Nangona uphuhliso lwezesayensi yezokwelapha kunye nokuqonda kwethu nge-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela i-AIDS, e-US ngokuqhelekileyo imeko yokuba umthetho we-HIV kunye nesayensi ye-HIV ayihambisani. Amaqela amaninzi ayenze imithetho, enye inokubangela ukugwetywa kwejele ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20, ingaba ukutshintshwa kwe-HIV kwenzeka okanye akunjalo.
Ngokutsho kwamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (i-CDC) ye-United States, i-67 imigaqo emazwe angama-32 yayigxile kubantu abane-HIV ngo-2011.
Kwiminyaka engama-24 uthi, umntu ogonywe ngu-HIV wayefuneka ukuba adalule isimo sakhe kwiinkwenkwezi zabo zesini. Izizwe ezilishumi elinesine zidinga ukudalulwa kwemeko ye-HIV kumalingani okwabelana ngamasalane, kwaye ama-25 asele aphulaphule iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingenazo ingozi yokudlulisa i-HIV.
Imithetho emininzi ye-HIV ekhoyo njengamanje isetyenziswe ngamalungu omthetho abangekhoyo nje ekuthinteni nezesayensi zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukungakwazi ukuqonda-okanye ngokungafuni ukuvuma-imigaqo-siseko eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokudlulisela okanye ukubeka ingozi . Kwamanye amazwe, imithetho ibonisa ukuxhatshazwa okuxhatshazwayo kwabasetyhini (ubugebengu obuhenyukazi, kodwa kungekhona umthengi), ngokumelene namadoda (kuchaza ukuchazwa nje njengokuba khona kwimbembe), okanye ukuchasene nabantu basebanjwa (izenzo ezitshutshiswayo ukuba uluntu aluyi kuhlawulwa ).
Kumazwe afana neTexas, angenayo imithetho echasene ne-HIV, kukho izivakalisi ezibekwe kulabo abane-HIV abajongwa njengezixhobo.
Ngomnyaka we-2008, umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo, umntu ongenakhaya angagwetywanga ngokuphalaza iliso lepolisa, isenzo esinikezwe isigwebo sento-35-iminyaka ngenxa yesigwebo sikaTexas, kunye neminyaka eyi-10 Ukuhlaselwa okuhlaseleyo nge sixhobo "esibulalayo".
Imithetho Yephulophu kaGawulayo kaRhulumente
(Nceda uqaphele ukuba esi sikhokelo esilandelayo senzelwe ukubonelela ngokufutshane imigaqo ethile ye-HIV kwiphondo ngalinye, kwaye akufuneki isetyenziswe njengesithenjwa somthetho.
Uluhlu alubandakanyi imithetho okanye imimiselo ephathelele ukuhanjiswa kwesifo esicetywayo , apho kwezinye iindawo ziyakwazi ukuhlawulwa ngetyala kunye / okanye isigwebo sento. I-registry epheleleyo, ehlaziyiweyo ye-State Law Laws iyatholakala kwi-Intanethi kwi-CDC.)
| Lumente | Kuthathwa njengoluphulo-mthetho kubantu abane-HIV abasasazekayo | Ngaphandle | Felony |
| Alabama | Ukwazi ngokuzibandakanya kwizenzo ezingabonakalisa omnye umntu kwi-HIV. | Iklasi C | - |
| Alaska | Ubonisa umntu kumngcipheko okanye ukwesaba i-HIV ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho. | - | Ngamana angavumeleka isigwebo esongezelelweyo xa kwenzeka isigwebo sentyala |
| Arkansas | Kungabonakalisa omnye umntu kwi-HIV ngegazi okanye ngokusebenzisa isondo kunye okanye ngaphandle kwesilwanyana. | - | Iklasi A |
| Uhluleka ukutyhila isimo sakhe sengculaza kumgqirha okanye wamazinyo . | Iklasi A | - | |
| California | Ngokuqinisekileyo unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | - | Ukugwetywa ngesigwebo seminyaka emibili, emine, okanye emithandathu |
| Ihluleka ukudalula isimo sabo se-HIV, ngenjongo yokuthelela omnye umntu ngokulala ngesondo esingakhuselekanga . | - | Ukuhlawuliswa isigwebo seminyaka emithathu, emihlanu, okanye eyisibhozo | |
| Ibandakanya ubuhenyu emva kwesenzo esichaphazelekayo ngokwesondo. | - | Ewe | |
| Colorado | Nokuba ubambe ubuhenyu okanye ahloniphe ihenyukazi, enolwazi olupheleleyo ngesimo sabo se-HIV. | - | Iklasi 5/6 |
| Florida | Ubandakanyeka kwisondo ngaphandle kokuqala ukuchaza isimo sabo se-HIV kunye nokufumana imvume enolwazi. | Yesithathu degree | |
| Ngokuqinisekileyo unikela ngegazi, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | - | Yesithathu degree | |
| Jojiya | Ubandakanyeka kwisondo ngaphandle kokufumana imvume yokufumana ulwazi; izabelo zeesayili ; wenza ubuhenyu; okanye unikela ngomzimba wamanzi, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | - | Ukuhlawulwa ngokungaphaya kweminyaka engama-10 |
| Ukwenza ukuhlaselwa kwipolisa okanye igosa lokulungisa ngenjongo yokudlulisa i-HIV ngegazi, ummatha, okanye nayiphina imithombo yomzimba. | - | Ewe | |
| Idaho | Ngokuqinisekileyo unikela ngemzimbeni yomzimba, izitho okanye izicubu zomntu . | - | Ewe |
| Illinois | Mhlawumbi uchaza omnye umntu kwi-HIV ngokuqhagamshelana naye; unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu; okanye uthatha inxaxheba ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezingenasirha. | - | Iiklasi 2 |
| E-Indiana | Ngokuqinisekileyo unikela ngegazi okanye igciwane lesifo. | - | Icandelo C lokuqhuba umthetho kunye neCandelo A ukuba isasazo senziwa |
| Yenza ibhetri kwipolisa, igosa lolungiso, okanye nawuphi na umntu onomzimba okanye othungelwano lomzimba. | - | Iklasi D yokwenza ityala; Iklasi C ukuba loo mntu wayengazi ukuba umzimba ococekileyo okanye ucoceko unentsholongwane kaGawulayo; kunye neKlasi A xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwenzeka | |
| Iowa | Kungabonakalisa omnye umntu kwi-HIV ngesondo; umnikelo wamanzi omzimba, izitho okanye izicubu zomntu; okanye uthathe inxaxheba ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezibandakanyekayo. | - | Iklasi B |
| Kansas | Ngenjongo yenzelwe ukusulela omnye umntu ngesondo, ukwabelana ngeesaliti, okanye ukunikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | Iklasi A | - |
| EKentucky | Ubandakanya ubuhenyukazi, ukunyanzelisa ihenyukazi, okanye ukuzama ukunikela izitho okanye izicubu zabantu (kodwa kungekhona igazi) | - | Iklasi D |
| Louisiana | Kungenzeka ukuba umntu ufumane i-HIV ngesondo ngaphandle kokufumana imvume enolwazi, okanye enze umonakalo ngokuthi "ukutshiza, ukuxuma, ukugwaza ngento ecocekileyo kaGawulayo, okanye ukuphonsa igazi okanye ezinye izinto zomzimba" komnye umntu. | - | Ukuhlawulwa ngetyala elingabi ngaphezu kwama-5,000 e-$, okanye intolongo ixesha elifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-10. Ukuba ixhoba ligosa lokuthotyelwa komthetho, isigwebo singanyuswa. |
| Maryland | Ukuphazamisa ngokwasemthethweni okanye ukuzama ukusulela omnye umntu. | Ukuhlawulwa ngesivakalisi esingengaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu okanye intlawulo ye $ 2,500, okanye zombini | |
| EMichigan | Ibandakanya ukulala ngesondo (kufaka phakathi isondo ngomlomo) ngaphandle kokufumana imvume yokuqala. | - | Ewe |
| Mississippi | Ukwazi ngokucacileyo omnye umntu okanye Ubonisa igosa lokulungisa, isivakashi kwisibonelelo sokulungisa, okanye esinye isibanjwa | - | Felony |
| EMissouri | Ngokuqinisekileyo unikela ngegazi, izitho, okanye izicubu zabantu; okanye ukutyhila omnye kwi-HIV ngesondo ngaphandle kokufumana imvume enolwazi. | - | I-B B felony kunye neCandelo A ukuba isasazelo senzekile |
| Montana | Ukwazi ngokucacileyo omnye umntu kwi-HIV ngesondo. | Ewe | - |
| Nevada | Uyazi ngokuzibandakanya ukuziphatha okujoliswe okanye okunokwenzeka ukuhambisa i-HIV, okanye uhenyuzo emva kokuvavanya i-HIV. | - | Iklasi B |
| Enew Jersey | Ukuzibandakanya ngokwesondo ngokungenazo imvume yokuqala. | - | Yesithathu degree |
| Inew york | Ubandakanya ukulala ngesinye nomntu. | Ewe | - |
| North Carolina | Ngokuzithandela idlulisela umzi womzimba komnye umntu. | - | Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo |
| EOhio | Ukwazi ngokudlulisela igazi komnye umntu ngenjongo yokumpontshelwa igazi. | - | Isiqingatha sesine |
| E Oklahoma | Ubandakanya ubuhenyu okanye uyazibandakanya ekuqhubeni apho amanzi omzimba angadluliselwa komnye umntu. | - | Ukuhlawulwa ngesivakalisi esingengaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu |
| Ubonisa omnye umntu (kuquka iqabane elitshatileyo) kwi-HIV. | - | Ewe | |
| Pennsylvania | Ubangela omnye umbophelo kwisibonelelo sohlengahlengiso ukuze udibanisane namanzi akho omzimba | - | Idilesi yesi-2 (okanye ukubulawa kwe-2 kwinqanaba lokubanjwa ngumntu osesikweni okanye umgwebo wokugweba ubomi) |
| Ubandakanya ubuhenyukazi, uqhube umhenyukazi, okanye ukhuthaze uhenyukazi onentsholongwane kaGawulayo. | - | Yesithathu degree | |
| South Carolina | Uyazi ngokuzibandakanya ngesondo kunye nomnye umntu ngaphandle kokufumana imvume enolwazi kuqala; wenza ubuhenyu; uxhoxisa iqabane lomthetho ukuba lilale ngesondo; izabelo zeesayili; okanye unikele ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | - | Ukugwetywa ngesigwebo esingagqithanga iminyaka engama-10 okanye isohlwayo esingabi ngaphezu kwama-5,000 ayi-$ (nangona imvume enolwazi ingathi ithathwa njengento yokuxolelwa) |
| EMzantsi Dakota | Uhlanganyela kwisondo; unikela ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu; uthatha inxaxheba kwisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingenakunyumba; okanye ngenjongo yokubangela omnye ukuba adibanise negazi okanye isela. | - | Iklasi 3 |
| Tennessee | Uyazi ngokuzibandakanya "ulwalamano olunzulu" nomnye umntu; uthatha inxaxheba kwisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingenakunyumba; okanye unikele ngamanzi omzimba, izitho, okanye izicubu zomntu. | - | Iklasi C |
| Utah | Ubandakanya ubuhenyu okanye uqhubise ihenyukazi. | - | Yesithathu degree |
| EVirginia | Ngomdla ngokuzibandakanya ngesondo (kuquka u-sex oral) ngenjongo yokusulela omnye umntu okanye ukunikela ngamanzi, iziko, okanye izicubu zomntu | - | Iklasi 6 |
| Ukubandakanya ngesondo (kuquka u-sex oral) ngaphandle kokuchaza okokuqala isimo sabo se-HIV . | Iklasi 1 | Yesithathu degree | |
| EWashington | Injongo yokwenza umonakalo emzimbeni ngokutyhila okanye ukudlulisela i-HIV komnye umntu | - | Ukuhlaselwa kweklasi |
> Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "Yitsho iMithetho yeMithetho kaGawulayo." Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoJulayi 15, 2013.
> Isiko soMthetho weNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo, uMthetho weSizwe kunye neMibutho yaseburhulumenteni kunye noTshutshiso oluhlaziywe ngoMeyi 2015