Ukwazi Iimpawu Ziyinqanaba Lokuqala Ukuziphepha
Iimpawu ze- HIV ziyahluka kwaye zihluka kunye nesigaba sentsholongwane. Uninzi lweempawu ezinxulumene nosuleleko lwangaphambili zibangelwa yimpendulo yomzimba kwintsholongwane ngokwayo, apho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikhutshwa phambi kwegosa langaphandle. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zibangelwa ukuvuvukala okwenzekayo xa umzimba ulwa nentsholongwane.
Iimpawu zentsholongwane kamva zintsholongwane ziyahluka. Ezi zenzeka xa i-HIV iyancipha izinga le-immune system, ukunciphisa amandla ayo okulwa ngaphandle kokusuleleka. I-inferior response response, enkulu inengozi (kunye neentlobo) zezifo ezikhuselekileyo. Iimpawu ke ngoko-HIV-enxulumene ne-HIV-kuthetha ukuba ngelixa i-HIV inikezela ithuba lokukhusela izifo, iimpawu zibangelwa yintsholongwane echaphazelekayo (i-OI) .
Ixesha lokuhlaziya
Xa umntu enesifo se-HIV, intsholongwane ihamba ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa phakathi kweyure ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Ngeli xesha, njengoko intsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni, isistim somzimba sisenza impendulo ngeendlela zokukhusela ezikhuselayo. Ezi zinqamana zisetyenziselwa umzimba wokuzikhusela ukuba zichonge kwaye zinciphise iintsholongwane ezibangelwa zizifo ezifana ne-HIV.
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwangoku luxhomekeke ekukholeni kwamagciwane (okanye ukudibanisa kwamagciwane kunye nama-antigens) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo senzeke.
Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV lusetshenziswe kakhulu, ngexesha lokuthiwa lixesha le window , ukungabikho kwamagciwane okuza kunika umphumo wovavanyo olungalunganga.
Seroconversion
Ixesha lokuxubusha lilandelwa ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba le -seroconversion , apho ukukhuselwa komzimba kusebenze ngokupheleleyo kwaye kulwa nentsholongwane yesifo.
Iimpawu ezihamba kunye ne-seroconversion zinokuba zilula kwaye ziphosakele ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Kwabanye, eneneni, akukho zibonakaliso. Kwabanye, nangona kunjalo, imiphumo ingabonakaliswa ngakumbi kwaye ihlala ihlala ixesha elide. Phantse isiqingatha salabo abasandulsayo abane-HIV baya kufumana iimpawu ezilandelayo ngexesha le-seroconversion enzima:
- Fever
- Intloko
- Ukukhupha ebusuku
- Malaise
- I-Myalgia (i-static muscular ache)
- I-Rash (injenge-eczema ebonakalayo kwaye ihlala isasazwa ngeenxa zonke kumacandelo omzimba omzimba kunye / okanye iintende zezandla)
Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya umqala womlomo, izilonda zomlomo / izisindo, i-arthralgia (intlungu edibeneyo), kunye ne- lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kweengqungquthela ze-lymph). Uninzi lwale mpawu luya kusombulula kwisonto ukuya kwenyanga, ngelixa i-lymphadenopathy ihlala iqhubeka iminyaka.
AIDS (i-Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
UGawulayo (okanye ufumane ukukhubazeka kwe-immune syndrome) yinqanaba lokusuleleka apho isistim somzimba somzimba sithinteka, ukuvumela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithintela umzimba.
Ekuqaleni iphunyezwe njengeendlela zokongamela izifo, i-AIDS ichazwa ngamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokukhusela njengomntu ogulayo nge-HIV.
- i-CD4 count yangaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 nge-microliter (μL), kunye / okanye;
- ezithile imeko kunye neempawu ezinxulumene neHIV.
Le miqathango "ethile" iqulethwe ngamagciwane athile, i-neurological, nesisu kunye nesifo sengculazi kunye nezinye izifo ezinokuchaphazela abo abanamasosha omzimba.
Kukho iimeko ezingaphezulu kwama-25 ezichazwa nguGawulayo ezinokuthi zibone ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo zingaphezulu kwe-CD4 umgca wee cell 200 / μL. Ngaphandle kokuba unyango lwe-antiretroviral luphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza, abantu abaneengxaki zokuxilongwa nge-AIDS bahlala besaphila malunga neminyaka emithathu ngokulinganayo.
Izifo ezithintekayo ngama-CD4 Count
Inani le- CD4 yindlela yokulinganisa amandla omzimba omzimba njengoko kunqunywe inani le-cell4 ekhuselayo.
Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, abantu abane-CD4 zibalo ezingaphezu kwama-cell / μL angaphezu kwama-500 abancinci kakhulu.
Izibalo eziqhelekileyo ze-CD4 zingahlawulela naphi na phakathi kwama-500 ukuya kuma-1600 amaseli / μL. Xa inani liwela ngaphantsi kwe-500, amathuba okusuleleka kwintsholongwane ekhutshwayo njengemingcipheko yokuzivikela ekupheleni. Ezi zifo, ezibalwe yi-CD4 count, zingaquka ezi zilandelayo.
I-CD4 count phakathi kwama-500 ukuya kuma-250 cells / μL:
- I-Candidiasis (kubandakanywa i-oral thrush kunye nezifo zesinya sesisu)
- I-sarcoma ye-Kaposi (iipinki okanye izilonda zesikhumba ezixhatshazwayo ezibangelwa yi-HHV-8 virus)
- I-oral leukoplakia enomlomo (ezimhlophe, izilonda zomlomo ezinomsindo ezibangelwa yi-Epstein-Barr virus)
- I-Herpes zoster (izibonda)
- Herpes simplex
- I-bacterium pneumonia (ngokuchasene ne-pneumonia yentsholongwane)
- Isifo sesifo sofuba (okanye i-TB, intsholongwane yebhaktheriya yomoya ehlala ihlala emiphakeni)
I-CD4 count phakathi kwama-250 ukuya ku-100 amaseli / μL:
- I-Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (i-PCP, intsholongwane yefungal yemiphunga)
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
- I-Coccidioidomycosis (isifo sofayilisi somoya kunye nomhlaba obizwa ngokuba yi-Valley Fever)
- Isifo sesifo sofuba (isifo sofuba esibonisa ngaphandle kwemiphunga)
- I-Salmonella septicemia (umzimba wonke ukuvuvukala obangelwa yi-salmonella egazini)
- I-Esophageal candidiasis (i-thrush ye-esophagus)
I-CD4 count phakathi kwama-100 ukuya kuma-50 amaseli / μL:
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (okanye i-NHL; iqela leekhenya ezenzeka kwiiseli zegazi ezimhlophe)
- I-Toxoplasmosis (i-protozoan parasite engathintela iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zomzimba)
- I-HIV encephalopathy (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AIDS dementia complex)
- Inkqubela phambili ye-leukoencephalopathy (PML; ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yengqondo)
- I-Cryptococcosis (intsholongwane yefungal echaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba)
- I-Cystoisoporiasis (intsholongwane ye-intasine)
Inani le-CD4 ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-50 / μL:
- I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV, uhlobo lwentsholongwane lwe-herpes oluchaphazela ikholoni okanye amehlo)
- I-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC, intsholongwane yebhaktheriya ehlala emiphakeni okanye emathunjini)
- I-Histoplasmosis (intsholongwane yefungal ngokuqhelekileyo kwimiphunga)
- I-CNS i-lymphoma yaseprayim (umhlaza ochaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central)
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ichitha i-syndrome (inkunkuma engacacisekanga, inzima kakhulu ehamba kunye nobuthakathaka kunye nesifo sohudo)
Ngaphantsi
Iimpawu-nokuba kungabikho kwezibonakaliso-zibonisa ukuba usulelekile. Ukuba ukrokreka ukuba usulelekile, uye esibhedlele esiseduze nawe, kwiklinikhi okanye uhambe-kwindawo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV.
Ukuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwaye kuphunyezwe unyango lwe-HIV ekuxilongweni , abantu abane-HIV banokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugula kwe-HIV ngelixa kukhulisa amathuba okuqhelekileyo okuhlala kwimeko yokuphila .
> Imithombo:
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). "1993 Inkqubo yokuHlalwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noPhengululo oluPhakamileyo lweNgcaciso yoGawulayo phakathi koLutsha kunye nabantu abadala." Ukufa nokuHlonipha kweeVeki zeveki. Disemba 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu (DHHS). "Izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kwee-Antiretroviral Agents kwi-HIV-1-Adult Ad infected and Adolescents." Rockville, Maryland.
ICANDELO LOKUQALA IQela lokuFunda. Ukuqaliswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kwi-Antiretroviral Infection. "I- New England Journal of Medicine ngomhla we-20 ku-2015, i-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.