Ingqondo ine-4 lobes kwicala ngalinye. Ziyi-lobe yangaphambili, i-lobe ye -temporal , i-lobe ye-pariet kunye ne- lop occitalital . Ezi mimandla zenza imisebenzi ethile kwaye naluphi na ukugula okulimaza indawo yengqondo kubangele ukungonakali kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngummandla wengqondo.
Imisebenzi ye-Frontal Lobe
I-lobe yangaphambili i-lobe ekhulu kakhulu yengqondo, ephuma phambi kweengqondo malunga nesiqingatha indlela eya kumqolo wengqondo.
Inoxanduva lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba kunye nengqiqo (yokucinga).
Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-lobe yangaphambili iquka ukuzenza izigqibo, ukuzithiba, ukuqwalasela, ukulawulwa kwemimiselo, ukucinga okuphezulu kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki.
Kukho ukungafani phakathi kwe-lobes yangasese nangobunxele. Umva we-lobe wangaphambili ngummandla obizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wemoto, olawulayo kwaye uqondise ukuhamba komzimba ngokuzithandela (okunenjongo). Ukulawula umbhobho wamashishini asekhohlo ukuhamba kwinqanaba elincinane lomzimba, ngelixa ulawulo lwezithuthi zomnxeba olulungileyo lusekhohlo lomzimba.
Ukongezelela, kukho imisebenzi elawulwa kakhulu yilo lobe yangasese okanye i-lobe yangaphambili. I-lobe yangasese ekhohlo ibandakanyeka kulwimi, ukucinga okunengqiqo kunye nengqiqo, isayensi kunye nezibalo kunye nokukwazi ukucombulula iingxaki. I-lobe yangaphambili ye-front ibandakanyeka ngobuchule, ukucinga, intuition, ukwazi, umculo kunye nobugcisa.
Ukulimala kwi- lobe yangaphambili kunokuphazamisa ingqalelo, ukukhuthazwa, ukukwazi ukuhleleka. kunye nesigwebo. Izigulane ezinomonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe zingabonakalisa nokuziphatha okungachukumisi okanye okubangelwa yingozi.
Izizathu
Ukulimala kwi-lobe yangaphambili kudla ngokubangela ukubetha kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic (TIAs), eyaziwayo njenge-mini-strokes.
Oku kwenzeka xa igazi ligeleza kwenye yeemitha zegazi ezinika igazi kwindawo yelobe yangaphambili iphazamisekile okanye igule.
Ezinye izizathu zokulimala okanye ukulimala kwi-lobe yangaphambili zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Isifo sengqondo se-Vascular - uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo sokubangelwa kwengqondo ebangelwa yimpembelelo emininzi yemivimbo emincinane
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Umvakalelo yokitazo
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo se-Alzheimer - uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo sokubangelwa yi-neurons
- Stroke
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic yexesha elifutshane (TIAs)
- Isisu sobumba
- Izifo
- Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zomonakalo kwi-lobe yangaphambili zihluka ngenxa yokuba kuninzi imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-lobes yangaphambili. Ezi zimpawu zingabandakanya enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye kwelinye icala lobuso
- Ukuwa
- Ukungakwazi ukulungisa ingxaki
- Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule
- Isigwebo
- Ingqondo eyancitshiswayo yokutya okanye iphunga
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Utshintsho ku ziphatha
- Ukuqwalaselwa okufutshane, ukuphazamiseka lula
- Ukunciphisa intshukumo yesondo okanye iimpawu zesondo ezikhethekileyo
Ukulimala kwi-lobes yangaphambili kunye nexesha elidala kubangele iintlobo zemeko yokugula komzimba kunye neengxaki ze-frontotemporal. Njengoko i-neurons e-frontal ne-temporal lobes yonakaliswe, iiseli zengqondo zithinteka (zishisa.) Ngexesha, umonakalo ubangela ubunzima ekucingeni, ukulawula imizwa , ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa, ukukhathazeka ukuthetha kunye nokuziphatha okungavamile.
Ukuxilongwa
Xa uhlangothi olubangela ukulimala kwangaphambili kwelobe, ngokuqhelekileyo i- Brain CT okanye i-Brain MRI iyona vavanyo elungileyo ukufumanisa i-lobe yangaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho enye imbangela, njengomdementi okanye ingqungquthela , ukuvavanywa kobuchopho beengqondo kungabonakali umonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe. Ukuvavanya umonakalo kwi-lobe yangaphambili, ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological. Uvavanyo luya kubandakanya inkulumo, izakhono zezithuthi, ukuziphatha kwezentlalo, ukuzithengisa, ukulawula umtsalane, imemori, ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nolwimi.
Unyango
Unyango kunye nokulungiswa komonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe kunokukunceda ufikelele ekuphuculeni umsebenzi.
Ukubuyiswa kwakhona kuya kubandakanya ukuqiniswa kwezakhono ezikhoyo kunye nokuhlawulela izakhono ezilahlekileyo. Ugxininiso luya kufakwa ekulawuleni iimvakalelo kunye nokuphelisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo.
IiHemispheres zeBrain
Ingqondo iqulethe i-hemispheres ezimbini, ekhohlo kunye nelungelo. Sekunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi i-lobe yangaphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-hemisphere, enokudideka.
Isi sigama sokudideka sisuka ekubeni ingqondo yokuqala iqhubekile njengama-hemispheres amathathu, okanye amacandelo, ngaphambi kokuzalwa: i-forebrain, midbrain kunye ne-hindbrain. Elinye lala macandelo athuthukayo linemisebenzi ethile.
Umsebenzi we-hindbrain kukulawula ukuphefumula kunye nentliziyo. I-midbrain, esecaleni eliphambili lobuchopho, lilawula izenzo ezinjengokunyuka kwamehlo kunye nezinye izinto zokuzithandela. I-forebrain, inkulu kunye nenxalenye ephucukisiwe kakhulu yengqondo, ukulawula iimvakalelo zengqondo kunye nezimpendulo, ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyeki, iipatheni zokulala, imemori kunye nokukwazi ukuququzelela. I-forebrain iyahlukana ngokuphindwe ngamacandelo amabini, okanye i-hemispheres, ezifumaneka ngqo ngasempilweni.
ILizwi
Naluphina uhlobo lomonakalo wengqondo lunokubangela ukuba uxinzeleleke kakhulu. Ingaba wena okanye umntu othandayo unobungozi kwi-lobe yangaphambili, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba abantu banokufumana isantya sokubuyisela, kuxhomekeke kwimbangela yomonakalo.
Izifo ezinjenge-dementia kunye nezifo ze-Parkinson zidla ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaye amayeza anokunceda ukuphucula ukuqhubela phambili, kodwa ayikwazi ukuguqula isifo.
Ezinye izimbangela zomonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe, njenge-stroke, ingqungquthela, kunye nokusuleleka, kufuneka zizinze kwaye zize ziphuculwe ngokuhamba kwexesha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Neural Correlates yokunganakwa: I-Frontal-Prefrontal ne-Parietal Cortical- ii-Circortical Circuits, i-Moretti R, i-Signori R, i-Neurosci yangaphambili yokuguga. Ngo-2016 uMdluli 9; 8: 289