Isifundo siQinisekisa Ukunyaniseka-Ukuchaneka kwehlabathi kweeNtsholongwane zoVavanyo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Njengoko i-US ijolise ukunyusa ukuchongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokonyango lwabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kugxininiswe ngakumbi ekugqibeleni ukuchaneka kweemvavanyo ze-HIV kwizicwangciso zehlabathi zangempela-kungekhona nje kuphela ukunciphisa inani leempembelelo ezingalunganga zentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nobuxoki kodwa ukuchonga ngakumbi abantu ngexesha lokuqala (acute) izigaba zentsholongwane xa umngcipheko wokusasazeka ukhupha ngokukodwa.
Ukuze ulinganise oku, abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco baqhube ukuphononongwa kwee-21,000 iimvavanyo ze-HIV ezinikwe phakathi kweminyaka ka-2003 no-2008 kwezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo eziqhelekileyo zedolophu. Kwimizekelo emine yeemvavanyo ezisetyenziswe ngeli xesha-ukususela kwiimvavanyo zokuqala zentsholongwane yomntu ukuya kutshanje ilayisenisi, iimvavanyo zomlomo ezikhawulezayo-abantu abangama-761 bafumene ukuba bane-HIV (3.6%), ngelixa ezingama-58 zachongwa ngexesha lokusuleleka.
Uphononongo lujolise ukuthelekisa ukuchaneka kwezilingo zokuvavanya ezintsha-kuquka udidi lwe-4 lokuhlanganiswa kwe-antigen / antibody-test- by retesting the blood from 58 people previously diagnostic infection.
Ukuchaneka kwalinganiswa kokubili ngokubaluleka (ipesenti yeziphumo zokuvavanya ezichanekileyo) kunye neenkcukacha ezithile (ipesenteji yeziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo).
| Uhlobo lo vavanyo | Ibhanti | Ukuqonda ukuvela kwiimvavanyo ezingama-21,234 | Ukuchaneka kwiimvavanyo ezingama-21,234 | Ukuqonda ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane engama-58 |
| Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-antibody (igazi) | I-Vironostika i-HIV-1 Microelisa | 92.3% | 100% | 0% |
| Uvavanyo lwesithathu lwe-antibody (igazi) | Iimpawu ze-Genetic Systems HIV-1/2 | 96.2% | 100% | 34.5% |
| Isizukulwana sesi-3 sokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antibody (igazi) | OraQuick Advance | 91.9% | 100% | 5.2% |
| Isizukulwana sesi-3 sokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antibody (saliva) | OraQuick Advance | 86.6% | 99.9% | - |
| Isizukulwana sesi-3 sokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antibody (igazi) | Uni-gold Recombigen | - | - | 25.9% |
| Isizukulwana sesi-3 sokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antibody (igazi) | I-Multispot HIV 1/2 | - | - | 19.0% |
| Isizukulwana sesi-3 sokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antibody (igazi) | I-Clearview Stat Pak | - | - | 5.2% |
| Isizukulwana sesi-4 sidibanisa i-antigen / i-antibody test test (igazi) | Misela i-HIV 1/2 Ag / Ab Combo | - | - | 54.4% |
| I-4th generation generation based based antigen / antibody (lab) | I-ARCHITECT ye-HIV Ag / Ab Combo | - | - | 87.3% |
Yintoni Yonke Esixelelayo?
Okokuqala, ukusuka kwinqanaba leembono, izibalo ziqinisekisile ukuba iziganeko zeempembelelo ezingamanga zihlala ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaneziphumo zokuqala zesizukulwana.
Ngokwenkontileka, isantya sobuxoki besininzi sichaphazeleka kakhulu, kunye ne- OraQuick Advance uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-saliva olwenza lubi kakhulu, kunye nesigidi esisodwa kwi-15 ezifumana iziphumo ezingalunganga.
Ubalo kuphela bubuhlungu xa kuhlolwa kwakhona igazi ukusuka kwizigulane ezisezantsi. Kwiesampuli ezingama-58 ezivavanywayo, isivivinyo sesithathu esiphuthumayo siphumelele uvelwano lwama-5.2% ukuya kwi-25.9%, nto leyo ithetha ukuba uninzi lwezifo ezinjalo luya kulahlwa ngokusebenzisa ezo zixhobo zobuchwepheshe obukhawulezileyo.
Nesizukulwana sesine Sifumanisa ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-antigen / antibody's test yakwazi ukuchonga isiqingatha sezifo ezithintekayo, nangona uqikelelo lobungakanani bolu-96.6% kunye ne-100%. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi ba-UCSF, i- Determine yasebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokusuleleka kakubi xa umthamo wegciwane lesigulane ungaphezu kwama-500,000 ikopi / mL.
Akumangalisi ukuba i- ARCHITECT inxulumene ne -lab e- ARKITECT / i-antibody i- st eyenze i-best test of tests. Ngomlinganiselo oqikelelweyo phakathi kwe-99.1% kunye ne-100%, iimvavanyo zazikwazi ukuchonga malunga ne-90% yezifo ezikhuselekileyo.
Lithetha ntoni Oku kum?
Ngokubhekiselele ekukhetheni ukuhlolwa kunye nokusebenza, izigqibo ezilandelayo zingathatyathwa ngokufanelekileyo:
- Ushishino, uvavanyo olungaphezulu kwe-HIV luyenzela ubuncinci ngokubanzi, kungekhona kuphela ekufumaneni usuleleko olubi kodwa ekubuyiseni izinga elingalunganga eli-7% .
- Ukudibanisa i-HIV ye-antigen / i-antibody test ichaneke ngakumbi ukuba i-assay-based-assays, ngokukodwa ngexesha lesiganeko sosulelo.
- Iimvavanyo ezisekelwe kwiLab ziqhubeka zingekho kwisayithi, indawo yokukhathalela i-HIV, ingakumbi kwiimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kwe-HIV.
Xa kuthethwa ukuba, amazinga aphezulu okuvakalelwa yiyona nto yeso sizathu sokuba kutheni iimvavanyo ezithile kwabanye.
Ngokomzekelo, inani elininzi labantu abahluleki ukubuyela kwiziphumo ze-HIV emva kokuvavanya. Ngenxa yoko, ukukwazi ukubuyisela iziphumo zokuvavanya ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-20 ukuya ku-30, ukulungiselela ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa ukuba ivumela iiklinikhi ukuba zidibanise umntu ngokukhawuleza ukuba anakekele
Ngokufanayo, abantu abaneenkcukacha eziyimfihlelo okanye ukwesaba nge- HIV intsapho ingaba bhetele ngakumbi ngokuthatha uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwekhaya ( olufanekisiwe ).
Nangona kukho idatha encinane yokuvavanya inani langempela labantu abadibeneyo nokunyamekela emva kokufumana umphumo osisiphumo, kwimiphumo yasekhaya, kucingwa ukuba iimvavanyo ezinjalo zibonelela ngenqaku lokungena kubantu abanokuthi baphephe iindawo zokuvavanya okanye izicwangciso zeklinikhi.
Umthombo:
I-Pilcher, iD .; Louie, B; Facente, S .; okqhubekayo. "Ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Point-of-Care kunye neeNzame zeLebhu zeNgcaciso kunye nokuSungulwa koGawulayo eSan Francisco." I-PLOS | Enye. Disemba 12, 2013; INGXELO: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0080629.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "Okokuqala Ekhaya Ngokukhawuleza-Sebenzisa i-HIV Kit evunyelwe ukuvavanya." I-FDA Ulwazi lwezeMpilo yabathengi. Silver Spring, eMaryn; Julayi 2012; uxwebhu: UCM311690.