Imfundo noVavanyo lweeMvavanyo ziPhezulu zokuQala
Nangona uphumelelo ekukhuselweni nasekunyangeni kwe-HIV, isithunzi se-HIV siyakuncipha kakhulu, sichaphazela abaninzi balabo abaphila nesi sifo. Ngokukrakra kukuba ukwesaba ukunyaniseka okusoloko kubonakala ngathi ihamba ngokubhekiselele kuluntu. Kweminye, kulula kakhulu ukuphepha ukuvavanya i-HIV , umzekelo, kunokubeka engozini ukuzityhila okanye ukuchaswa.
Ukuzama ukunciphisa ukwesaba, okanye ukuzithengisa, ukuhluleka ukuqwalasela iinguqu ezinzima ezizibini eziqhubezelayo nokuqhubela phambili ihlazo.
Imiba ye-HIV Stigma
Nangona umgangatho wobomi uphumelele kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV kwiminyaka engama-30 edluleyo, ininzi yemingcele efanayo yentlalo neyengqondo iyahlala.
Ekugqibeleni, i-HIV ayifani nayiphi na esinye isifo, ubuncinane kungekho ngendlela uluntu oluyiqonda ngayo. Yintoni eyahlula kwezinye izifo ezifana nomhlaza okanye isifo senhliziyo kukuba, njengesifo esichengileyo, abo bathelelekileyo bavame ukubonwa njengeimpawu zokuhambisa. Isoloko isabelwa, kwaye kungekhona nje kumntu osulelekileyo kodwa kubantu bonke, nokuba ngaba ngabayeni besilisa, abasebenzisa iziyobisi , okanye abantu bombala.
Ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane lwe-AIDS luqale kuma-80s okuqala, amaninzi ala maqela sele ekhohlisiwe, abhalwe ngabanye njengokuba bangenasiphako okanye bengenakuxanduva.
Ngethuba lokutshatyalaliswa kokuqala kweentsholongwane, ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo kuluhlu kuluntu luye lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukunyaniseka. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abasemngciphekweni we-HIV bavame ukuhanjiswa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlelwa, ukucalulwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi.
Ukungaxhatshazi ngokuziphatha ngokwesini kudlala indima enkulu kwi-stigmatic HIV.
Ngaphandle kwezinye iinkcubeko eziqhubela phambili, ukuziphatha ngokwesini kunokushukumisa iimvakalelo ezinzulu zokuhlazeka okanye iintloni, ingakumbi xa zihlobene nokulala ngokwesini, abafazi ngokwesini, okanye ngesondo phakathi kolutsha .
Ngelo xesha, oko kuthiwa "ukubhengezwa kwesekondari" (oku "uyenze njani?") Kuthintela abaninzi ukuba bangene phambili xa bejamelene noloyiko lokuba bavume into ethile, baveze ingxaki yeziyobisi, okanye baphume malunga ngesini. Imithetho yomthetho we-HIV kwizinto ezininzi zisebenza kuphela ukuqinisa ezo nkxalabo, ukugxotha abantu abane-HIV "njengetyala" ngelixa bebonisa ukuba abo bangenawo "bangamaxhoba."
Yonke le miba ayinakunceda kodwa igalelo kwiimvakalelo, ezibini zinyani kwaye ziyaboniswa, kwaye zingachaza ukuba kutheni i-20% yezigidi ezi-1.2 zamaMerika eziphila ne-HIV zihlala zingagqibekanga.
Ukulwa ne-HIV Stigma
Ukufunda ukulwa nesifo se-HIV akusoloko kuyinto elula. Kudinga iqondo lokuzibonakalisa ngokwakho, kunye nokuvavanya ngokunyanisekileyo kweziqu zakho kunye neenkolelo zakho. Enye yeenjongo kukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi inkxalabo yakho ebonakalayo (esekelwe kwisimo sengqondo okanye imbono) kwaye yenziwe (ngokusekelwe kumava okwenene).
Ngokwahlula ezo zibini, uya kulungeleka ngakumbi ukubeka isicwangciso sokungagqithisi nje ukwesaba kwakho kodwa ukuzikhusela kangangoko kunokwenzeka, izenzo zangempela zolucalulo okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi.
Ekugqibeleni, ukunqoba isicaka akusisigqibo esinjengenkqubo, enye ithatha ixesha kunye nomonde. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, kungabi yedwa. Ukukwabelana ngolwabanye nabanye abantu kunokusenza izinto zibe bhetele, kukubonelela ibhodi yokuqhayisa kunokuzihlukanisa kwiingcamango zakho ezijulile, ezibuhlungu.
Nazi izicwangciso ezimbalwa malunga nendlela yokuqalisa:
- Okokuqala, zama ukususa uxanduva kuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo onokuyenza nayo. Khumbuza ukuba i-HIV sisifo kwaye ayikho imiphumo yokuziphatha.
- Emva koko, zifundise malunga ne-HIV usebenzisa izinto zokubakho eziphezulu. Imibutho esekelwe yoluntu yimithombo enje yale nto, inika iincwadana kunye neephamflethi ezingabhaliwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zibhalwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa rhoqo
- Ukuba uyika ukuvula umntu owaziyo, qalisa ngokubiza umnxeba we- AIDS . IiHlomelo zihlala zibhekisela kumaqela enkxaso okanye ngabacebisi onokuthetha nabo ngokukhululekile nangemfihlo.
- Ukuqonda amalungelo akho phantsi komthetho. Imibutho yasekuhlaleni ingahlala ikuthintele iinkonzo zomthetho ukukunceda xa ubhekene nokucwaswa emsebenzini, kwizindlu, okanye ngababoneleli bezempilo.
- Ukuba ugqiba ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-HIV , xubusha nayiphi na inkxalabo enokuthi ungayinayo kunye nogqirha okanye kwiklinikhi yakho. Ukushiya nayiphi na inkxalabo engaqinisekanga iya kwandisa kuphela uxhalaba lwakho.
- Izibhedlele ezininzi kunye neeklinikhi namhlanje zinika iinkonzo zokunakekela abo baphila ne-HIV, kubandakanywa amaqela enkxaso, iinkonzo zentsapho, iinkqubo zonyango lweziyobisi, kunye nokucebisa ngempilo yengqondo.
- Xa ulungele ukuthetha nabahlobo okanye intsapho, thatha ixesha lokuzilungiselela. Cinga zonke iimpendulo ezinokwenzeka kunye neendlela ongabelana nazo. Zama ukusebenza kwangaphambili indlela oya kuphendula ngayo imibuzo efana neyo, "Uyifumene njani na?" okanye "Usebenzise ikhondom?"
- Okubaluleke ngakumbi, mhlawumbi, samkela ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantu bayabuza imibuzo engacatshanganga kunye neyobuwula. Zama ukuba ungakhuseli. Khawukhumbule ukuba kukubonakalisa ngakumbi ukwesaba kwabo kwaye baqhubeka nenkqubo, nabo. Ukuba unako, sebenzisa njengethuba lokufundisa nokukhanyisa. Usenokumangaliswa ukuba abantu abancinci bayayazi ngesifo. Banika inzuzo yokungathandabuzeki.
- Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuba uhlangabezana nokudandatheka okude okanye uxinzelelo, okanye unengxaki yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, funa uncedo lobuchwepheshe. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uthumele okanye uthethe kumboneleli wakho wezempilo. Musa ukuhamba yedwa xa ungenayo. Kukho uncedo.
Imithombo:
Pulerwitz, J; Michaelis, A .; Weiss, E .; okqhubekayo. "Ukunciphisa i-Stigma enxulumene ne-HIV: Izifundo ezifunyenwe kwi-Horizons Research and Programs." Iingxelo Zempilo Zoluntu. Mar-Apri2010, 25 (2): 272-281.
Maharan, A .; Sayles, J .; Patel, V .; okqhubekayo. "I-Stigma ebhubhane lwe-HIV / AIDS: ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi kunye neziphakamiso zendlela eya phambili." AIDS. Agasti 2008; 22 (iSiza 2): S67-S79.