Izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokuguga zibone iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 ngaphambili
Ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kubonakaliswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-immune isikhathi eside, apho umzimba uphendula kwisifo sengculaza ngokuvelisa izikhuselo ezikhuselayo kunye nama-pro-inflammatory proteins. Ukunyuswa komzimba kunye nokuqhubekayo, ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo okuchaphazelekayo ne-HIV kuthathwa njengabadlali abakhulu ekuguga, okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwangaphambili kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nokuguga.
Le nkqubo ikhawuleza ibizwa ngokuba yi- senescence ngaphambi kwesikhathi .
Ukuchaza ukuguga nokuguga kwangaphambili
Ukunyuka kwesantya kukuchazwa njengokuguga kwe-biological yomntu okanye umzimba ngexesha elingaphambili kunokuba lilindeleke okanye lifumaneke kuluntu jikelele.
Ukuthetha, ukuguga kubonakala ukuba umzimba wehlise amandla okujamelana noxinzelelo, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina i-stasis ye-biological (equilibrium), ngoxa ukwandisa umngcipheko wezifo ezinxulumene nokuguga ezifana ne-Alzheimer's or metabolic disorders. Ukuqala kwesantya kubonisa ukuba umzimba uguga kakuhle phambi kwexesha kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo unxulumene nomnye okanye amaninzi amanxusa okanye iziganeko.
Ukuguga okuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nokuqhaqhazeka okungapheliyo, okugqithisileyo-okubizwa ngokuba yi- inflammaging -yinto idlala indima ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwamaselula, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe komsebenzi wesisu. I-mechanics yokuguga ixutyushwa, ngokubanzi, ingenakukhunjulwa, nangona i-genetic, imvelo kunye neminyaka enxulumene neminyaka inokumisela ukuba umntu ulungele ukuguga nokufa.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ubukhulu besantya bunexesha elide linxulumene nokuvuvukala okungapheli okukhulu kunokuba kunamava emyingeni, umntu ophilileyo. Eli nqanaba eliphakamileyo lokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kunokubangela umonakalo oqokelelweyo kumgangatho weselula kunye nee-molecular, ukubeka iiseli ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative apho azinako ukukhupha umzimba okanye ukulungisa umonakalo.
Ukuvuvukala kungabangela umonakalo othe ngqo kwiijethi apho i-genetic coding yeeseli iguqulwa ngokupheleleyo-ngokugqithiseleyo ekufeni kweseli okanye ukuphuhliswa komdlavuza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iiseli ezichaphazelekayo ziyeke ukuhlula ngokupheleleyo, kunye nomzimba wonke.
Ukunyuka kwesantya kusenokubangelwa zizifo ezithile, kunye neziganeko zokuziphatha ezifana nokutshaya nokukhuluphala, okanye izinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nokungcola okanye ukutshabalaliswa kwamanzi.
I-Senescence yasekuqaleni kunye neNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Njengoko abantu abane-HIV banokulindela ukuba baphile ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuphila, banikwe ukuqaliswa kwe-ART ngokukhawuleza, kugxininise ngakumbi ekufakwe kwizifo ezininzi ezingenayo i-HIV ezinokuthi zibuyisele ezininzi zazo. Enyanisweni, kumazwe amaninzi athuthukileyo, izifo ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa kwe-immune-okubizwa ngokuba yi-opportunistic infections-ababasayi kubulala abantu abane-HIV.
Kunoko, i-cancer engahlobene ne-AIDS namhlanje ithathwa njengeyona nto ibangela ukufa kwabantu abane-HIV eNtshona Melika naseYurophu, eninzi ifunyanwe iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 ngaphambi kohlobo lwabangenayo. Ngokufanayo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ehambelana nokuguga kubonakala kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiminyaka engama-46 ubudala, ngelixa ubudala be- myocardial infractions (intliziyo yezilwanyana) zimelele kwiminyaka engama-49-eyisixhenxe ukuya kwiminyaka engama-16 ngaphambili kwebesilisa nabasetyhini abangakhuselekanga.
Nangona i-HIV ilawulwa kakuhle ngendlela yokwelashwa kwe- antiretroviral (ART) , abantu abanesifo se-HIV bahlala bexhomekeke ekuhambeni kokuqala kwezigulo ezihambisana nokuguga, nangona kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu.
Izigulane ezine-ART zangaphambili kunye ne- CD4 nedir ephezulu zibonakala ziphantsi komthwalo ongaphantsi wokuvuvukala okungapheliyo kunezo ziqala ukwelashwa kwexesha, ngelixa izigulane ezinokulawulwa kwintsholongwane eqhubekayo zibhekwa zingekho phantsi kwezinto ezinobungozi obudala kunabantu abangakhange baphathwe okanye bangakwazi ukuphumeza ukunyanzelwa kwegciwane.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nonyango , ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulibazisa ukuguga kwangaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo kubonwa ngabantu abanexesha elide le-HIV.
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