Ingqwalaselo yezifo zikaPasinson
Isifo se-Parkinson siphumela ngenxa yokufa kweeseliti ze-dopamine ezivelisa iiseliti zeengqondo. I-Dopamine yi-neurotransmitter ebalulekileyo (isithunywa semichiza engqondweni) esinceda ukulawula umsebenzi we-muscle. Ngoko xa i-dopamine idlulile kwingqondo, iimpawu ezifana nokugubha, ukuqina, kunye nokuhamba ubunzima kubonakala.
> Iiseli ezivelisa i-Dopamine engqondweni ziphelile kwisifo sikaParkinson.
Nangona isifo sika-Parkinson sisetyenziselwa ukuba sijongwe nje ukuhamba (imoto) ukuphazamiseka, iingcali ngoku ziyaqaphela ukuba nazo zibangele iimpawu ezinxulumene neemoto ezifana neengxaki zokulala, ukuziqhayisa kunye nokulahleka kwephunga.
Yintoni eyanomdla kukuba le miqondiso ingenakuqala ngaphambi kweempawu zemoto ngeminyaka emininzi, kwaneeminyaka.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isifo sika-Parkinson sisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ngokufunda imincinci yolwazi malunga nale ngxaki yengqondo, sele usendleleni yokuphila kakuhle (okanye ukunceda umntu othandayo) uphile kakuhle nalo.
Isizathu seSifo seParkinson
Nangona iimeko ezichanekileyo zesifo se -Parkinson esingaziwayo, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ziphumela ekusebenzisaneni okunzima phakathi kweentlobo zezendalo kunye nommandla wakhe.
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Ngaba i-Parkinson iyathintela ukulindela ubomi?
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Indlela yoLwaba iMasking ebusweni kwiSifo seParkinson
Imizekelo yokuchasana nokusingqongileyo engabangela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo sika-Parkinson kumntu osengozini yokuhlaselwa ngokwemfuyo okanye iindawo zokuhlala kwipropati. Eminye imingcipheko yesifo se-Parkinson yandisa iminyaka yobudala kunye nesini (isifo sikaParkinson siqheleke kakhulu kubantu).
Izibonakaliso zezifo zikaPasinson
Izibonakaliso zesifo se-Parkinson ziyakwazi ukuphosa kwangaphambili-ngo kwenene, zinokungabonakali. Kodwa ekugqibeleni iimpawu ziba nzima ngakumbi ixesha.
Iimpawu zeMoto kwiiNgcongolo zikaParkinson
Izifo ezine eziphawulekayo iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson zi:
- Ukugubha
- I-Bradykinesia (ukunyuka kokunyakaza)
- Ubunzima
- Ukungazinzi kwesithuba (ukungalingani)
Isibilini kwisifo sikaParkinson sichazwa ngokuba yi-"pilill-rolling" ngenxa yendlela ebonakala ngayo-njengokungathi umntu uqhubela ipilisi okanye enye into encinane phakathi kwesithupha kunye nesicatshulwa somunwe. Kwakhona kuchazwa njengento yokuphumla ngenxa yokuba kwenzeka xa inxalenye yomzimba (njengesandla) ikhululekile kwaye iphumla. Xa umntu eqhuba ukunyakaza okunenjongo, njengokufikelela kweglasi, intshukumo iyancipha okanye iphela. Ingxolo ingafumaneka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba nazo, njengonyawo okanye umhlathi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zibuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yokuxinezeleka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuba ngoxa ukuphumla kokudubisa kwenzeka kwibaninzi banesifo sikaParkinson, akukho kuwo wonke umntu.
I-Bradykinesia ichaza ukuba umntu wehlise amandla okuhambisa. Njengoko unokucinga, oku kungakhubaza ngokukodwa. Umntu unokuqhubela phambili ekubunzima usebenzisa iminwe yakhe (umzekelo, ukuvula ibhotile okanye ukuthayipha) kunzima ukusebenzisa imilenze, okukhokelela ekutheni unyuke ngamanyathelo amfutshane.
Ubunzima bubhekisela ekuqineni kwemisipha kunye nokuchasana nokuphumula kwemisipha. Umntu onenkqonkco akanako ukuguqula iingalo zakhe xa ehamba, okanye unokutshintsha okanye ukugoba phambili.
Ubungqina bunokuba bubuhlungu, kwaye oku kunokubangela ukuba kunzima ukuhamba, ngokukodwa ukuhamba.
Esinye isifo sesifo sika-Parkinson sisigxina se- postural -engqondo yokungalingani xa umile. Esi sibonakalo sivame ukuvela kamva kwisifo seParkinson. Kwimeko yomntu onokungazinzi kwithuba, isikhonkco esincinci kwisandla singabangela ukuba bawele.
Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nemoto kwisifo sikaParkinson, kwaye ubukho babo buyinto eguquguqukayo, intsingiselo kungekhona bonke abantu abafumana iimpawu ezifanayo okanye abanakho kwizinga elifanayo. Ezinye zeempawu ezinxulumene neemoto ziquka:
- Iliso elinciphileyo likhanya
- Ubuso obuncitshisiweyo
- Ukuthetha nokugwinya iingxaki
- Ukuvelisa umthamo ophezulu
- Ukukhupha iziqwenga- apho umntu evakalelwa njengezinyawo zabo zixhomekeke kumgangatho okanye phantsi kwazo ziqhenqelele kwisihlalo
Iziganeko ezingezona iimoto kwiZifo zikaPasinson
Njengoko uphando oluqhubekayo lwesifo sikaParkinson, iingcali ngoku zijolise ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiimpawu ezingahambelani neemoto. Ezi zihlandlo zihlala zonakalisa umntu kunempawu zeemoto, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuqala iminyaka ngaphambili.
Imizekelo yeempawu ezingekho iimoto kwisifo sikaParkinson ziquka:
- I-hallucinations (ngokuqhelekileyo ukubonwa) kunye / okanye ukukhohlisa
- Izifo zengqondo ezifana nokudandatheka, ukuxhalabisa nokunganakwa (ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nemvakalelo)
- Iingxaki zokulala kunye nokhathala kwamini
- Iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokugula komqondo
- Ukukhubazeka kwe-Autonomic (umzekelo, ukuwa kwexinzelelo lwegazi xa usukuma okanye ukuqhawulwa)
- Ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo njengobungqingili kunye nokubetha okanye intlungu
- Iingxaki zesikhumba (umzekelo, seborrheic dermatitis)
- Ukulahlekelwa kwintswelo yokuphosa
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zikaPasinson
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaPasinson kufuna ukuphononongwa ngokunyamekileyo nangokugqithiseleyo ngugqirha, ngokuqhelekileyo i- neurologist , njengokuba kungekho vavanyo lwegazi le-slam okanye i-brain imaging test for it. Nangona i-diagnostic iqwalasele kwabanye abantu, kunokuba nzima kunabanye, ingakumbi kuba kukho ezinye iimeko zezempilo ezingenayo i-neurological ezabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo nesifo sika-Parkinson.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ugxeka isifo sikaParkinson, uya kubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga nokulala, ukukhathazeka, imemori, iingxaki zokuhamba, kunye nokuwa kwamhlanje.
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Ngaba Abantwana Banga Bangazuza Iingxaki Zika-Parkinson Ezivela Kum?
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Impact and Treatment of Rigidity kwiSifo seParkinson
Uya kuphinda ahlole uqobo ukuze ahlole i-reflexes, amandla omzimba kunye nokulinganisela. Ungamangaliswa ukuba ucinga iimvavanyo okanye iimvavanyo zegazi ziyalwa ukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango.
Kukho iinkqubo ezithile ezigqithisiweyo ugqirha olandelayo ukuxilonga isifo sikaParkinson. Umzekelo, omnye umqathango oxhasa ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaParkinson kukuba umntu onempawu ezifana neParkinson unokuphucuka ngokuphawulekayo kwiimpawu zakhe emva kokuthatha i-levodopa (iyeza elisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-Parkinson's disease).
Nangona kungekho nonyango kwisifo sika-Parkinson, iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba kukho iinketho ezininzi zokuncedisa ukuphucula iimpawu ukuze wena okanye umthandayo ungaphila kakuhle.
Unyango lweMpawu zoThutho
Ukugqiba ixesha lokuqalisa imithi yeempawu zeemoto akusoloko kucacile ukucoca-kuxhomekeke kumntu kunye nokuba zibuhlungu njani iimpawu zabo. Enyanisweni, unokumangaliswa ukwazi ukuba kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikaParkinson, amayeza angenakufuneka.
I-Carbidopa-levodopa, ehamba ngamagama e-brand Sinemet okanye iParcopa, iyona mveliso ephambili kunye neyona ndlela iphumelelayo ye-Parkinson. I-Levodopa iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine engqondweni, eyinceda ukubuyisela ukulawula isisu. I-Carbidopa yenza i-levodopa iphumelele ngakumbi ngokukhusela ukuba iguqulwe ibe yi-dopamine ngaphandle kwengqondo.
Umgca weli gciwane lisebenza ngenye indlela kukuba xa umntu sele ekhona kuyo iminyaka, kungenokuba kulungile ekulawuleni iimpawu zeemoto-oku kubizwa ngokuthi "ukugqoka". Ukongezelela, ukunyakaza okungekho kolawulo lwakho njengama-spasms okanye imisipha (ebizwa ngokuthi i-dyskinesia) ingenzeka emva kokusebenzisa ixesha elide levodopa.
I-Dopamine i-agonists njenge-Mirapex (pramipexole) kunye ne-Rquip (ropinirole) ivuselela i-dopamine-reception--cking-sites-in brain, ekhohlisa ingqondo ekucingeni ukuba i-dopamine idinga ukuba umzimba uhambe. I-dopamine agonists ayisebenzisekanga kunokuba i-levodopa, kwaye ineziphumo ezinobungozi ezinjengeemiboniso ezibonakalayo, ukulala kokulala, kunye nokuziphatha okunyanzelisayo njengokungcakaza, ukutya, ukuthenga okanye ukuziphatha ngokwesondo.
Oko kuthethwa, i-dopamine agonists ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa kwizigaba zangaphambili zesifo sika-Parkinson, ehlehlise isidingo se-levodopa kude kube yilapho eqhutyweni lwezifo. Oku kunokunceda ukukhusela iingxaki zexesha elide ze-levodopa njenge-"wear off" effect kunye nokuhamba kwe-body control movement.
I-Monamine oxidase inhibitors (ii-MAO-B inhibitors) zibandakanya i-Eldepryl, i-Emsam, ne-Zelapar (selegiline) kunye ne-Azilect (i-rasagiline), ephethe impawu zeemoto ngokuvimbela i-enzyme evimbela i-dopamine engqondweni. Oku kuvumela i-dopamine esebenzayo ukuba ixhomekeke kwingqondo engaphezulu.
I-downsides ye-monamine oxidase inhibitors kukuba ayisebenzisi njenge-levodopa kubantu abane-Parkinson isifo, kwaye banokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, njengabaxinzelelo.
Umgca wukuthi ngamanye amaxesha unokubonelela ngenzuzo ekunciphiseni iimpawu zeemoto kwizigaba zangaphambili zesifo sikaParkinson, ngokubalulekileyo ukuthenga umntu ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuqalisa i-levodopa.
I-COMT inhibitors njengo-Comtan (entacapone) kunye no-Tasmar (i-tolcapone) isebenza ngokunyusa umphumo we-levodopa ebuchosheni (ngoko bathathwa nge-levodopa). Zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha abantu abafumana "ukugqoka" umphumo wokuba kwi-levodopa ixesha elide. Ukubeka iliso kwiimvavanyo zegazi kubangelwa ukuba umntu useTarmar (itloneone).
I-Anticholinergics njengo-Artane (trihexyphenidyl) kunye noCogentin (benzotropine) imiselwe ukuba unciphise ukungabikho koyikima kubantu abanesifo sika-Parkinson. Basebenza ngokunyusa i-acetylcholine kwingqondo.
Ingcipheko kukuba i-anticholinergics ineempembelelo ezininzi ezinokuthi zibe nempembelelo embonweni, umlomo owomileyo, ukugcina umchamo, ukuzithemba kunye nokudideka (ngakumbi kubantu abadala). Ngenxa yoko, zigcinwe ngabo bantu abane-Parkinson isifo esingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70.
I-Symmetrel (i-amantadine) imishanguzo yokulwa neyeza esetyenziswe kwisifo sokuqala se-Parkinson ukulawula ukugubha nokunyaniseka. Imiphumo emibi yimiba iquka umlomo owomileyo, ukuzithemba, ukugqithisa kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala kweengxowa, ukuvuthwa kwesikhumba, nokudideka.
Unyango lweeMpawu ezingeziMoto
Ngaphandle kweengxaki zokuhamba ezinxulumene nesifo sika-Parkinson zizibonakaliso ezingabonakaliyo ezincinci njengeengxaki zokulala, iingxaki zengqondo kunye nezinguquko zemizwelo, ezinokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho wobomi bomntu. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba kukho iindlela ezintle zokulungisa.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuxinezeleka kuqhelekileyo kwisifo sikaParkinson, kodwa kunokunyangwa nge-anti-depressants yendabuko, njenge-seleotonin e-reuptake inhibitors. Ukudemeka kwengqondo (iingxaki zokucinga kunye nenkumbulo), iqhosha lesikhumba e-Exelon (rivastigmine) linokumiselwa.
I-hallucinations ne-psychosis ingaphazamisa ngokukhethekileyo umntu (kunye nabathandekayo babo) kunye nesifo sika-Parkinson. Ukujongana nalokhu, i-neurologist ingayeka okanye iyanciphise umthamo weyeza zabo ze-Parkinson (umzekelo, i-levodopa). Kwimiba enzulu kakhulu yeengcamango, imithi yokulwa ne-antipsychotic inokumiselwa.
Ukuphulukiswa kwezilwanyana ezifana nokuthetha, ukusebenza, kunye nokonyango kusetyenziswa ngokutsha ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwisifo sikaParkinson.
Ukuxiliswa kweBrain Deep
Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo ejulile kugcinwe kubantu abanesifo esiphezulu seParkinson esineempawu zeemoto ezingaphathwa kakubi nangamayeza. Kusebenza ngokukodwa kubantu abanokuqhubekayo, abakhubaza ukuthuthumela, kunye nalabo abanokuhamba okungalawulwayo (okubizwa ngokuba yi-dyskinesia) okanye ukuguquka ("ukuxhoma kunye nokunyusa" iimpawu), eziyinkxalabo yokusebenzisa i-levodopa ixesha elide.
Ukuvuselela ingqondo ejulile kubandakanya i-neurosurgeon eyenza intsimbi ingene ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Le fowuni idityaniswe kwisixhobo esisebenza ngebhethri esibizwa nge-neurostimulator, ebeka phantsi kwesikhumba kufuphi ne-collarbone. Amagalelo kagesi avezwe kwi-neurostimulator (elawulwa isigulane) ikholelwa ukuba yatshintshela iindlela ezinengqondo ezinengqondo ezilawula ukunyakaza (ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo kuveliswa endaweni yokungaqhelekanga, njengokwenkqonkqo).
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba olu unyango olupilwayo aluyilo unyango kwaye aluyikuyeka isifo sika-Parkinson somntu ukuba siphumelele. Kukho iingozi ezinzulu ezibandakanyekayo, eziqinisekisa ingxoxo enengqiqo kunye nomdlavuza wegazi, ugqirha kunye nosapho ngaphambi kokuba uphumelele.
ILizwi
Isifo se-Parkinson sisisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi ("ukufa kweeseli zengqondo"). Ingxaki echaphazela kuphela indlela umntu ahamba ngayo, kodwa nendlela abacinga ngayo, abavakalelwa, abalala, baze bavumba. Nangona ezi zimpawu zingakhubaza, iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba kukho iindlela ezichanekileyo zokunciphisa impembelelo yakho kwimpilo yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson: iimpawu zonyango kunye nokuxilongwa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 2008 uMbhi; 79 (4): 368-76.
> I-Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Ziziphi izifo zeParkinson?
> Postuma RB. Inkqubo ye-MDS yokuxilonga yesifo se-Parkinson. Ukuhambisa ingxaki . 2015 Oct; 30 (12): 1591-601.
> Rao SS, Hofmann LA, uShakil A. Parkinson's Diving: I-Diagnosis kunye neNyango. I-Phys Physician . 2006 Dec 15; 74 (12): 2046-54.
> Wagle Shukla A, Okun MS. Unyango olusenziwa ngophando lwe-Parkinson lwesifo: izigulane, iithagethi, izixhobo kunye neendlela. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan; 11 (1): 47-59.