithuba lokuba liphinde libuye. Injongo yokuhlinzwa ingaba:

• Ukuxilonga umdlavuza - I-biopsy yokugada ingasusa inxalenye yesifo, okanye umhlaza ungasuswa ngokupheleleyo, ukwenzela ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo.
• Umhlaza wesigaba - Ukugxininisa umhlaza-ukuchonga indlela enkulu umhlaza kunye nendlela oye wasasazeka ngayo-kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni unyango olungcono kumhlaza. Zininzi izinto ezenza umkhondo womhlaza, kodwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani besisu emva kokuhlinzwa ngenye yezi zinto. Uphando lunokuthi lube lunye ukujonga ukusasazeka komhlaza ngenjongo yokwenza isiteji, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i- lymph node dissection kunye nomhlaza wesifuba okanye i- mediastinoscopy ngomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Ukunyanga umdlavuza - Xa isifo somdlavuza esomeleleyo sibanjwe ekuqaleni kwexesha, utyando lunokusetyenziswa kwisilingo sokunyanga umhlaza. Oku kunokulandelwa ngamanye unyango ezifana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation ukuze ufikelele nasiphi na amangqamuzana omhlaza angasuswanga ngexesha lotyando.
• I-Debulk i-tumor - Unokuzibuza ukuba kutheni ukuhlinzwa kungasetyenziswanga kaninzi kwiikhansela ezinkulu ezisasazekayo. Emva koko, akusiyo ingcamango efanelekileyo ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-tumor ngangokunokwenzeka? Ngama-tumors aphezulu kakhulu, njengomdlavuza webele wesigaba se-IV, unyango alucebisi, njengoko unyango olunjengekhemotherapy lusebenza ngakumbi. Kukho ukungabikho kwindlela "ukuxoxisana" okanye ukuhlinzwa ngetytoreduction kunokuba luncedo ngaphezu kweengozi. Ngokomzekelo, kunye neengcingo ze-ovarian, utyando lwe-debulking lunganciphisa inani le-tumor ngoku, ukuvumela i-chemotherapy ukuba isebenze ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba i-tumor inganyangeki kwezi zi yobisi.
• Umhlaza wePalliate - Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezizathu ezintle. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlinzwa kunokususa inxalenye yesisu esenza intlungu, ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphazamisa ezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni.
• Ukuthintela umdlavuza - Kwiingqungquthela ezineqonga elifanelekileyo okanye xa kucinga ukuba umntu unokuhlakulela umhlaza kwindawo yomzimba, utyando lwenziwa ukuba lususe ilungu ngaphambi komhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wokuvelisa umdlavuza wamabele bangakhetha ukuba banomdla wokukhusela.

Iingozi kunye Neempembelelo Zecandelo Lophando Lwemhlaza - Njengoko kunye nezinye unyango zomhlaza, ukuhlinzwa kunomngcipheko, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba le mngcipheko iphezulu kunokuba luncedo lwezo unyango. Le mngcipheko iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-tumor kunye nendawo, kodwa ingaquka ukuphuma kwegazi, ukusuleleka kunye neengxaki ze-anesthesia.

Iindlela zobugcisa ezikhethekileyo - Ukuqhubela phambili kwiindlela zobugcisa, ezifana nokukhethwa kwe-lumpectomy ngokumalunga ne-mastectomy yexesha elidlulileyo, kuvumela oogqirha ukuba basuse izicubu ngeengxaki ezimbalwa kunye nexesha lokuphucula ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha elilodwa lonyango lusetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo ezinika amandla afanayo ukususa isisu, kodwa kungonakaliswa kancinci kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo ukusetyenziswa kocwaningo lwe-thoracoscopic oluxhaswa ngevidiyo ukususa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokungafani ne-thoracotomies eyenziwa rhoqo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Utyando lweRbobhotic ngumnye umzekelo wendlela yokucoca ekhethekileyo engasetyenziswa. Zininzi ezinye iindlela zokucoca ezikhethekileyo. Utyando lwe-laser lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamagagasi omsakazo ophezulu ukuphatha umhlaza. Ukuchithwa kwee-electrosurgery kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-electron ephezulu, kwaye i-cryosurgery isebenzisa umthombo obandayo onjenge-nitrogen yamanzi ukutshabalalisa izicubu.

Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ibhekisela ekusetyenzisweni kweekhemikhali (imithi) ukulahla umzimba weeseli zomhlaza. Ezi ziyobisi zisebenza ngokuphazamisa ukuvelisa nokuphindaphinda kweeseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezinjengeeseli zomhlaza.

Ekubeni la mayeza ayenzelwe ukuphatha iiseli ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza , zona ziphumelele kakhulu ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza-okanye ezihlambalaza. Iifom zomhlaza ezazifudula zixhaphaza kwaye zibulawe ngokukhawuleza ngoku zilapha zonyango kwaye zingaphiliswa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-chemotherapy. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-chemotherapy ayisebenzisekanga kangako ukukhula kancinci, okanye "iindumbu".

Le ndlela yezenzo ikwaxela imiphumo eyaziwa kakhulu yechemotherapy. Zininzi iintlobo "eziqhelekileyo" zeeseli emzimbeni okhula ngokukhawuleza ngokunjalo, njengalezo zintlanzi zezinwele, umgudu wokugaya, kunye nomnatha wethambo. Ukususela ekuhlaseleni i-chemotherapy nayiphi na iiseli ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza, oku kubangelwa yimiphumo eyaziwa kakhulu yeenwele, ukukhwabanisa, kunye nokunciphisa umongo we-bone .

Injongo yekhemotherapy ingaba yile:

• Ukunyanga umdlavuza - Ngeengcingo ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne-leukemias kunye ne-lymphomas, i-chemotherapy ingasetyenziswa ngenjongo yokuphilisa umhlaza.
• I-chemotherapy ye-Adjuvant - I- chemotherapy ye- Adjuvant yi-chemotherapy eyenziwa emva kokuhlinzwa "ngenjongo yokuhlambulula" nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza elithe gqithwa ngaphaya komzimba kodwa ayengabonakali kwiimvavanyo esizibonayo. La maseli aphikisayo amancinci angabonakali adluliselwa kuwo njengamacrometastases. I-acrovant chemotherapy yenzelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda umhlaza.
• I-chemotherapy ye-Neoadjuvant - i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy inokunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze unciphise ubukhulu be-tumor. Ukuba i-tumor ayikwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yobukhulu bayo okanye indawo, i-chemotherapy kule nkqubo inganciphisa ubungakanani besisu esinalo ukwenzela ukuba utyando lunokwenzeka.
• Ukwandisa ubomi - I-Chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ubomi.
• I-chemotherapy ephucukisayo - I- chemotherapy ehambayo ibhekisela ekusebenziseni i-chemotherapy ukunciphisa iimpawu zomhlaza, kodwa ukuba ingaphilisi umhlaza okanye ikhulise ubomi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza e-chemotherapy, ahluke kuzo zombini iindlela zokusebenza kunye nenxalenye yomjikelezo weseli bayaphazamisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo izidakamizwa zethemotherapy zisetyenziswa ngokudibanisa-into ebizwa ngokuba yi- chemotherapy . Iiseli zomhlaza ngamnye zihlukeneyo kwiinkalo zokuvelisa nokuhlula. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kweyodwa kunceda ukunyanga amaseli esifo somhlaza kwinqanaba elithile kuwo umjikelezo weseli.

I-Chemotherapy inokunikezwa ngesilwane (i-chemotherapy engumlonyeni) ngomlomo, ngokusebenzisa ipilisi okanye i-capsule, ngqo kwi-fluid ezungeze ingqondo, okanye kwi-fluid present in the stoma.

Izingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi ye-chemotherapy - Uninzi lwabantu baqhelana nemiphumo echaphazelekayo ye-chemotherapy , efana nokulahleka kweenwele. Ngombulelo, kwiminyaka yamuva nje unyango luye lwaphuhliswa ukulawula ezininzi zeziphumo zecala. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu ngoku banomncinci okanye akukho ncwangu okanye ukuhlanza ngokumalunga nexesha elidlulileyo. Ezi ziphumo zempembelo ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, imilinganiselo, kunye nempilo yakho jikelele, kodwa ingaquka:

• ukulahleka kweenwele
• isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza
• i-anemia (inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi okanye i-hemoglobin)
• i-neutropenia (i-neutrophils ephantsi, uhlobo lwe-cell white white)
• thrombocytopenia (iiplatelet eziphantsi)
• neuropathy
• izilonda zomlomo
• utshintshe utshintsho
• utshintsho lwesikhumba kunye noshintsho lwe-fingernail
• isifo sohudo
• ukukhathala

Uninzi lweziphumo zempembelelo zixazulula ngokukhawuleza emva kweseshoni yokugcina i-chemotherapy, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo ezide zexesha elide zekhemotherapy . Imizekelo ibandakanya umonakalo wentliziyo kunye nezinye zala machiza kunye nengozi emancinci yeekliniki zesibini (njenge-leukemia) nabanye. Iintlobo zonyango zihlala zikhulu kunene naziphi na ezi zinto zixhalabisa, kodwa ukuqonda kunokukunceda uxoxe ngazo zonke iinketho ngokugqithiseleyo ugqirha wakho.

Utyando lweyeza

Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation yonyango olusebenzisa i-ray-rays (okanye iiprotho zamanzi) ukutshabalalisa amangqamuzana omhlaza. Uphuculo olubalulekileyo luyenziwe kulezi zonyango kwiminyaka yamuva, ukunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo ezijikeleza umhlaza.

Izaziso ezinokuthi zinikezelwe ngaphandle, apho i-radiation ihanjiswa emzimbeni ukusuka ngaphandle komjelo we-x-ray, okanye ngaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) apho i-radioactive material ichithwe okwesikhashana okanye ijojowe ngokusisigxina okanye ifakwe emzimbeni.

Njengomnye unyango lomhlaza, unyango lwe-radiation ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi njongo zi no:

• Ukunyanga umhlaza - I-radiotherapy yomzimba we-Stereotactic (SBRT) ingasetyenziselwa, umzekelo, kwimizamo yokunyanga umhlaza omncinci ongenakufikeleleka ngokuhlinzwa, okanye ukususa ngokupheleleyo i-metastasis.
• Njengoko unyango olusisigxina - Utyando lwe-radiation lungasetyenziselwa emva kokuhlinzwa ukunyanga nawaphi na amaseli asele emva kokuhlinzwa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi. Umzekelo ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-radiation kwindonga yesifuba emva kwe-mastectomy.
• Njengoko unyango lwe-neoadjuvant - Unyango lwamayeza lungabandakanywa kunye ne-chemotherapy ukunciphisa ubungakanani besifo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lwe-radiation-ngokuqhelekileyo luhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy-lungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani bomdlavuza ongaphazamisekiyo ukwenzela ukuba utyando lwenziwe.
• Ngomdla - Umzekelo wonyango okhuselayo unika unyango lwe-radiation kwingqondo ekukhuseleni i-brainast metastases kubantu abanomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana.
• Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation palliative - Ulwaphulo lwe- radiation palliative lubhekisela ekusebenziseni imisebe ukuze kulungiswe iimpawu zomhlaza kodwa kungabhekanga umhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa intlungu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, okanye ukunciphisa izithintelo ezibangelwa ngumhlaza.

Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kunokwenziwa ngezindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngokunjalo:

• Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lwangaphandle lwangaphandle - Ukusetyenziswa kwemisebe yangaphandle kuyasetyenziswa kaninzi kwaye kubandakanye ukuqondisa i-ray ye-radiation kwindawo leyo kwindawo yesifo.
• I-IMRT ye-intra-radiated-radiation (IMRT) yindlela yokuqondisa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwemitha kwi-site, ukuvumela ukuba umbane ophezulu unikwe umonakalo omkhulu kumaseli azungezile.
• I-Brachytherapy - I-Brachytherapy, okanye i-radiation yangaphakathi, yindlela apho imbewu enokusasaza ibeka khona emzimbeni okwethutyana okanye ngokusisigxina.
• I-radiotherapy yomzimba we-Stereotactic (SBRT) - i-SBRT, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cyber knife okanye i-gamma isikezi, ayiyiyo utyando, kodwa ngokwenene indlela yokuqondisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wemisebe kwindawo encinci yesikhumba, ngenjongo yokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza kangangoko uphando. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga "i-oligometastase" -isisiseko okanye iimbalwa ezithintekayo kwiindawo ezinjengomphunga, isibindi, okanye ingqondo evela komnye umhlaza.
• Ulwaphulo lweproton - unyango lweproton lisebenzisa i-proton imitha-i-atomic iincinci ezilawulwa kalula ngaphezu kwe-ray-ukuphatha izicubu ezingenasigxina ezinzima ukunyanga kunye nemisebe eqhelekileyo.
• Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation oluqhelekileyo - I-radiation yesimiso yindlela apho i-radiation ihanjiswa kuwo wonke umzimba ngokusebenzisa igazi. Umzekelo ukusetyenziswa kwe- iodine ye- radioactive ukuphatha ezinye iintlobo zeekhensi ze-thyroid.

Umngcipheko kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lwe-radiation - Ubungozi bonyango lwe-radiation luxhomekeke kwimihlobo ethile yombane kunye nendawo apho kuhanjiswa khona kunye namanani asetyenziswayo. Imiphumo emfutshane yexesha elifutshane yonyango lemihla ngemihla iquka ukubomvu (njengokutshiswa kwelanga), ukuvuvukala kommandla ofumana i-radiation, njenge- radiation pneumonitis kunye ne-radiation kwisifuba, kunye nokukhathala. Iimpawu zengqondo ziqhelekile kubantu abafumana ingqondo emzimbeni wonke. Imiphumo emide yexesha elide yonyango lonyango ingabandakanya ukusila kwindawo apho isetyenziselwa kunye neekliniki zesibini.

Iipilithi ezijoliswe

Ulwaphulo olujolisweyo luyimishanguzo eyenzelwe ukujolisa kwiiseli zesifo somhlaza ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zihlala zimanzi kakhulu kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezisanda kutshatyalaliswa ngumhlaza zijoliswe kwizonyango, kwaye ezinye zivavanywa kwizilingo zonyango. Ukongeza kokubizwa ngokuba yimithi ejoliswe kuyo, ezi zonyango zingabuye zithunyelwe "njengezilwanyana ezijoliswe kumathambo" okanye "unyango olululo."

Ulwaphulo olulindelekileyo luhluke kwi-chemotherapy ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo. Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy ehlaselayo nayiphi na iseli ehlula ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingaqhelekanga okanye isifo somhlaza, iithayibhile ezijoliswe ngqo zijolise ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza. Iziyobisi ze-Chemotherapy zisoloko ziyi-cytotoxic, nto leyo ithetha ukuba bayabulala iiseli, kanti iipilisi ezijoliswe kuzo zihlala zi-cytostatic, oku kuthetha ukuba bayeke ukukhula komhlaza kodwa ababulali iiseli zomhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zonyango ezijoliswe kuyo:

• Amachiza amancinci amancinci - Amachiza amancinci amancinci akwazi ukuhamba angaphakathi kwintsholongwane yomhlaza kwaye atyekele amaprotheni abandakanyekayo ekukhuleni kweseli. Baye bakwazi ukunqanda izibonakaliso ezixelela iiseli ukuba zahlule kwaye zikhule. Ezi zonyango zichongiwe yi-suffix "ib" njenge-erlotinib.
• Amanqindi aMonoclonal - Ama-antibodies aseMonoclonal afana namanqindi omzimba ethu awenzayo ekuphenduleni ama-virus kunye neebhaktheriya. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo neengqungquthela ze-antibodies, kodwa izilwanyana ezinqamlekileyo zenziwa "ngabantu", kwaye endaweni yokulwa neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, zijolise kwiithagethi ezithile (iiprotheni) kwindawo yomhlaza weseli. La mayeza aphethe isisombululo "mab" njenge-bevacizumab.

Kukho iindlela ezine eziphambili apho ezi zijoliswe kuzo zisebenza nomdlavuza. Ba no:

• Ukungqinelana nokukhula kwemithambo yegazi entsha. Ezi zi yobisi zibizwa ngokuba yi- angiogenesis inhibitors , ngokuyinhloko zilambile indlala ngokuphazamisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi.
• Vimbela iimpawu ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kweseli esitsho ukuba iseli ukwahlula kwaye sikhule.
• Ukukhulula "inkokhelo yokuhlawula" inetyhefu kwi-tumor.
• Khuthaza isistim somzimba ukuphelisa amangqamuzana omhlaza.

Izingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yezokwelapha ezijoliswe kuyo - Nangona iipilisi ezijoliswe kuzo zihlala zingekho nengozi kunezobisi zamakhemikhali, zinemiphumo emibi. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezincinci zixiliswa ngesibindi kwaye zingabangela ukuvuvukala kweso sigaba. Maxa wambi iprotheni ikhona kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo ngokunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, iprotheni eyaziwa njenge-EGFR ixinzeleleke kwezinye iisomhlaza. I-EGFR iphinda iboniswe ngamaseli ekhukhumba kunye neeseli zamathambo. Iziyobisi ezijolise kwi-EGFR zingaphazamisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, kodwa zibangele uhudo kunye ne-acne-like like burns on the skin. I-Angiogenesis inhibitors, ekubeni iyanciphisa ukubunjwa kwemithambo emitsha yegazi, ingaba nefuthe elichaphazelayo lokuphuma kwamanzi.

Xa ufumene unyango, ugqirha wakho angenza iprofayile yamaphrofayili (iprofayile yesalathisi) ukuze ukwazi ukuba i-tumor iyakwazi ukuphendula kwenye yezi zonyango.

Unyango lweHormonal

Amanqwenje afana nomhlaza wesifuba kunye nomdlavuza wesifo seprotate zivame ukuchaphazelwa yinqanaba lama-hormone emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, i-estrogen inokubangela ukukhula kwesinye isifo somhlaza webele (isrogen receptor positive breast cancer) kunye ne-testosterone inokukhuthaza ukukhula komhlaza wesibeletho. Ngale ndlela, i-hormone isebenza njengepetroli emlilweni ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula kwala ma-cancer. Iirmone zonyango-ezibizwa ngokuba yi-endocrine-thintelo-ibhloko le mphumo ekhuthazayo yamahomoni ukuyeka ukukhula komhlaza. Oku kungenziwa ngepilisi yomlomo, nge-injection, okanye ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokucoca ngenjongo yoku:

• Phatha umdlavuza - Unyango lweHormone lungasetyenziselwa ukumisa okanye ukucotha ukukhula kwama-hormone ezibuhlungu. Uncedo lwe-estrogen kunye neprogesterone ukuqhuba ukukhula kwamanye amachiza omhlaza kunye ne testosterone inokuqhuba ukukhula kwamanye ama-cancer e-prostate.
• Ukukhusela umdlavuza - Umzekelo wokuthintela umdlavuza wawuya kusebenzisa iTamoxifen kumntu osengozini enkulu yokuphucula umdlavuza webele kunye nethemba lokuba unyango luya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza uza kuqala.
• Nciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda (unciphise amathuba okuba umhlaza uza kubuya.)
• Phatha iimpawu zomhlaza.

Amachiza omlomo angasetyenziselwa ukuvimba ukuveliswa kwehomoni, okanye ukuvimbela amandla ehommoni ukuba afakwe kumaseli omhlaza. Uphando lunokusetyenziswa njengonyango lwe-hormonal. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhishwa kwamagqabi okutyunjwa kwamanzi kunganciphisa kakhulu umveliso we testosterone emzimbeni kunye nokususwa kwama-ovari (oophorectomy) kunokuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-estrogen. Amanqaku alandelayo aphonononga unyango lwe-hormone ngomhlaza ngokubanzi.

• I-hormone yokwelapha yesifo se-estrogen esifanelekileyo somhlaza webele
• I-hormone yokwelapha kubantu abanomdlavuza wesibeletho

Iingozi kunye nemiphumo yonyango lwe-hormonal - ezininzi iimiphumo ezimbi ezivela kulezi zonyango, ezinjenge-anti-estrogens, unyango lwe-androgen unyango, kunye nokuhlinzwa, zihlobene nokungabikho kwamahomoni ekhoyo ngokusemzimbeni wethu. Ngokomzekelo, ukususa ii-ovari, kwaye ngoko kuncipha i-estrogen, kunokubangela ukutshisa okutshisayo kunye nokomama wesisu.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy yindlela entsha enomdla wokunyanga umdlavuza kwaye ibhalwe i-Asociation ye-Clinical Oncology phambili kunyaka ngowama-2016. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-immunotherapy, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba ezi ziyobisi zisebenza ngokuguqula umzimba womzimba okanye ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zamasosha omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-immunotherapy ziquka:

• Ama-antibodies aseMonoclonal - Ama-antibodies aseMonoclonal asebenza njengama-antibodies esenzayo ukuhlasela iintsholongwane kunye ne-bhakteria, kodwa endaweni yokuxhamla kule mico-microgunms, zifakela kwindawo ethile (i-antigens) kumaseli omhlaza. Ngokwenza oku banokuthi banqande isibonakaliso kumgca wesifo somhlaza esichazela ukuba sikhule, "tyikitye" iseli somhlaza ukuze amanye amaseli omzimba angayifumana kwaye ahlasele, okanye endaweni yoko, inokuqhotyoshelwe "kwintlawulo" -iyeza okanye i-particle ye-radiation eyenzelwe ukubulala iseli yomhlaza.
• I-immune checkpoint inhibitors - Amasosha ethu omzimba amaninzi ayazi indlela yokulwa namaseli omhlaza. I-inhibitors yokuhlola i-immune isebenza ngokubambisa i-brakes kwi-system ye-immune ukuze ikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ekujoliswe kuyo ukwenza-ukulwa nomhlaza.
• Iimpawu zokwelapha ze-T - Ezi zonyango zisebenza ngokuthatha umkhosi omncinane weeseli ze-T ozifumanekayo ukulwa nomhlaza othile, nokuziphindaphinda.
• Ii-virus ze-oncolytic - Ngokungafani neentsholongwane ezihlasela imizimba yethu kwaye zibangele iimpawu ezinjengobanda obuqhelekileyo, ezi ntlupheko zenzelwe ukungena kumaseli omhlaza kwaye zenze njenge-dynamite, zonakalise iseli somhlaza.
• Izigulane zegciwane - Ngokungafani neentsholongwane ozifumeneyo ukukhusela i-tetanus okanye umkhuhlane, iigciwane zentsholongwane zenziwa ngokusebenzisa iiseli zesisu okanye izinto ezenziwe ngamaseli esondlo ukuphatha umhlaza osele ukhona.
• Ii-Cytokines - Ii-anti-immunotherapy zokuqala ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa, ii-cytokines, ezibandakanya i-interleukins kunye ne-interferon, zenza iimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba kunoma yimuphi umzabalazi wamanye amazwe, kuquka namaseli omhlaza.

Inqaku elilandelayo lixubusha ngalunye kwezi ndlela ngezinga eliphezulu nangendlela amajoni ethu omzimba asebenza ngayo ukulwa nomhlaza:

• Immunotherapy 101: Kutheni kwaye kusebenza njani

Ingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi ye-immunotherapy - Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zemizimba ye-immunotherapy kaninzi into onokuyilindela ekubeni ne-immune system. Ukuphendulwa kweengxaki ziqhelekile kwezinye zezi zonyango, kwaye amayeza okunciphisa ukuphendula oku aqhele ukusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokufakelwa kweziyobisi. Ukuvuvukala kuqhelekileyo, kwaye kukho igalelo lokuba iziphumo zempembelelo zamachiza e-immunotherapy zidla ngokuba izinto eziphela "yi-itis." Ngokomzekelo, i-pneumonitis ibhekisela ekuvukeleni kwemiphunga ehambelana nala mayeza.

Utshintsho lweeStem

Ukutshintshwa kweeseli zesitembu , ngokuchasene nokutshintshwa kwequmrhu eliqinileyo njengento yokutshintshwa kweengtso, ithathe indawo yamaseli e-stem kwintsi. La maseli e-hematopoietic stem ayinxalenye yeeseli ezinokuhlukanisa kuwo onke amangqamuzana egazi omzimba kuquka amangqombela egazi abomvu, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelet.

Kule nkqubo, ukunyuka kwamayeza e-chemotherapy kunye nokukhanya kwemitha kunikwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli kwintsi. Ukulandela oku, iiseli ze-stem zithatyathwa endaweni enye yeendlela ezimbini. Kwi- autologous stem cell transplant, isistim somntu siqu sisusiwe ngaphambi kwekhemotherapy kwaye yatshintshwa. Kwi- allogeneic stem cell transplant, ii-cell stem ezivela kumxhasi ohambelana nazo zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iiseli kwintolongo yethambo. Ukutshintshwa kweeseli zesitembu kusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiukemi, i-lymphomas, i-myeloma kunye ne-tumors cell cells.

Uvavanyo lweZliniki

Kukho iinkolelo ezininzi malunga nezilingo zekliniki , kodwa inyaniso kukuba yonke inyango ekhoyo ngoku ifumaneka ngumhlaza yayisetyenziswe kwimeko yesilingo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, ngokuqhubela phambili kuphando lomhlaza, izilingo zeklinikhi zitshintshile ngokunjalo. Nangona kwixesha elidlulileyo isigaba sovavanyo lwam ( isilingo sokuqala apho unyango luvivinywa ngabantu) kaninzi lusetyenziswa "indlela yokugqibela" kwaye akunakwenzeka ukunceda abantu ngabanye abanomdlavuza, ezi zilingo zizezinye ngoku zibonelela ngokufanelekileyo kuphela unyango lomhlaza. Ukwahlukana kukuba ezininzi zala machiza amatsha zicwangciswe ngokucokisekileyo ukujolisa okungaqhelekanga kwee molecular ezikhoyo kwezinye iiseli zomhlaza. Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, abantu abanomhlaza kufuneka baqwalasele iimvavanyo zonyango njengoko benza izigqibo malunga nokunyamekela umdlavuza.

Umzekelo ufanele amawaka awaka. Ngo-2015, kwakukho izidakamizwa ezitsha ezithandathu (iipilisi ezijoliswe kuyo kunye namachiza e-immunotherapy) avunyelwe unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ezi zi yobisi zavunywa njengoko zifunyenwe ziphakamileyo kwizonyango ezingcono kwixesha. Ngunyaka omnye ngaphambili, ngowama-2014, abantu abodwa abakufumene unyango olutsha kunye noluphucukileyo kwabo babandakanyeka kwizilingo zonyango.

Unyango olungeNyango / oPheleleyo lweMhlaza (IiNyango zoNyango)

Siva ngakumbi malunga nokunyanga okunye, kwaye ezininzi izikhungo zomhlaza zibonelela ngeendlela zokudibanisa umdlavuza , kodwa yiyiphi indima abangayidlala ngayo ekulawuleni umhlaza wakho ? Kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokubonisa ukuba naluphi na olu lwala unyango lunokunyanga umhlaza okanye luphuze ukukhula kwalo, kodwa kukho ubungqina obubalulekileyo bokuthi ezinye zezi zinto zinokunceda abantu bakwazi ukujamelana neempawu zomhlaza kunye nezokwelapha. Ezinye zezi zonyango zibandakanya:

• i-acupuncture
• ukuxilisa unyango
• kucamngca
• yoga
• Qigong
• ukuphulukisa
• unyango lwezilwanyana
• yomculo unyango
• unyango
• mthandazo

Kwakhona kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba akukho zonyango ezithe zafunyanwa ngokuphumelelayo ekuphatheni umhlaza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye injongo yazo kufuneka kube ukunyanga iimpawu zomhlaza.

Ukwenza isigqibo - Ukukhetha unyango lweNtsholongwane oluhle kakhulu kuwe

Unokuziva ukhululekile njengoko ufunda malunga nenani elikhulu lomdlavuza okwangoku okhoyo. Unokukhetha njani ukhetho olungcono kuwe? Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokukunceda ekukhothweni kwesigqibo sakho.

1. Cacisa iinjongo zonyango lwakho . Ngaba usukelo lwakho lokunyanga umhlaza wakho, ukwandisa ubomi bakho, okanye kunokuba ukwandise umgangatho wobomi bakho ngexesha lokushiya.
2. Bhala zonke iinkqubo zokonyango ezikhoyo.
3. Cinga ngemiphumo emibi yonyango olunokwenzeka.
4. Buza imibuzo kwaye uqhube uphando - Kukunceda ukuba nencwadana ifumaneke xa usanda kutshatyalaliswa ngumhlaza. Bhala imibuzo ukubuza i-oncologist yakho kwaye ulethe le mibuzo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iphendulwa. Siphila kwiminyaka apho abantu banokufumana i-plethora yolwazi lwezokwelapha kwi-intanethi, kodwa akukho konke okukholelwayo. Funda indlela yokufumana ulwazi olungumhlaza ngomnatha kwaye wenze olunye uphando lwakho. Izifundo zisitshela ukuba ukufunda ngomhlaza wakho kunokukunceda ukuba ujongane nokubhekiselele kwimiba yeemeko kwaye usenokudlala indima kwisiphumo sakho.
5. Khawucinge ngokufumana umbono wesibini . Akukuphela nje oku kunokukunika ezinye iinketho, kodwa ukuba nale mibono inokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yonyango. Ezinye iingcali zincoma ukufumana imbono yesibini (okanye yesithathu okanye yesine) kwelinye leziko elibanzi leNational Cancer Institute-indawo ekhethekileyo yomhlaza apho unakho ukufumana ugqirha ogxininisa uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza.
6. Thetha kunye ne-oncologist yakho, intsapho kunye nabahlobo. Unokufisa ukubuza i-oncologist yakho into ayayiyenza yanikezela ukuxilongwa okufanayo. Abantu abaninzi baye bafumana amajelo asekuhlaleni ukuba abe yindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuxhasa kunye nemfundo. Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwi-intanethi, ke, qhelana nemicimbi yobumfihlo kunye neendaba zoluntu kunye nomhlaza .
7. Yiba ngummeli wakho - Nangona unamahloni kwaye unobunzima ukuzimela ngokwakho, funda indlela yokuzimela njengesigulane somhlaza .
8. Phakamisa zakho iindlela.

Xa wenza isigqibo sakho, uya kuvezwa ezininzi iingcamango ezivela kwintsapho kunye nabahlobo bakho. Ezi ngcamango zibaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni ukuba ucinge ngeengalo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunokudala ukuxabana xa amalungu engavumelaniyo. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka wenze isigqibo esilungele wena wedwa.

Imibuzo Yokubuza Ngonyango Lwemhlaza

Ukuzisa uluhlu lwemibuzo ekuqeshweni kwakho kunokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana iimpendulo ozifunayo. Hlola le mibuzo uze ungeze ngokwakho njengoko beza engqondweni.

• Nguwuphi na unyango onokuyincoma ngomhlaza wam esekelwe kwizidingo zam?
• Kutheni ucebisa ngalinye lala mayeza?
• Yintoni eya kuba yinto yesibini phakathi kokukhetha kwam?
• Ziziphi unyango oza kukhetha ukuba usebenza nomhlaza wam?
• Ziziphi iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo-ezifutshane kunye nexesha elide-lala mayeza?
• Ngaba kukho nabani na onokuthetha naye ngubani owamkele le zonyango?
• Ngaba zikhona naziphi na izilingo zamakliniki ezinokuthi zikhethwa ngam?
• Iyintoni inyathelo elilandelayo ukuba ezi zonyango azisebenzi?

Ukuxhasa Umzimba Wakho Ngexesha Lokunyanga Kwemhlaza

Siqala ukufunda malunga nenxaxheba yesondlo ekunyamekelweni komhlaza. Siyazi ukuba ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzivocavoca ngokulinganisela kunokuphucula impilo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuphucula nokuphila. Ngelishwa, ezinye zonyango ezifumanekayo ngomhlaza zingongeza kwi-kunokuba zinciphise-ukukwazi kwakho ukufumana ukutya okunomsoco.

Nangona kwisondlo esedlulileyo sasinganyanzelwanga ngokubanzi kwi-oncology, abaninzi abanama-oncologists ngoku bajonga ukutya okulungileyo njengenxalenye yonyango lomhlaza. Ukutya okunokutya kunokunceda abantu banyamezele unyango olungcono kwaye banokuba negalelo kwiziphumo. Kutshanje nje kuphawulwe ukuba umhlaza wesifo somhlaza , isifo esithintela ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, sinoxanduva ngqo kwipesenti ezingama-20 zokufa komhlaza. Nangona asiyazi ukuba yintoni indima yokutya okunempilo ekhusela le syndrome, oku kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kokutya okunempilo.

Thetha ugqirha wakho malunga neemfuno zakho zokuncedisa ngexesha lokunyanga kwakho. Amanye amaziko omhlaza anokufumana izondlo kwabasebenzi abanokukunceda, kwaye abanye banikela iiklasi kwisondlo kunye nomhlaza. Uninzi lwe-oncologists lincoma ukuba ufumane izondlo ozifunayo ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa imithombo yokutya kwaye ungabongezeleli. Nangona ezinye izifo zonyango zingabangela ukungabikho kwe-vitamin, kukho inkxalabo yokuba ezinye ii- vitamin kunye nezamaminerali ezongezelelweyo zingaphazamisa unyango lomhlaza .

ILizwi

Ngenxa yobuninzi beendlela ezikhoyo ngoku ukunyanga umdlavuza, kunokuba nzima ukukhetha unyango olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Hlola amanqanaba ekwenzeni izigqibo zonyango ngasentla. Ubomi bunokuba ngumngeni njengoko ubongeza unyango lomhlaza kwiimbopheleleko zakho zemihla ngemihla. Fumana kwintsapho yakho kunye nabahlobo kwaye wamukele uncedo. Abathandekayo bahlala bethetha ukuba inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokujongana nomhlaza kumthande wabo ngumntu ongenakunceda. Xa ucela uncedo awugcini nje ukunciphisa umthwalo wakho kodwa ulungise le mfuneko yabathandekayo bakho.

Hamba uphinde ufune inkxaso evela kwabanye abajongene nokuxilongwa okufanayo, nokuba kwindawo yakho okanye kwi-intanethi. Kukho ininzi yamacandelo enkxaso kunye noluntu lwenkxaso emhlabeni wonke, ngokokuba nangona unesifo esingaqhelekanga somhlaza, akufuneki ube yedwa.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, xhoma kwithemba. Unyango lwezonyango-kunye nezindleko zokusinda-ziphucula. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho izigidi ezingama-15 ezikhusela umhlaza eMelika kuphela, kwaye loo nombolo iyanda. Akunabo kuphela abantu abaphila ngumhlaza, kodwa abaninzi banomdla, benomdla omtsha wenjongo kunye nokuxabisa ubomi emva komhlaza.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Society ye-Clinical Oncology. Ukwenza Izigqibo Ngonyango Lwemhlaza. Updated 11/2015. http://www.cancer.net/kuvakalisa-khenkca- ukunakekelwa / ukubonisa-}

_{Iibridges J, uHughes J, Farrington N, uRichardson A. Ukwelashwa kweCcercer Process Decision-making Process for Patients of Older Needs Required: Study. BMJ Open . 2015. 5 (12): e009674.}

_{National Cancer Institute. Iintlobo zeNyango Yonyango. Updated 04/29/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types}