Kukho inani lezitshixo eziphambili ezinconywayo kubantu abadala abaphila ne- HIV . Nangona iinqununu zifana nalabo abangenayo igciwane, i-HIV ngezinye izihlandlo inganciphisa ukuphumelela kwamagciwane athile, ngokukodwa kulabo abanamasosha omzimba athathaka, kwaye, njengokuba kunjalo, bangadinga ukulungiswa kwezilwanyana okanye ezinye izinto.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo akufanele bagonwe ngamagciwane athile.
Ezi zitofu ezisebenzisa uhlobo oluthathaka lwegciwane eliphilayo, elibangelwa zizifo ukulungiselela impendulo ye-immunologic. Ixhalaba kukuba nokuba i-virus ephosakeleyo inokubangela izifo kulabo abanezikhuselo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselweyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iintsholongwane eziqhelisa intsholongwane engasebenzi (okanye "ibulawe") ayibonakali yengozi kumntu okhuselweyo. Kukho, ngaphandle koko, kodwa nakubantu abaneempembelelo ezikhuselekileyo zamagciwane, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba iigciwane lokubulala igciwane likhethwe ngaphezu kwezinto ezikhethiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshulwa komkhuhlane kuyamkeleka kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo (ukususela kwindlela yokubulawa kwegciwane). i-sprays ye-nasal efana ne-FluMist ayinjalo (njengoko ihambisa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza).
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa ezinye iigonyo zinconywa kubo bonke abantu abadala abaphila ne-HIV, abanye banconywa kuphela kulabo bacinga ukuba basengozini enkulu kwizifo ezithile-mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuhamba, ubudala, okanye ukunyuka kwamazinga okusuleleka kubantu abasengozini.
Kwaye, njengokuba uvavanyo lwebhu kunye nazo zonke iifom zezokwelapha, kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine ikopi yakho yokugcina igciwane kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Iigcini ezinconywayo eziphakanyisiweyo kubantu abadala abaneNTSholongwane kaGawulayo, iminyaka eyi-18 yobudala okanye ubudala
| Uhlobo lweNtsholongwane | Isistim | I ngcebiso |
I-Hepatitis A (HAV) | Uchungechunge lwama-dose amabini anikezelwe ngaphezu kwexesha elilodwa okanye eli-1.5 leminyaka | Kunconywe kubasebenzi bezempilo, amadoda alala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) , abasebenzisa iziyobisi ze-injection (i-IDUs), abantu abanesifo esingasasigxina sesifo sesibindi, kunye nabantu abahamba kwiindawo zehlabathi ezinezinga eliphezulu ze-HAV (ubuncinane ezimbini kwiiveki ezine ukuhamba). |
I-Hepatitis B (HBV) | Iingqungquthela ezimbini, ezintathu, okanye ezine-dose kwinyanga yesine ukuya kweyesithandathu | Kunconywe kubo bonke abantu abadala abane-HIV ngaphandle kokuba kukho ubungqina bokhuseleko (ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane) okanye intsholongwane echaphazelekayo. Iimvavanyo zegazi kufuneka zenziwe emva kokugonywa ukuba zikhangele ukuba impendulo ye-HBV yokukhusela i-antibody iyanele . Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneke iifotshane ezongezelelweyo. |
Uchungechunge lwee-three dose ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye iinyanga ezi-4 ngaphezu komnyaka omnye | Ingasetyenziswa kulabo abafuna i-HAV ne-HBV. | |
I-Haemophilus Influenzae Uhlobo B (i-HiB) | Ishot enye | Ingathathwa ingqalelo kubantu abaxhatshazwa ngumzimba omngcipheko kumngcipheko ophezulu kule ntsholongwane yentsholongwane ye-bacteria (kubandakanywa ne-bacterial meningitis). Xoxa nodokotela wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo. |
Iingqungquthela zee-three dose ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu | Kunconywe kubafana abancinci abaneminyaka engama-21, abasetyhini abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-26, amadoda alala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM), abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo ngokumalunga nama-26 ukuba bebengagonyanga ngokupheleleyo xa beselula. Akukhuthazwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. | |
Umthamo omnye ngonyaka | Kunconywe kubo bonke abantu abadala abane-HIV, nangona imithi yokugonya igciwane kufuneka ilawulwe. Gwema izitofu zentsholongwane. | |
Umtshini omnye okanye amabini | Kunconywe ngabantu abadala abaneengxelo ze-CD4 ngaphezu kweeseli / mL 200. Akufuneki kubantu abazalelwa ngaphambi kowe-1957. Kunconywe kubafundi beekholejini okanye abantu abahamba kwiindawo zehlabathi eziye zanda iireyithi zezifo ezizalwe yi-bacteria (kubandakanywa nokuqhathaniswa kwe-meningococcal meningitis). Ngamana kufuneka uphinde kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuba usesichengeni intsholongwane. | |
I-pneumococcal (i-bacneia pneumonia) | Umtshini omnye okanye amabini | Kunconywe kubo bonke abantu abadala abaneNTSholongwane kaGawulayo emva koko emva kokuba i-HIV ifumaneke, ngaphandle kokuba ugonyo lwenzeke kwiminyaka emihlanu. Ukuba ukugonywa kunikwa xa inani le-CD4 lomntu lingaphantsi kweeseli ze-200 / mL, uphinde ugonwe xa i-CD4 count ingaphezu kweeseli 200 / mL. Phinda ixesha elinye emva kweminyaka emihlanu. |
Ishot enye | Phinda rhoqo iminyaka eyi-10. | |
ITetanus, iDiphtheria kunye nePertussis (Tdap) | Ishot enye | Kunconywe kubo bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-64 ubudala okanye abatsha kwaye kufuneka banikezwe endaweni ye-Td booster elandelayo. Unokunikezwa kungekudala emva kweminyaka emibili emva kokugqibela kwe-Td booster kubasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabantu abasondelelene nabantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12. |
Iingqinisiso zamabini amabini kwiiveki ezi-ezine ukuya kwezibhozo | Kunconywe ngabantu abadala abaneengxelo ze-CD4 ngaphezu kweeseli / mL 200. Akufuneki ukuba umntu azalwe ngaphambi kowe-1980. Akunconywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Njengokugonywa okugwenxa, akufanele kusetshenziswe kubantu abane-CD4 izibalo ngaphantsi kwama-cell cell // mL. |
> Imithombo:
> Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (DHHS). "Kunconywe ukugonywa kwe-HIV kubantu abadala." EWashington, DC; Julayi 1, 2014.
> Amasebe ase-US okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) yezifo. "I-Hepatitis A FAQs for Professionals of Health." Atlanta, Georgia; Julayi 8, 2014.
> Amasebe ase-US okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) yezifo. "Ukuthintela nokuLawula iHaemophilus influenzae Uhlobo b Izifo: Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi ngeZenzo zokuNgcwaba (ACIP)." Ukufa kunye nokuLawulwa kweeNgxelo zeveki nganye (MMWR). NgoFebruwari 28, 2014; 63 (RR01): 1-14.
> Amasebe ase-US okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) yezifo. "IVVV Vaccines." Atlanta, Georgia; Julayi 8, 2014.
> Amasebe ase-US okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) yezifo. "Iikhompyutheni eziPhakanyisiweyo zokuSebenza kweMithi yeConicocc Conjugate Vaccines. IKomidi eliPhakamisayo kwiMigangatho yokuViliswa (ACIP), 2010." Ukufa kunye nokuLawulwa kweeNgxelo zeveki nganye (MMWR). NgoJanuwari 28, 2011; 60 (03): 72-76.