I-7 Imininzi Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
Nangona uphuhliso lwangoku kwi- antiretroviral unyango aluzange lube luphawu olumangalisa-kubangalisa abantu abane-HIV ekufuphi-ixesha eliqhelekileyo lobomi-kusekho isithuba esiqhayisayo ekukhathaleleni phakathi kwabo banesidingo. Enyanisweni, malunga nezigidi ezi-1.2 zabantu baseMelika abaphila ne-HIV namhlanje, abangaphantsi kweyine kwi-4 banako ukuphumeza ukhiye okhuselekileyo wentsholongwane .
Yaye le ngxaki. Ngaphandle kwendlela yokufumana ulawulo lwe-virus, abantu abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yokungaphumeleli kwonyango, ukuphuhlisa ukunganyangeki kwezidakamizwa, ukufumana izifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV kunye neengxaki ezingenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kunye nokudlulisa i-HIV kwabanye.
Ukunyangwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo namhlanje kukugqithiseleyo kunokuthatha nje iipilisi. Ngokuphathelele ukufumana izixhobo ukulawula kakuhle isifo sakho ngokubambisana nodokotela wakho okanye iklinikhi. Ngokuphathelele ukuqala unyango kuqala ukuze ugweme izifo kunye neengxaki zonyango. Ngokumalunga nokuzigcina uxhunyaniswe nokunyamekela ukuze uhlale unempilo ngexesha elide.
Ngokuphathelele ukuthatha i-HIV kwaye uyayifaka impilo yakho ukuze ulawule isifo sakho kunokuba isifo sakho silawulwe.
Zonke ziqala ngemfundo kwaye ngokuzibuza imibuzo efanelekileyo.
1. Ziziphi ii-Antiretrovirals kwaye Ziyasebenza Njani?
Akungabazeki ukuba iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-HIV ziye zahamba ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo.
Ukuze uqonde indlela esebenzayo ngayo-kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuqala unyango ukusuka kwimeko oyifumene ngayo-kufuneka uqale uqonde indlela ama-antiretrovirals asebenza ngayo, kutheni asebenza kunye nendlela ukuphumelela kwabo kulungiswe ngayo xa bengathathwa ngokuchanekileyo .
2. Kufuneka Ndiqalise nini unyango?
NgoSeptemba 30, 2015, i-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ihlaziye izikhokelo zayo zonyango lwe-HIV ukukhuthaza ukuqaliswa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral ngexesha lokuxilongwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yi-CD4 count, isigaba sesifo okanye indawo.
Funda ukuba kutheni isinqumo senziwe kunye nendlela iCandelo loCwangciso loCwangciso lwe-Antiretroviral Treatment (START) luye lwaguqula indlela esiphatha ngayo i-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
3. Yiyiphi i-HIV yezidakamizwa kufuneka ndiqale nazo?
ISebe lezeMpilo leSebe laseMelika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu zihlaziye zihlaziye izikhokelo zabo zonyango lwe-HIV, zincoma nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwonyango kubo bonke abantu abadala abaphila ne-HIV kodwa ukubeka phambili iiklasi ezitsha zamachiza kwilonga lokuqala. Funda ukuba kutheni ezo zinguqu zenziwe kunye nokuba zithetha ntoni kuwe.
4. Ziziphi izidakamizwa ezivunyelweyo kwi-HIV?
Namhlanje, kwiiklasi ezintlanu zamachiza e-antiretroviral avunywe unyango, kukho ama-agent angama-27 kunye ne-12 edibeneyo yezilwanyana ezibandakanya izilwanyana ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Funda kabanzi malunga nala mayeza kunye nendlela asetshenziswe ngayo kule shati elula ukuyiqonda.
5. Yintoni eyenzekayo xa unyango luphela?
Ngamanye amaxesha unyango luyaphela ngenxa yempembelelo yecala lezonyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, kubangelwa ukungaphumeleli kwe-virologic okanye i-immunologic, apho iziyobisi zakho zingenakukwazi ukunciphisa inani leentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho okanye akakwazi ukuvuselela ukusebenza komzimba. Xa oko kwenzeka, uvavanyo luyenziwa ukwenzela ukuba yintoni na unyango olutsha oluza kufezekisa iinjongo zokwelapha eziphambili kuwe.
Funda ukuba kutheni ukuhluleka kwonyango kubakho kwaye zeziphi unyango ezicetyiswayo xa kwenzeka ukusilela.
6. Ukunyameka Kwanele Kwanele?
Njengomthetho, bekuye kwanyanzeliswa ukuba izigulane zigcine ukulandelwa kwezilwanyana ezikufutshane (ngaphezulu kwe 95%) ukwenzela ukufezekisa ngokupheleleyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-virus. Ngokwenza njalo, umngcipheko wokuchasana neziyobisi uncitshiswa, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokwaneleyo kuqhubeka. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iilazi zilahlekile okanye unyango luphazamiseka okwesikhashana? Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba ukuhluleka kokwelashwa akunakwenzeka? Funda oko uphando olutsha lusitshela, kwaye kutheni kubaluleke ngakumbi kunanini ngaphambili ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kokunamathela kwonyango kunye nokusebenza ngonyango.
7. Ziziphi na iingcebiso zokuphucula ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa?
Ukungqinelana yindawo enye yokulawulwa kwe-HIV apho upheleleyo; apho unakho ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo kwiziko lakho lempilo kunye nentlalontle ithatha. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kukunye kwezona zinto ezibangela ukungaphumeleli kokonyango, okubangelwa ukhetho oluncinci kunye noluncinane lweziyobisi. Nazi izicwangciso ezi-18 ezilula (kunye neziqili) zokufumana ukunyanzelwa kwezidakamizwa eziphezulu, ezinikezelwe kwigalari yenyathelo-nge-nyathelo.