Isifundo sibonisa izinto ezibalulekileyo, "emva koko i-Stage" Izifo ziyakwazi ukuhambelana nokugula kwangaphambili
Nangona kuye kwapapashwa kakhulu kwiimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ze-HIV , akukho nto ichazwe ngokubanzi malunga nokuba usuleleko "oluqhelekileyo" lungabonakala njani kumanqanaba okuqala (acute). Kwaye ingxaki.
Naphezu kwemizamo karhulumente yokwandisa uvavanyo lwe-HIV phakathi kwabantu baseMerika abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala, abantu abaninzi baya kulinda de kubekho ixesha elithi "iimpawu zokuqala" zentsholongwane zivele.
Inyaniso yokuba izifo ezitsha ziza kubonisa ngokungekho zibonakaliso kuphela zandisa ingxaki kwaye ingachaza ukuba kutheni i-20% yezigidi ezi-1.2 zamaMerika eziphila ne-HIV zingabonakali.
Ukunyanzela izinto ngakumbi, kubantu abanempawu, ngoku uphando lubonisa ukuba naphi na i-25-40% iya kubakho ngeemeko ezingabandakanywa ne-HIV. Ngenxa yoko, mhlawumbi ukuba ukusuleleka kwezilwanyana kubanjwe okanye kuphazamisekanga-kwaye kungekhona nje umntu osulelekileyo kodwa ngaba baphathi ngokwabo.
Izimpawu ezinjalo ezingaqhelekanga zentsholongwane yokuqala zingabandakanya izifo zesisisu kunye neso, imiphunga, izintso, isibindi kunye nezitho zangasese.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo nezingavamile ze-HIV yangaphambili
Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, malunga no-40% wabantu abasandul 'ukusuleleka baya kufumana iimpawu ze -retroviral syndrome (okanye i-ARS) . I-ARS imane impendulo yomzimba kwi-HIV njengoko iphakamisa ukukhusela kumvikeli wentsholongwane, kunye nokuvutha okuqhubekayo okubangela iimpawu ezifana nelo mkhuhlane.
Umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, intloko, isisu, i-lymph glands, kunye neentlungu zesistim / ezidibeneyo azikho izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-ARS. Abanye bangase bahlakulele (ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "ukugqithiselwa kwe-HIV" ), ebonakalayo ngeentlanzi ezinobunzima, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiqingatha esiphezulu somzimba. Enye isenokuba nexesha elifutshane elifudumeleyo, ukuhlanza okanye isisu esiswini.
Nangona ezi ziqwalaselwa njengezona zibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo ze-ARS, ibhunga lobungqina obandayo libonisa ukuba abanye banokuhlangabezana neemeko ezingqongqo, nokuba besongela ubomi.
Ngo-2015, izazinzulu zeso sifundo se-Zurich Primary Prevention Programme eSwitzerland zijolise ekusekeni ububanzi kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo kweempawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha losuleleko lwe-HIV. Ngokutsho kophando, kungekhona nje kuphela abakwazi ukufumana izifo ezi-18 ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko-ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba zenziwe ngaphambili-zichaze inani elibalulekileyo liye laphulwa kwi-diagnostic yokuqala.
Kuphela izigulane ezichongiweyo ngexesha lokusulela ukusuleleka, zachazwa njenge:
- Ukutheleleka kwe-HIV enentsholongwane , oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uye wabonisa iimpawu kunye novavanyo olubi okanye olungagqibekanga lwe-HIV , okanye wayengenayo impawu kodwa evavanywe kakuhle kwi-HIV kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-90 ezichaziweyo.
- Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo , oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unikwe iimpawu kunye novavanyo oluhle lwe-HIV, okanye wayengenayo impawu kodwa wayevavanywe kakuhle kwi-HIV kwisithuba seentsuku eziyi-90 ukuya kwi-180 ze-exposed exposure.
Iziphumo zazimangalisa. Kuzo izigulane ezingama-290 ezanelisekile imfuno yokuqesha, i-25% ineempawu ezingahambelani ngokubanzi ne-ARS. Phakathi kwalabo abaneempawu, iziganeko zanda ngakumbi, nge-28.5% yezigulane kunye ne-40% yezigulane ezandul 'ingxaki zentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye neengxaki ezingenayo i-HIV.
Phakathi kwabo, i-23% enikwe imeko yokuchazwa nguGawulayo , oku kuthetha ukuba uphawu lwabo lokuqala losulelo lwaluyinto yokugula ebonakalayo kwisifo esilandelayo. Ezi ziquka iziganeko ze- candida (i-thrush , i- cytomegalovirus (CMV) yamanzi okanye isibindi, i- herpes zoster (izibonda) , kunye nokuba imeko ye- HIV ichitha isifo se-syndrome .
Izimpawu zesisu ezinxulumene ne-HIV zilandelayo zilandelayo kwoluhlu, kubalwa i-14% yeziboniso ze-atypical. Phantse ihafu yayingama-tonsillitis, ngelixa ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kubandakanya ukugaya kwesisu, ukukhulelwa kwezintso, ukusulela kwezintso kunye nokutheleleka kwe-herpes (okungazange kukhankanywe nje nge-appendicitis kodwa kamva kubangele ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigulane sesigulane).
Inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) iimpawu zenzelele ngaphezulu kwe-12% yeziganeko ze-atypical. Phakathi kwezi, izibhedlele zivakaliswe kwizigulane ezinokukhuphaza kwengqondo (i- encephalitis ) kunye ne- meningitis . Ukuphazamiseka kwesifo esifaneleko kubonakala njalo, njengoko kwakunjalo kwiziganeko eziphambili zeengqondo.
Eyona nto mhlawumbi, malunga nesiqingatha salezi ziko zafumana ukuxilongwa ngaphandle kwe-HIV ngaphambi kokuvavanya intsholongwane.
Ngoko Yintoni Eyasitsho Kona?
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, sinokucinga ukuba umntu obonisa ukugula okunxulumene neNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO (HIV-AIDS) kwanexesha elidlulelekileyo elidlulelekileyo kwaye sele kuphela nje liba ngumqondiso. Ngoku siyazi ukuba kwezinye izigulane, izifo ezinzulu zihamba kunye nezigaba zokuqala zentsholongwane.
Okumangalisa ngakumbi, ngoku siyazi ukuba le miqathango ithambekele ekufikeni kwizigulane ezinamajoni omzimba omzimba. Ngokutsho kophando, abantu abaneempendulo ezinamandla zomzimba (oko kukuthi, i- CD4 count ngaphezu kwama-cell cell / mL) angama-500 ayenamava amaninzi anesiqhelo esichukumisayo kunomntu onesimo esicatshulwa ngokwemodare.
Nangona iinkqubo zezi ngxaki zingekho ngokucacileyo, siyazi ukuba izinto ezinokuthi zinokunyusa amathuba abo, kubandakanywa nomthamo omkhulu wentsholongwane yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuqala (i-4-5 million copies / mL) kunye nohlobo lwesifo sengculaza umntu osulelekileyo. kunye (ngokukodwa kwi -subtype ye-HIV engekho B ).
Siphinde sithole ingqiqo enkulu kwizinga kunye nobukhulu beNTSHOLONGWANE YENTSHINTSHOLONGWANE kwintsholongwane kunye neengqondo, kunye neemeko ezinokubangela ukuba umntu angene kwizifo ezinzulu zesisu kunye ne-CNS.
Ukususela kumbono womntu, uphando luxhasa ngokucacileyo ikholi ka rhu lumente yovavanyo lwe-HIV lwabantu baseMerika abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya ku-65 njengenxalenye yokutyelela ugqirha. Asinakuyicinga ukuba umntu abe phantsi komngcipheko ophantsi nje ngokuba engabonakali nge-"classic" yesifo sosulelo.
Nangona abaphandi baseSwitzerland baphetha ukuba iimeko zehlabathi ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswa zi-15% kuphela, oko kusengokuthi ziguqule enye yezinto ezi-8 ezizilahlekileyo. Kwaye kunye neentsholongwane zeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ezinyuka kubantu abaninzi abasengozini (kuquka amadoda alala ngesondo kunye namadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika ), enye ye sibhozo asikwazi ukuyilahleka.
Imithombo
Braun, D .; Kouyos. R .; Balmer, B; okqhubekayo. "Ukuphindaphinda kunye neembonakaliso zengqondo ezingalindelekanga zonyango lokuqala lwe-HIV-1." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango . 2015; 61 (6): 1013-1021.
Cohen, M .; Gay, C; Busch, P .; kunye noHecht, F. "Ukufunyanwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (iSongezelelo 2): S270-S277.
I-Moyer, V. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV: I-US Preventive Services Task Force Statement." Ngo-Apreli 30, 2013. Ama-Annals of Medicine Internal. Aprili 30, 2013; i-doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-0064.