Nangona uMthetho uvumela ukuTshintshiselwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, ukuPhathwa kweMpilo kuPhakathi
NgoNovemba 12, 2013, uMongameli uBarack Obama wasayinwa ngumthetho we- HIV Organ Policy Act (uMthetho weThemba) ovumela umnikelo we- HIV okanye iziphathamandla ezichaphazelekayo okanye (a) umntu ofumana i-HIV okanye (b) umntu othatha inxaxheba kwiphando lweklinikhi evumela ukusetyenziswa kwezigciwane ezinesifo se-HIV phantsi kwemimiselo nemigangatho ye-Hope Act.
I-Hope Act ichitshiyelwe uMthetho woTshintshiso lwe-Organ Amendments Act ka-1988, owawuthintela loo mnikelo ngenxa yokuxhalabisa malunga nokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi , ukusetyenziswa komzimba, ukungathandabuzeki kweminye, kunye neminye imiba eyayinokunciphisa inzuzo yoluphi utshintsho olunjalo. Umthetho omtsha ufika ngexesha apho isidingo sokuguquka kwesigidi ngokuqinisekileyo asizange sibe sikhulu, ngokukodwa ngokunyuka kwentlawulo yenhliziyo , isibindi, iinjongo kunye nezinye izifo ezichaphazela abantu abadala be-HIV .
Lo Mthetho uyavuma kwakhona ukuphumelela kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) ekuqinisekiseni ukunyanzeliswa kwe-HIV kwimbini kunye nommkeli, ukunciphisa iinkxalabo ezidlulileyo ezihambelana nokufakelwa kwe-HIV.
Umthetho osayilwayo, owacetywayo nguSenator Barbara Boxer waseCalifornia, wabonwa njengendlela yokunqanda ukuxhaswa kwabantu abangenayo i-HIV kwintlu yokulinda ilungu. Umlinganiselo wabangela isaziso ngoFebruwari 2016 ukuba i-John Hopkins School of Medicine iya kuba yikhungo sokuqala ukuqala ukuguquka komzimba kumntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwenye.
Kutheni i-Hope Act ibalulekile
Ngaphandle kokunciphisa uluhlu lwezinto zokulinda kunye nokujongana nemfuno ephezulu yeengxowa zomzimba ngaphakathi kwabantu abanesifo se-HIV, i-Hope Act ibonwa ngabaninzi njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuxhatshazwa kwexesha elide lokuxhatshazwa ngabantu abaphila ne-AIDS. Ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba, kule minyaka yeCART yosuku, ukwesaba ukuphindaphinda kufana nokuthelekiswa nenani lokufa elibangelwa ukuhluleka kwelungu le-HIV.
Kwangaphambili ukuya kwi-Hope Act, kwakungekho mthethweni nokuba ufunde ukufakelwa komzimba osuleleke kwi-HIV phantsi kwexesha lophando lwezonyango-ukubonakaliswa kwezesayensi ezimbi kunye nokwesaba okungabonakaliyo okwakubangelwa yimithetho emininzi ekukhuseleni "ukukhusela" uluntu jikelele ukuqonda kunye nokugxekwa kwamagazi egazi e-US)
Njengoko kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi, ukuguqulwa kwamalungu e-US kulawulwa kakhulu. Isizukulwana samanje, uvavanyo oluphezulu lwe-HIV luqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ongenayo i-HIV onokufumana ilungu kumntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Okwangoku, yonke iminikelo yombutho kunye nezicubu ihlolwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-HIV, i-hepatitis B (i-HBV) kunye ne- hepatitis C (i-HCV) ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo ye-US ye-Health Health (PHS) yo-1994 yokukhusela ukudluliselwa kwe-Virus Immunodeficiency Virus ngokusebenzisa iTransplantation.
Ukukhubazeka koMthetho wethemba oPhethweyo
NgoSeptemba 2014, abaphandi baseYunivesithi yasePennsylvania baqhube isifundo sokuqala kwimpembelelo yoMthetho weThemba, ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kwabafundi abangama-578 abafayo, abanezigulane ze-HIV njengabaxhasi bombutho.
Uphononongo olwenziwe ukuba lumelele kwi-pool yoluntu kwindawo yaseFiladelphia, yayinezigulane ezineminyaka engama-53 ubudala, i-68% yazo ibe yindoda kunye nabangama-73% abo baseAfrika-Amerika.
Ngomlinganiselo we- CD4 wama-319 kunye nemithwalo engabonakaliyo yentsholongwane , iqela libhekwa njengabanikeli abanokusebenza, kunye nezifo ezithintekayo kuphela (4); ezimbalwa ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo zonyango (2); kwaye ezimbalwa, kwisithuba esilandelayo seprotease inhibitor izidakamizwa zezidakamizwa ngexesha lokufa (6).
Ucwaningo, olwenziwe kwiNgqungquthela yesi-54 ye-Interscience kwi-Antimicrobial Agents kunye ne-Chemotherapy (i-ICAAC) eWashington, DC, yagqiba ukuba iqela lingaba neenkunzi ezisixhenxe kunye nezibonda ezisi-9 ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2014, uninzi lukhutshwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokufaneleka yokulungiswa komzimba . Ezi ziquka:
- 260 ngaphandle kokungabikho esibhedlele ngexesha lokufa kwabo.
- 87 engabandakanywa ukuba angenayo ingqondo yokufa kwengqondo.
- 75 ingabandakanywa ukuba ibe nesizathu esingaziwa sokufa.
- 70 engabandakanywa ukuba bangabikho unyango lwangonyango ngexesha lokufa kwabo.
- 63 engabandakanywa ngenxa yokuba engenawo umoya wokungenisa umoya.
- 13 engabandakanywa ukuba nesifo sikashukela, i-hypertension, i-HCV, i-cirrhosis, okanye isifo sesifo sesifo.
- 3 akhankanywe ukuba abe nokugula.
Ukongezelela, iikhompyutheni zeekhompyutheni zenzelwe i-50% yezinga lokuphumelela kwiingqungquthela zeengtso ezixhomekeke kumgangatho wezitho ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lokuxhaswa kwabanikiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, iirhafu zokusasaza kwesibindi seminyaka yesibindi zaba ngaphezulu-okanye-ngaphantsi ngokuhambelana noluntu jikelele (71% ngokumalunga no-74%, ngokulandelanayo).
Uphando olongezelelweyo luya kukwenza ukuba iipateni ezifanayo ziyabonakala kwabanye abantu abane-HIV, apho ukungena kwiimpawu ezinengxaki kaGawulayo kungenako ukuvelisa inani elinokubaluleka kwabanikeli abaphezulu.
Imithombo:
United States Congress. "S.330 - UMgaqo-nkqubo wezeMpilo we-HIV Umthetho we-1111 Congress (2013-2014)." EWashington, DC; Novemba 21, 2013.
ENew York Times. "UJohn Hopkins Wokwenza Okokuqala Ukutshintshwa Kwegciwane le-HIV e-US" Epapashwe ngoFebruwari 10, 2016.
IiNkonzo zeMpilo zikaRhulumente zase-US (PHS). "Izikhokelo zoMsebenzi wezeMpilo zikaRhulumente wase-US (PHS) ngo-1994 zokukhusela ukudluliselwa kwe-Virus Immunodeficiency Virus ngokusebenzisa iTransplantation." Ingxelo Yempilo Yoluntu. Julayi-Agasti 2013; Umqulu 128.
Richterman, A .; Lee, D .; Reese, P .; okqhubekayo. "Ukufaneleka kwe-HIV