Xa umzali eva amazwi "ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuqhubeka", kukho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kunye nokuxhalaba. Yiyiphi ilahleko yokuphulaphulwa kweendlebe? Kuthetha ntoni oko kum umntwana wam? Kwimiqathango ephambili, ukulahlekelwa kwintetho eqhubekayo yilapho ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe (okulula okanye okunye) kuye kwafunyaniswa kwaye kuya kuba nzima. Kubantwana abancinci abangenakukwazi ukutshintsha ukutshintsha kwintetho yabo, abazali kufuneka baxelelwe ngohlobo lweempawu zokubukela oko kungabonisa utshintsho kwiindlebe zokuvalelwa, ukwazi iziganeko zobungozi kunye nezizathu ezinokubangela, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane kunye i-audiologist yezilwanyana ukuba bahlolisise indlebe yengane yabo.
Izinto zobungozi
Yaziwa
Imiba eninzi eyaziwayo yengozi yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekuphumeni kwabantwana. Abambalwa nje kubandakanya ukuhlala kwintsapho kunye nembali yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okanye ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba kwentloko okanye indlebe. Ukuba umama ufumana izifo ezithile xa ekhulelwe okanye xa ebeletha, oko kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni kokuva.
Nangona iimeko zokuvalelwa kwintsana zintsholongwane "eziqhelekileyo," iCommittee Joint on the Child's Hearing icebisa ukuba nayiphi na isana esandulayo esinezizathu ezinobungozi bokuphulukana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kufuneka zivavanywe phambi kokuba umntwana uneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana usenokuba nokulahleka kwindlebe ebonakalayo engapheliyo eyaphazamiseka emva kokuzalwa.
Nga qi ni
Kuqhutywe isifundo kunye nabantwana abazalwa nge- cytomegalovirus (i-CMV), isifo esaziwayo sokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Abaphandi kulolu cwaningo bafuna ukubona ukuba ngaba bangazibona naziphi izinto ezikhethekileyo ezingabakhonza "njengesilumkiso" ukuba umntwana usengozini yokuphucula ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Okokuqala, abaphandi bajonga iinkcukacha ezingama-21 iintsana ezizalwe phakathi kowe-1994 no-1998 ukujonga ukuba ubuninzi be-CMV babakho kwi-urine yabo ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Phantse emibini kwiminyaka kamva, iintsana ezifanayo zalandelwa ukuba zibone ukuba ngaba kukho nayiphi na into eyenze ilahlekelwe yilahleko. Eyesithoba kwale ntsana yavelisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ezi zithoba ezisezintwaneni zine-CMV emanzini abo xa zisezinsana. Ababhali beencwadi baziva ukuba iziphumo zibonise "ubudlelwane obalulekileyo" phakathi kwexabiso le-CMV emcinini kunye nokuphuhliswa kokulahlekelwa kweendlebe.
Iimpawu
Imindeni nabantwana abanokuphulukana nokuvalelwa kwezinto ezivelayo baye baqaphela izimpawu ezithile: I- audiogram yomntwana ishintshela ngakumbi, okanye umntwana wabo akabonakali ukuva oko umntwana asetshenziselwa ukukwazi ukuthetha, okanye intetho yomntwana iyatshintsha.
Izizathu
Iintsana zingazalwa ngegciwane le-cytomegalovirus, eyaziwa ngokubangela ukuba ilahleko yokuva iqhubekele phambili. Kubantwana, kusenokubangelwa yimicimbi yokufa, njengeConnexin 26 ; uphando oluthile lufumene iimeko zokulahleka kwendlebe ekuqhubekeni xa iConnexin 26 ikhona. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa i-PRPS1 yemfuyo emadodeni, i-gene edibene ne-DFN2, isizathu esingaqhelekanga sokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya ezinye i-syndromes, ezifana ne-Pendred syndrome, i-Alport syndrome, kunye ne- Usher syndrome . Ukuzalwa kwama-Congenital (ekuzalweni) iingxaki, ezifana nokungahambi kakuhle kweendlebe zangaphakathi, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwendlebe. I-Mondini syndrome yinto elolo hlobo.
Uphando
Ngaba zikhona iindlela zokumisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekuqhubekeni kwintsana?
Mhlawumbi. Izifundo ezimbini ezincinci zentsholongwane ze-CMV zibonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-ganciclovir inokukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe. Isifundo sokuqala sabandakanya iintsana ezithoba, ezisihlanu zazo sele zinelahleko lokuva. Ezi ntsana zanikezwa inhlanganisela ye-graniclovir yomlomo. Isiphumo sokuba iminyaka emibini kamva, akukho nanye yabantwana abaye bafumana ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekuqhubela phambili, kwaye ezimbini iintsana zabuya ziva kwakhona.
Kwiseshoni yesibini, abantwana abangama-25 banikezelwa i-ganciclovir engama-intanvenous kwiiveki ezintandathu. Xa abantwana behlolwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu ubudala, abazange bafumane ukulahlekelwa kwintetho.
Nangona kunjalo, xa abantwana bebancinci abaneminyaka engama-ubudala ubudala, abahlanu babo baye bahlakulela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Abaphandi abaphandle bazibuza ukuba ngaba ixesha elide lonyango elingaphezulu kweeveki ezintandathu liza kuthintela ukuba loo ntwana emihlanu ibe nelahleko lokuva.
Unyango
Abantwana abanokuphulukana nokuphulaphulwa kweendlebe bangaphathwa ngee- hearing aid okanye iziplantshi ezikhethiweyo .
Ziyimpumelelo kangakanani iimplantshi ezichanekileyo njengonyango? Isifundo saseBrithani senziwa ngabantwana abasixhenxe ababenokuphulukana kwendlebe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuva. Abantathu kubantwana bafumana iimpembelelo ezinje njengabantwana abancinci, kwaye abanye abane bawathatha njengabaselula. Abanye babantwana babenokulahlekelwa indlebe kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba bafumane ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa abanye bezelwe ngokulahlekelwa kwindlebe eqhubela phambili ukuya kwizithulu ezinzulu, okubangelwa iimfuno ezifunekayo. Emva kokumiselwa, bonke abafana abasixhenxe banemiphumo emihle. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa indlela enokubakho yabantwana abaye bavalelwa ngabasebenzisi bezoncedo abanezakhono zokucwangcisa kakuhle, ukwenza kakuhle kakuhle iziplantshi ze-cochlear.
Imithombo:
Ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe ezihlobene nobudala. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm
Ngaphandle kweNtsana yokuva Ukuvavanya: Ukuqaphela izibonakaliso zexesha elide lokuva ukulahlekelwa kweentsha kunye nabantwana abaselula. Abafundi beSikolo soPhando lweSizwe saseKapa http://www.babyhearing.org/Audiologists/factSheets/LateOnsetArticle.pdf.
I-Cochlear implantation yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuqhubeka. IiNgcaciso zeZifo ebuntwaneni 88.8 (ngo-Agasti 2003): p708 (4).
Imiba ephakamileyo yobungozi bokulibaziseka, ukuhlaziywa kwexesha elide kunye / okanye ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuqhubeka. KwiSebe lezeMpilo laseVermont. healthvermont.gov/family/hearing/documents/riskfactors.pdf
Kennedy, uSara. Ifom eNdleleni: Iindleko zokuLawula eziqhubekayo kunye namazwi. http://www.handsandvoices.org/articles/misc/prog_loss.html
Ukuguqulwa kweeMisebenzi kwiNkqubo ye-PRPS1 iGenesis Uhlobo lwe-Nonsyndromic Sensorineural deafness, DFN2. I-American Journal ye-Human Genetics, uMqulu 86, Issue 1, 65-71, 17 Disemba 2009. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297 ?09)00530-8. Kufike ngoJulayi 2011.
Ukuqhelana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kubantwana abane-symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus. Iingcali 110.4 (Oktobha 2002): p762 (6).
Ukuthintela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngenxa ye-CMV. (Intlanganiso ye-ID) (i-congenital cytomegalovirus). IiNdaba zeMpilo 38.7 (Julayi 2004)
Ingxelo kunye neNcomelo: UNIDCD Workshop kwi-Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Hearing Loss. ISikole saZwelonke ngeNtlupheko kunye nezinye iingxaki zoNxibelelwano. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/funding/programs/hb/cmvwrkshop.htm.
Ukuhlaziywa nguMelissa Karp, Au.D.