Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lisetyenziselwa iindlela ezininzi zabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye kunokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ithuba lokuphindaphinda, kunye nenjongo yokuguga (njenge-SBRT), okanye njengendlela yokunciphisa intlungu okanye i-fracture kwizifo eziphambili. Nangona iimeko zidla ngokugqithiseleyo ingozi, kukho zombini ixesha elifutshane Kuhle ukukhumbula iingenelo zonyango xa ukhangela imiphumo emihle kwaye uxoxe ngazo kunye ne- radiation yakho ye-oncologist .
kunye nemiphumo yecala elide elingenzeka. Ziziphi ezi ziphumo eziqhelekileyo kunye noko ungalindela?
Ixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide
Wonke umntu uyaphendula kwi- radiation yonyango yomhlaza wemiphunga ngokuhlukileyo. Indawo yomhlaza wakho, impilo yakho jikelele kunye nezinye izibonelelo ozilwamkelayo ezifana ne- chemotherapy zonke zidlala indima kwindlela oza kuva ngayo ngexesha lonyango lwakho. Abanye abantu bayazibona iimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu, kanti abanye bafumana ezi zibonakaliso zibuhlungu.
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation yonyango lwengingqi, kwaye ngoko ke iimpawu ezininzi zivela kwindawo ephathwayo. Kwimeko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifuba (okanye ingqondo okanye amathambo xa isetyenziselwa isifo se-metastatic). I-teknoloji entsha inika i-radiation ukuba ihanjiswe ngokuthe ngqo kwiimvumi, ihlehlise ithuba lokuba iziphumo zecala ziya kwenzeka. Izifundo zisekuhlaleni ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela iiseli ezinempilo ngokuchasene nemitha.
Imiphumo emfutshane yexesha elifutshane ihlala ibonakala kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala unyango kwaye ezininzi izigqibo emva kwangoko unyango lugqityiwe.
Iziphumo ezingapheliyo zexesha elide ngamanye amaxesha zingabonakala ziinyanga okanye kwaneeminyaka emva kokunyanga. Kuhle ukukhumbula iingenelo zonyango xa ukhangela imiphumo emihle kwaye uxoxe ngazo kunye ne-radiation yakho ye-oncologist.
Masiphule phantsi kwiimpawu onokuzifumana ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezo kufuneka uziqaphele umgca.
Ngezantsi kwephepha, sinika unxibelelwano kwiinkcukacha malunga nendlela yokulawula zonke ezi mpawu.
Iimiphumo zecala elifutshane elifutshane
Iziphumo ezifutshane zexesha elifutshane zihlala ziqala kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba uqale unyango lwe-radiation. Nangona i-radiation yakho ye-oncologist ikuxelele ukuba unako ukufumana le miqondiso, qiniseka ukuba umenze ukuba azi ukuba zivela.
I-Skin Irritation
Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango lwe-radiation isikhumba sakho esiphezulu kwendawo yonyango singabomvu kwaye sithukuthele. Ngamanye amaxesha kulandelwa ukoma kunye nokukhangela ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Njengoko isikhumba sakho siphulukisa, kunokubonakala kubumnyama, njenge-suntan. Ukucaphukisa isikhumba ngokuqhelekileyo kusombulula kwisithuba seveki ezimbalwa zokugqiba unyango, nangona ubuninzi besikhumba sakho buhlala. Unonophelo olukhethekileyo kufuneka unikezwe ukuze ugweme ukushiswa kwelanga. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-lotions kunye neekrams ezingenakho iikhemikhali ezivuthayo, kwaye ukuphepha ukugqithisa okutshisayo okanye kubanda kubalulekile ukukhusela ukucaphukisa okungakumbi ulusu.
Ukukhunjulwa kwemitha kukukhumbuza ukuvutha kwamanye amaxesha xa kwenzeka abantu befumana unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye. Ekubeni i-10 ekhulwini labantu abafumana ezi zonyango ngexesha lexeshana, kunokubonakala kunobunzima bokushisa ilanga ngokugqithisa, ubomvu obukhulu kakhulu besikhumba, kunye nokuvuvukala.
Ukulahleka Kweenwele
Ukulahleka kweenwele kungenzeka kwindawo apho ufumana i-radiation, ingaba sakho esifubeni njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu okanye intloko yakho ukuba uphathwa kwi-metastases yengqondo. Ngokungafani nokulahlekelwa kweenwele ze-chemotherapy, ukulahleka kweenwele kwiyeza lokunyuka kwamayeza kudla ngokusisigxina.
Isikhumba / Ukufutshane Ukuphefumula
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunciphisa umgangatho we-pulp's agent, into eyenza i-alveoli emaphakeni. Oku kunokubangela ukukhwehlela owomileyo okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-steroids inikwe ukuphucula le mpawu. Ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nomkhuhlane ohamba kunye nomkhuhlane ungabonakalisa uphawu lwe-radiation pneumonitis (jonga ngezantsi).
Ukukhathala
Uninzi lwabantu luziva lukhulu lokukhathala ngexesha lonyango lwe-radiation kwaye lunokuba lunzima. Ukukhathala ngokuqhelekileyo kuqalisa iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kwonyango kwaye kuthatha ixesha elibi ngakumbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ichitha iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kweebhozo emva kokuzalisa unyango. Abantu abaninzi banako ukuqhubeka nokuphila kwabo kwimihla ngemihla ngexesha lonyango, kodwa kubalulekile ukufumana ubuthongo obuninzi bobusuku kwaye uvumele ixesha lokuphumla ngelilanga njengoko ufuna. Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho unyango lomhlaza okanye umhlaza ngokwawo ungabangela ukukhathala.
Esophagitis
Ekubeni i- esophagus (ityhubhu ephuma emlonyeni ukuya esiswini) ihamba ngesifuba, imisebe emiphakeni ingenza ukuba icaphuke. Ubunzima okanye ubunzima ngokugwinya, ukuguquka kwentliziyo, okanye ukuvakala kwintonga emqaleni wakho. Iimpawu zivame ukuqala ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuqala unyango kwaye uphantsi kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalisa unyango.
Iimpembelelo zangexesha elide
Imiphumo yangexesha elide inokuthi ivele emva kweyeza zonyango. Ekubeni ezinye zezi zinto zingenakuqala ngeveki okanye iminyaka emva kokuba unyango lwakho lugqityiwe, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi zinto kwaye uthethe ugqirha ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu.
I-radiation Pneumonitis
I-radiation pneumonitis iyimpendulo evuthayo yemiphunga ukuya kwimisebe enokuthi ifike emva kweenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokugqitywa kwemithi yonyango. Kuqhelekileyo, kuthintela ama-5 ukuya kwe-15 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza womhlaza. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okufutshane, kwaye ufumaneka ngokusekelwe kwiinguqu ezithile ezibonwe kwi-x-ray esifubeni. Ekubeni umdlavuza wempuphu wedwa ungabangela ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukuba ube nesicatshulwa esiphakamileyo xa unqumle nayiphi na utshintsho.
Ukunyanga kwe-radiation pneumonitis ngokuqhelekileyo ikhosi emfutshane ye-steroids (i-corticosteroids ezifana ne-prednisone). Inkoliso yexesha iimeko zisombulula ixesha, kodwa ngaphandle kwonyango kunokuqhubela phambili kwi-fibrosis ye-pulmonary.
Pulmonary Fibrosis
I-pulmonary fibrosis ibhekisela ekubunjweni kwezicubu ezinqabileyo kwimiphunga engenzeka ngezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanywa unyango lwe-radiation yomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye ne-radiation pneumonitis. Iimpawu ziquka ukuphefumula nokunciphisa amandla okusebenzisa.
Inetyhefu yeCardiac
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunokuchaphazela intliziyo yakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukulimala kwintliziyo yesifo (cardiomyopathy) esenza intliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba njengaphambili. Oku kuqhelekileyo xa izilingo eziphezulu zemizi-mveliso zisetyenziselwa izicubu kunye ne- lymph nodes ezibandakanya i- mediastinum , ummandla phakathi kwemiphopho kufuphi nentliziyo. Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kunokwandisa umngcipheko we-coronary artery disease, isifo se-valves, okanye isandi seenhliziyo ezingavamile.
Pericardial Effusion
Umonakalo owenziwe ngombala kwiimfucu ezisezintliziyweni (i-pericardium) kunokubangela ukwakhiwa kwamanzi phakathi kwezi ziqendu. Xa kuvela ngokungapheliyo kunokubangela ukuphefumula okufutshane kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuhlula kwezinye iziphumo okanye umhlaza ngokwawo. Xa i- pericardial effusion ivela ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngenxa yendlela encitshiswe kakhulu intliziyo ukupompa igazi. (Ngokwenene, intliziyo ifunyaniswa ngokuqinile).
Cancer
Isiphumo esisecaleni sonyango lwe-radiation yinto eyenzeka ngumhlaza wesibini phantsi komgca ngenxa yomdlavuza obangela umonakalo we-radiation. Ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-leukemia ingabonakala ingaqhelekanga njengomdlavuza wesibini ukuya kwi-10 kwiminyaka emva kokuzalisa unyango. Iidlonda zesibini ezibandakanya umphunga okanye isifuba nazo ziyakwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10 emva kokonyango.
Okukwintsusa
Zomibini iziphumo ezincinci kunye nexesha elide zingenzeka xa unesifo se-radiation yomhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziphumo zempembelelo zininzi zenkathazo, ngokucaphukisa isikhumba kunye nokukhathala okwenzeka kubantu abaninzi. Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zinokuba zibi kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukuba wena nodokotela wakho nibe nolwazi lokuba bangenzeka, kwaye niqhubeke nokuvavanya ukuba unayo impawu.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ongayenza ukuze uncede ukulawula imiphumo emibi. Funda malunga neendlela zokonyango xa ezi nkxwaleko zenzeka kunye nendlela yokulawula imiphumo emibi yonyango .
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. Iimiphumo ezingeNtsholongwane. Updated 12/16. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/radiation-therapy/side-effects-radiation-rapy
> Ukupasa, iHarvey I. Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza komhlaza weLung: I-Official Reference Reference ye-IASLC. Philadelphia: IWolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Print.