Isifundo se-CDC sigxininisa ukungafani kwiNgcipheko ebonakalayo kunye neyona nto
Ukulimala kwe-Needlestick-kunye naluphi na ukulimala okungekho emzimbeni onokumtyhila umntu kwigazi elihlambulukileyo okanye umzimba wamanzi-bekudala ukuxhalabisa kubasebenzi bezempilo kunye noluntu jikelele.
Uninzi lokwesaba lukhutshwe ngeengxelo zabeendaba eziye zithintela ingozi yokufumana i-HIV ngokwenyathelo lokulimala okanye i-spotlight cases apho amaxhoba athiwa "aphila ngokwesaba" emva kokufumana ukuchasana okunjalo (kubandakanywa isiganeko esiphezulu ngo-2013 apho Umfazi waseMichigan wamangalela u-Etihad Airways emva kokuzibethelela kwinqwelo ye-hypodermic elahliwe ekhompini).
Nangona ukucinga komngcipheko kunokuphakanyiswa kweemeko zokulimala kwezilingo, ukuhlalutya kwakutshanje okuvela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (CDC) kubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wangempela unokuba luphantsi kakhulu-ophantsi kakhulu, eqinisweni, ngoku ungathi ungabonwa .
Ukubuza "Iintathu Kwizigidi"
Kuphando olusandululweyo oluye lwafunyanwa ngo-1989, abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV kwisifo esisodwa somonakalo ochaphazelekayo obandakanya igazi elijongene ne-HIV lalingama-0.32 ekhulwini, okanye iimeko ezimalunga namathathu kuzo zonke ezili-1000.
Loo mfanekiso uye wahlala unyanzelekile ekukhunjweni kwamagunya ezempilo karhulumente, nangona kukho ubungqina obukhulayo bokuthi "ezintathu eziphuma kwewaka" ziqikelele ngakumbi kwizigulane zengqondo ezingaphendulwanga zifikelele ekupheleni kwexesha, izifo zesifo- imeko ebonakalayo ngo-1989-kunokuba Uqikelelo olusekelwe kuphela kwingozi yokwenzakala kuphela.
Uhlalutyo lwe-meta oluqhutywe ngo-2006 lwaluqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ezo ntloni.
Ukuphonononga izifundo ezi-21 ezahlukeneyo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba uqikelelo oluxubileyo lwaluphakamisa ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV yayisondele kwimigangatho ye-0.13 ekhulwini xa ukulimala kwe-needlestick kukuphela kwengozi. Kuphela xa umguli osisigxina anesifo sengculaza-oko kukuthi, i- CD4 count engaphantsi kwama-cell cell / / mL kunye / okanye isifo esichaza i-AIDS -kuba uqikelelo luya kuma-0.37 ekhulwini.
Yintoni, mhlawumbi, ebaluleke ngakumbi ukuba kuqaphele ukuba, kwizifundo ezingama-21 ezihlolisisiweyo, 13 zagqiba umngcipheko wo-0%. Ukungalingani okunjalo kwimpumelelo kwenzelwe ukongeza kwimpikiswano esele ijikeleze ingxaki yengozi ye- HIV kwimisetyenzana yokunakekelwa kwezempilo .
I-CDC ihlola iiNkundla eziqinisekisiweyo kunye neziTyala
Ngomhla kaJanuwari 9, 2015 we- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly , izikhulu ze-CDC zichongele ezingama-58 ziqinisekisiweyo kunye nama-150 angenzeka ngamatyala e-HIV afunyenweyo phakathi kweminyaka ye-1985 no-2013.
Amatyala aqinisekisiwe yilawo asebenza khona ukuba unonophelo lwezempilo unomdla wokungenayo i-HIV ngelixa isigulane somthombo siboniswe ukuba une-HIV. Ngokwahlukileyo, iziganeko ezinokwenzeka ukuba zikhona apho imeko ye-HIV yomthombo wesigulane ayengaziwa okanye akukho nxu lumene oluqulunqwe phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo kunye nomguli osisigxina.
Ingxelo iyaqhubeka ngokuchaza ukuba, ukususela ngo-1999, enye imeko eqinisekisiweyo yentsholongwane kaGawulayo efunyenwe yi-HIV iye yabhalwa kwi-CDC. (Kwimeko leyo ibandakanye umphandi weebhendi, ngo-2008, wayesebenza ngekcubeko le-HIV.)
Kwiimeko ezingama-58 eziqinisekisiweyo, zonke izinto ezine zenzeke phakathi kweminyaka ye-1985 no-1995, ngaphambi kokufika kweyeza-antiretroviral (ART) kunye nokukhululwa kwemiyalelo yokuqala yase-US yokusetyenziswa kwe- post-exposed prophylaxis (PEP) kwiimeko ukunyanzeliswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Nangona i-CDC ingxelo ngandlela-thile iyanciphisa ukubaluleka kwe-PEP kwiimeko ze-needlestick kunye nezinye izinto ezenzakalisa ukulimala, zibonisa ukuba, ngamazwi abaphandi, " unyango olusasazekayo nangaphambili olusandul 'ukunciphisa imithwalo yesifo segciwane " lunegalelo eliphantse Ukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko weHIV ngokubhekiselele ekubanjisweni komsebenzi.
> Imithombo:
> Inkundla yeSithili sase-United States, iSithili saseMpuma saseMichigan, iSithili saseMzantsi. " UJANE DOE noYOHN DOE, indoda kunye nomfazi, abachasi, kunye no-ETIHAD AIRWAYS , i-PJSC, uMmangalelwa." Grand Rapids, eMichigan; Oktobha 15, 2013; fi kelele ngoJanuwari 20, 2015.01.20
> Becker, C; Ikhonkco, J .; kunye neGerberding, J. "Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (HIV). Ngonyango lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi . Ngo-Apreli 15, 1989; 110 (8): 653-656.
> Baggaley, R .; Boily, M .; White, R .; okqhubekayo. "Ingozi yokuhanjiswa kwe-HIV-1 yokuvezwa kwama-parenteral kunye nokumpontshelwa igazi." AIDS. Epreli 4, 2006; 20 (6): 805-812.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). " Amanqaku avela kwiNgcambu: Ukusetyenziswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kwi-HIV phakathi kwabaSebenzi bokuNakekelwa kwezeMpilo - United States, 1985-2013." Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. NgoJanuwari 9, 2015; 63 (53): 1245-1246.
> CDC. "Ukuhlaziywa kwezikhokelo zeNkonzo zeMpilo zikaRhulumente zase-US zoLawulo lweeMisebenzi zoHlelo lwe-HIV kunye neNcomelo zePostlaxure Prophylaxis" . NgoSeptemba 30, 2005; 54 (RR09): 1-17.