Ukuchonga iimpawu kukuqinisekisa ukunyamekela kunye nokunyangwa kwangaphambili
Kwimigangatho yokuqala yosulelo, abantu abaninzi baya kuhlakulela encinci okanye kungekho zibonakaliso zokugula. Oku, mhlawumbi, esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni i-20 ekhulwini yezigidi ezi-1.2 zabantu baseMerika abaphila ne-HIV abayifumananga. Bengazi ukuba banentsholongwane okanye baya kusebenza kuphela xa iimpawu zangaphandle ziqala ukuvela.
Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi ama-40 ekhulwini amatyala, iimpawu ezinjenge-flu ziya kuphuhliswa kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-14 zokuchasana.
Le meko ibhekwa ngokuba yi- acute retroviral syndrome, okanye i- ARS (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-syocrome ephawulekayo okanye isifo se-seroconversion).
I-ARS inokuthi ivele ngeempawu ezilandelayo, ukusuka kwi-mild to severe:
- umkhuhlane
- ukukhathala
- intloko
- i-pharyngitis (isisu somlomo)
- i-myalgia (i-muscular aches nentlungu)
- i-arthralgia (intlungu edibeneyo)
- i-lymphadenopathy (ikhupha i-lymph glands)
Ngezinye izihlandlo, ezi zimpawu ziya kuhamba kunye nokugqithiswa (okubizwa ngokubizwa ngokuba yi- HIV ), ebonakalisa iipompo ezibomvu-ezibomvu eziguqulwa zibe ngamabala amakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwisiqingatha esiphezulu somzimba. Ukongezelela, iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu baya kufumana i-shortuse yexesha elifutshane, uhudo, okanye ukuhlanza.
Uninzi lwale mpawu luyisiphumo sempendulo yomzimba kwi-HIV njengoko isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwisayithi yentsholongwane kwiimfucu zamathambo, edala impendulo yokuvuvukala.
I-ARS inokuqhubeka iinyanga kangangokuba ixesha elinokuthi i-immune system iqale ukuthatha ulawulo lwegciwane kwaye liqhubela kulokho esikubiza ngokuba yisigxina (esingapheliyo) sentsholongwane.
Nangona i-HIV iya kuba isichazela ngexesha lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kamva, ngokuqhelekileyo yenza njalo kwinqanaba elincinci kuze kube yilapho umthamo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo ugxininiswa kwaye i-virus set point setting.
Ukuqinisekisa ubungqina be-HIV
I-ARS inokuphoswa kwanokuba ugqirha kuba iimpawu zihlala zifana nomkhuhlane kumboniso wazo.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela iHIV isasazwa ngayo ; ukuqaphela iimpawu ezinzima ze-HIV kunye nokufumana uvavanyo lwe- HIV xa ucinga ukuba usulelekile.
Ekubeni uvavanyo lwe-HIV lunokuhlala luvelise umphumo olungalunganga okanye ongapheliyo ngexesha lokuqala isifo, uvavanyo lwe- HIV lwentsholongwane lentsholongwane lungasetyenziswa ukuba iimpawu zibonisa i-ARS. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba umntu unempembelelo engafanelekanga okanye engapheliyo, kodwa umthwalo wentsholongwane ephezulu (iikopi ezingaphezulu kwe-100,000 / mL), uya kuthathwa njenge-HIV. Utyando luya kuqala ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa uvavanyo lolandelelwano luya kwenziwa kwimihla ezayo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo.
I- anti-anti-anti-anti-assays esandul 'ukutshabalalisa nayo iphumelele kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni i-sterostat ngexesha le-ARS, kunye nolunye uvavanyo olubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuchaneka.
Ngenxa yoko, i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhuphe iziphakamiso ezihlaziyiweyo ngoMeyi 2013 zibiza ukuba uvavanyo lwabantu baseMelika abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-65 njengenxalenye yokutyelela ngokugqithisa ugqirha. Abanye basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kunye no-8218 # kubandakanye amadoda asebenza ngokwesondo abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) - kufuneka bavavanywe rhoqo ngonyaka.
Izinzuzo zokuSifumana kwangaphambili
Ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-ARS kubalulekile njengoko kunika umntu ithuba lokufumanisa kwangaphambili.
Oku akuncedi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-HIV ayifakwanga kwabanye kodwa inikezela ngezibonelelo ngendlela yokwelashwa kwangaphambili.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuqaliswa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral ekuqaleni kulungelelanisa umngcipheko omncinci wezifo ezichasene ne-HIV kunye noGawulayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukulibazisa unyango kuze kube yilapho inani le-CD4 lomntu lihlahla ngaphantsi kweelitha ezingama-350 / mL lidibaniswa kunye neziganeko ezingekho embi kuphela zezonyango, kodwa ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo-nangona kunzulu kwiminyaka yokuphila .
Ekugqibeleni, unyango lokuqala luvimbela ukuchithwa kwamaseli e-CD4 ephambili kwimpendulo yomzimba. Inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulisela intsholongwane kwabanye ngokunciphisa umthamo wentsholongwane yomntu osulelekileyo, isicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba yiSonyango njengoKhuselo (iTraP) .
Ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba unyango lwe-HIV luqaliswe ngexesha lokuxilongwa , umgangatho owaziwa ngawo ukunciphisa amathuba okugula nokufa ngama-57 ekhulwini.
Imithombo:
Cohen, M .; Gay, C; Busch, P .; kunye noHecht, F. "Ukufunyanwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (iSongezelelo2): S270-S277.
> Heinrich, T. kunye noGandhi, R. "Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kunye neNtsholongwane kaGawulayo: I-Stitch Time?" I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. Julayi 2013; i-doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jit307.
Hogg, R .; Althoff, K .; Samji, H .; okqhubekayo. "Ukunyuka kwexesha lokuphila phakathi kwabantu abanogciwane lesandulela ngculazi eMelika naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7 ye-International AIDS Society (IAS) Inkomfa kwiPathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, eMalaysia. NgoJuni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.
> ISIGABA SOKUQALA IQela lokuFunda. "Ukuqaliswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kwi-Antiretroviral Infection." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Julayi 20, 2015; INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
I-Moyer, V. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV: I-US Preventive Services Task Force Statement." Ngo-Apreli 30, 2013. Ama-Annals of Medicine Internal. Aprili 30, 2013; i-doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.