Iimpawu kunye neNyango
Kuvakala ukwesabisa, kodwa i-macular hole ingumngcipheko welihlo lakho. I-macula yindawo ekhethekileyo ye- retina ephakathi esinika ithuba lokubona iinkcukacha ezilungileyo. Sisebenzisa imbono yethu kunye nombindi ophakathi ukujonga izinto ezinzulu xa ufunda okanye uqhuba. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, izimbobo ze-macular zingabangela ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kombono ophakathi.
Iimpawu
Izimbobo zeMacular zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni, ungabona iileta ezilahlekileyo ngexesha ufunda, uphazamisa umbono okanye umbono ongundoqo osibonayo kwelinye iliso. Iingqameko ezichanekileyo zingabonakala zikhotyiwe okanye ziwashi. Kwiimeko eziphambili, unokuba nexabiso elikhulu lokulahlekelwa kombono okanye uqaphele indawo engekho kumbono wakho.
Izizathu
Umqolo wecala liso lizaliswe nge-gel-like substance ebizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous. I-vitreous ilandelwe kwi-retina kwiindawo ezithile ngamacu amancinci. Njengoko sibudala, i-vitreous iqala ukutyhafaza kwaye idibane. Xa oko kuqala ukuba kwenzeke, i-vitreous ingasuka kwi-retina. Abantu abaninzi abadala abakubonanga le nkqubo (eyinto eqhelekileyo) kodwa abantu abambalwa bafumana " iipulati " ezingena kunye nangaphandle kombono wazo. Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha i-gel isuka kude kwi-macula, kwakhona, ebangela imingxuma ye-macular. Kwezinye iimeko, iimbumba ezincinci ezibophelelwe kwi-retina zinokukrazula i-macula kwaye zenze i-macular hole.
I-Fluid inokuqokelela kwaye ibangele imbono ephosakeleyo okanye ephosakeleyo.
Iintlobo zee-Macular Holes
Imingxuma yamacandelo ibalwa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Kukho amanyathelo amathathu omngxuma we-macular:
- Isigaba soku-1 (i-macular cyst): I-pitular macular ngezinye ivele ngathi i-cyst yellow yellow. Ukufika kuma-50% ama-cysts ama-macular ahamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-macula iya kubuya kwinto evamile.
- Isigaba sesi-2 (isiqalo sokuqala se-macular): I-cyst iqala ukuthatha i-oval, i-crescent okanye i-horseshoe shape. Umbono uqala ukuhla, ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ukufika kwi-70% yesigaba se-2 imigodi yophuhliso kwisigaba 3.
- Isigaba sesi-3 (isiqalo esipheleleyo se-macular hole): Isigaba sesi-3 sichazwa ngobukhulu bayo. Abantu abanamaqonga emigangatho yesithathu bavame ukuvelisa iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zembono. Izigxobo ze-macular ze-Stage 3 zichazwe ngumbombo weethambo eziphakamileyo.
- Isigaba sesi-4: Isigaba sesi-4 se-macular sifana nesigaba sesi-3 kodwa isigulane sinomsebenzi wesithuba esiphambili.
Unyango lweMacular Hole
Ukuba i-macular hole ayibangelwa yi-trauma okanye ivela kunye nezinye izifo zeso, umgobo ungaphathwa ngethuba elifanelekileyo lokuphumelela. Izimbobo ezininzi ezinkulu nakwi-macular ziye zinciphisa amathuba okunyanga.
Imingxuma ye-macular yamandulo ihlolwe ngumntu optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist. Udokotela wakho wezilanga angasebenzisa i-Amsler Grid ukujonga umbono wakho ophakathi. Ugqirha lakho kwamehlo linokuphucula amehlo akho kwaye lithathe iifoto zedijithali. I-teknoloji entsha entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi- optical coherence tomography ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuqhubela phambili kwisigaba 2 se-macular hole.
Isigaba sesi-2 okanye i-macular hole iqhutywe ngokuqhutywa ngunyango owenziwe nguchwepheshe we-retinal.
Uninzi lwabasebenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamaziko angama-macular azungeze ukususa i-gel ye-vitreous nokuyifaka igesi ekhethekileyo. Eli gesi linamacangca e-macula kunye nokuvumela ukuphilisa. (Olu hlobo lonyango lwegesi ludinga ukuba ubambe intloko yakho kwindawo ejongene nendawo ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 kuxhomekeke kumgqirha.Uphando okwangoku uhlola ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani le nyathelo, njengoko kunzima kumguli.)
ILizwi
Ukuba uhlakulela i-macular hole kwelinye iliso, unokufumana amathuba angama-30 okuphuhlisa enye kwelinye iliso. Ukuba unemingxuma ye-macular kwelinye iso kunye nelinye iliso linomgca wecala elingasemva, ithuba lakho lokuvelisa enye ingxuma eqala ukuhla.
Ukuba ubona naluphi utshintsho kwimbono wakho ophakathi, jonga ugqirha lakho kweso . Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kwaye unyango lwe-macular lubaluleke kakhulu kwisiphumo esihle.
Umthombo:
Sowka, Joseph W, Andrew S Gurwood kunye no-Alan G Kabat. I-Handbook ye-Ocular Disease Management, isongezelelo sokuhlaziywa kwe-Optometry, iphepha 35-36, 15 APR 2010.