Iimpawu, unyango, kunye nokuphila kwezifo ze-Parkinson
Yintoni isifo sikaParkinson kwaye ziziphi iimpawu? Kufunyanwa njani ukuxilongwa kunye naluphi unyango olukhoyo? Yintoni omele uyiqonde ngokuphila imihla ngemihla ngesifo?
Sibanzi
Isifo se-Parkinson sisifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba ngumgqirha waseBrithani, uJames Parkinson, owokuqala ngokucacileyo ukuchaza iimpawu zayo ngo-1817. Izibonakaliso ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zintlanzi (ukuthuthumela okuvame ukuqala ngakwesinye icala), ukunyanzela kwi trunk okanye izitho, nokuthoba ntshukumo.
Ingxaki eqhubekayo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba iya kuba nzima kakhulu kwiminyaka. Kodwa unyango olutsha luvela kuma-PD oluthembisa ukunciphisa iimpawu eziphazamisayo kakhulu zesifo.
Ukukhula
Isifo se-Parkinson (PD) sichaphazela malunga nesigidi abantu baseMelika naseCanada. Amadoda akwazi ukufumana iPP ngaphezu kwabasetyhini.
Izizathu
Siye safunda ngawo-1950 ukuba i-PD ihambelana nokungabikho komthunywa we-chemical dopamine kwiindawo zokuhamba zengqondo, nakuba sifunda ukuba imbangela yesifo se-Parkinson yinkimbinkimbi kwaye iquka iinkqubo ezingahambelani ne-dopamine (engekho i-dopaminergic processes) njengokuba.
Nangona siyazi ngemingcipheko ephakamisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa eso sifo, awaziwa kakuhle ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza njani kubangela isifo.
Izinto zobungozi
Nangona phantse nawuphi na umntu onokufumana isifo sikaParkinson, abanye abantu basengozini yokwandisa eso sifo. Izizathu zeRisk asithethi ukuba umntu uza kufumana isifo sikaParkinson, kuphela ukuba basengozini enkulu.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isininzi se-Parkinson sisifo semvelaphi ebonakalayo, oku kuthetha ukuba mhlawumbi izinto ezihlukeneyo zisebenza kunye ukuze zenze utshintsho lwengqondo olujongene nePD. Izifo zengozi ye-Parkinson ziquka:
- Ubudala - isifo sika-Parkinson siqhelekileyo (kunye nama-75 ekhulwini abantu abahlakulela isifo emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60) ukuya kwi-80 ubudala, xa sele kungaphantsi koko
- Ukwabelana ngesondo - Amadoda akwazi ukuvelisa isifo sikaParkinson kunabesifazane
- Uhlanga - iiCaucasus ziyakwazi ukuphakamisa iPP kunamaAfrika aseMerika
- I-Genetics - Ukuba nembali yentsapho ye-PD kwandisa ingozi ethile, kwaye i-gene gene ngokukhethekileyo idibaniswa nokuqala kwesifo sikaParkinson
- Ukuboniswa kwezinye iichiza ezinobuthi
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni (ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezikhuthazo ezinefuthe kwi-dopamine engqondweni)
- Abantu ababenokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
Iimpawu
Ekubeni i-dopamine ivame ukulawula umsebenzi we-muscle, isifo sika-Parkinson sithintela kakhulu ukunyakaza. Nangona kunjalo kukho ezinye iimpawu ezingekhoyo imoto (ezinxulumene nonxulumene), ngokunje, njengeengxaki zesimo sengqondo, ukulala, ukucinga nokuthetha.
Iimpawu zeklasi eziqhelekileyo zesifo sikaParkinson ziquka:
- Ukunyameka kwentambo - Igama elithi bradykinesia lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza oku kuhamba kancinci
- Ukuphumla kweentuthuko - Ezi zintathu zokuphumla nazo zibizwa ngokuba "iipilisi-rolling" njengokuba zibonakala ngathi umntu ubeka ipilisi ezandleni zabo
- Ubunzima
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-Parkinson zivame ukuba zizibonakaliso ezingekho iimoto, kwaye ezi ziyakwenzeka ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba izifo zesifo se-Parkinson zibonakale.
Ezi zimpawu zokuqala ezingekho iimoto zesifo sikaParkinson ziquka:
- Ukulahlekelwa ngcamango yokuphosa (ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yokungasebenzi)
- Ukutyunjwa
- Iingxaki zokulala ziquka uhlobo olulodwa lokulala okungavamile okubizwa ngokuba yi-REM yokukhubazeka kokuziphatha. Ukuphazamiseka kwesi sifo kubandakanya abantu abane-PD ngokusemthethweni baphatha amaphupha abo; ukubetha okanye ukukhaba okanye umlingane wokulala ekuphenduleni oko kwenzekayo kumaphupha abo
Ukongeza kwiingxaki zokulala, ezinye iimpawu ezingekho iimoto zesifo se-Parkinson zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathala
- Iingxaki zemizi - Ukufikelela kwisiqingatha sabantu abane-PD bahlakulela ukudakumba okukhulu kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-40 zihlupheke ngenxa yengxaki yokuxhalabisa
- Ukungasebenzi kunye neengxaki zememori
Iingxaki zeNtetho zesifo se-Parkinson zininzi, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu kuluntu, kuba xa zidibaniswe ne " ubuso obunxibekileyo " besifo sikaParkinson kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba ngubani umntu onentsapho yePD. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo , iingxaki zokuvuthwa , kunye nokungasebenzi kwesondo.
Ukuxilongwa
Akukho zivavanyo ezingenangqiqo zokuxilonga kwesifo se-Parkinson . Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okanye ukukhangela kwengqondo okungaqwalasela ngokucacileyo ukuba umntu unesifo se-Parkinson okanye cha, kwaye uyafunyaniswa kwisiseko sembali yeempawu kwaye emva kokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo kunye neengxelo ze-neurological. Ukuba iimpawu zeemoto (ukuthuthumela, ukunyaniseka kunye nokunyuka okuhambayo) kuphuculwe emva kokuba uthathe isilingo se- levodopa yeziyobisi , ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba unePP.
Unyango
Kukho, okwangoku, akukho unyango lwe-PD, kodwa kukho ezinye zonyango ezisebenzayo. Ukongezelela, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zijonge ngenyango olutsha kunye neendlela ezintsha ziyafumaneka rhoqo ngonyaka.
Izinyango zokwelapha zeengxaki zikaParkinson ziquka ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Izifo ze-Parkinson zezifo ziquka i-dopamine yonyango yokutshintshwa kunye ne-dopamine agonists ngaphezu kweminye imithi esebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ejulile iye yajongwa ngokunyukayo kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye ineluhlu lwayo lwezenzo neengxaki.
Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela unyango lweempawu ezinxulumene nesifo sikaPasinson kunye, kuba ezinye zezi zinto zinokukhathazeka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abanesifo baya kufuna ukukhetha iinketho zokonyango. Ukongezelela, unyango oluthile , nangona alukwazi ukuguqula inkqubo yesifo, lunokunceda abantu bajamelane neengxaki ezininzi ezihambelana nesi sifo.
Ukujamelana
Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obusebenzayo kunye nePP. Ukuba usebenzise amathuba enyango engcono kakhulu kunyango, ugcine irejimenti yokusebenza ngokusemandleni akho, kwaye wenze kwaye usetyenzise inethiwekhi yenkxaso uza kwandisa amandla akho okuhlala uzimeleyo kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Khumbula ukuba awukho isifo sakho. Funda ngokubanzi njengoko unako malunga nePD kwaye uvumele ukuba wamukele uncedo lwabanye xa uludinga.
Ukuba usandul 'ukuvavanywa ngePD, jonga ngala ma nyathelo okuqala kubantu abaxilongwa ngesifo sikaParkinson .
Ukuba Umntu Othandekayo Ufumene I-Diagnosed
Ukuba umhlobo wakho osanda kutshatyalaliswa ukuba unesifo sikaPasinson, akudingeki ukuba sitsho ukuba iPD yintlungu yesapho. I-PD ingaba negalelo elikhulu kwiintsebenziswano . Oko kwathiwa, ukuba wena kunye nomthandane wakho nisebenzisana kunye nokugcina uxhulumano oluvulekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwePD kungabakho ixesha lokuba iintsapho zihlangane kunye kwaye zisebenze njengeqela ekujonganeni nemisindo yokugula yosuku.
Imithombo:
UKasper, uDennis, u-Anthony Fauci, uStephen Hauser, uDan Longo, noJameson. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMacGraw-Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Medline Plus. Ukuhlaziywa 10/13/16. https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html