Isakhelo kunye nesiseko senkxaso yamathambo omzimba kunye namalungu ethu
Iimpawu ezixhumeneyo zidibanisa, zixhasa, zibopha, kwaye zihlula izitho kunye nezicubu, ukwakha isakhelo sokuxhasa izicubu zomzimba kunye nezitho, ngenxa yeenjongo zesakhiwo kunye nesisombululo. Kwiisisombululo ezixhumeneyo, iiseli zimbalwa kwaye zahlakazeka-abazingabambisene kunye, njengama-epithelial tissue. Uninzi lwezicubu ezinxibelelwano ziyaxiliswa (ngaphandle kwe-cartilage). Izikhala ze-extracellular (isikhala ngaphandle kweeseli) kwiisisombululo ezixhunyiwe zibhekiselwe njenge-matrix ye-extracellular.
Ngoko ke, izicubu ezixhumeneyo zenziwe ngamaseli kunye ne-matrix excellular. I-matrix ye-extracellular iqukethe i-glycosaminoglycans kunye ne-proteoglycans. Ziyintlukwano ekwakhekeni kwe-matrix ye-extracellular ecacisa iipropati zezicubu ezinxibelelwano.
Izicubu ezinxibelelwano zenziwe nge:
- Izixhobo ezinobumba (i-collagen ne-elastin)
- I-Glycosaminoglycans okanye i-GAGs (iminyango ende yokuphindaphinda iiyunithi ezingabonakaliyo; inxaxheba ephambili kukuxhasa i-collagen)
- I-proteoglycans (GAGs iqhotyoshelwe kwiprotheyini ephambili)
Ulwahlulo lweeTunue ezixhumeneyo
Iimpawu ezixhunyiwe ezifanelekileyo zihlelwe njengezixhobo eziphathekayo ezingaqhelekanga ezingxenyeni ezingaqhelekanga okanye izicubu ezinqamlekileyo ezingaxhunyekanga.
- Ukulahleka kweethambo ezinokungaqhelekanga ziqulethe iiseli ezininzi kunye ne-fiber ephathekayo kwi-matric.
- Izithambo ezinokungaqhelekanga ezinokungaqhelekanga zineenethiwekhi ezinamaqabunga ezininzi ze-collagen kunye ne-elastic fibers kwi-matrix. Iimpawu ezixhamlayo zitholakale kwiifomsile ezidibeneyo, i-fascia ye-muscle, kunye ne-dermis ungqimba lwesikhumba.
Izicubu ezixubileyo zibandakanya:
- Izithambo ezixhasayo eziqhelekileyo (ezifunyenwe kwiitoni kunye nemigqa)
- I-cartilage (uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezixhasayo ezinamajoni e-chondrocyte, i-collagen fibers, kunye ne-fibric elastically; i-hyaline cartilage, i-fibrocartilage kunye ne-cartilage elastic)
- I-Adipose tissue (uhlobo lokuxhaswa kwezicubu ezinokuxhaswa, ukugcina amafutha amaninzi kunye namandla;
- Iimpawu ze-hemopoietic okanye i-lymphatic (i-tissue ezixhamlayo ezibandakanya ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi; ziqukethe i-leukocytes kunye ne-fibres ye-proteins e-soluble yamanzi ayilwe ngexesha lokuvalwa;
- Igazi (iqukethe i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes, i-thrombocytes; ii-fibers zi-proteins ezinqabileyo; i-extracellular substance i-plasma)
- I-Bone (uhlobo oluxhasayo lweethambo eziqukethe i-osteoblasts okanye i-osteocytes; iqukethe i-collagen fibers kwaye inzima okanye ibalwa)
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ii-fibers, i-proteoglycan, kunye ne-GAG zilawulwa kwaye zilawulwa ngokulinganisela phakathi kokusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlaziywa. Ibhalansi igcinwa ngama- cytokines , iimeko zokukhula, kunye ne-MMPs (i-matrix metalloproteinases). Ukuba kukho ukungalingani, izifo ezixhamlayo zezifo ziyakhula. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ukuchithwa kwenetha kwiimeko ezifana ne- osteoarthritis , i- rheumatoid arthritis , kunye ne- osteoporosis . Ukwanda kwenetha kwi-synthesis kungakhokelela kwi- scleroderma okanye kwi-pulmonary fibrosis.
Kukho izifo ezingaphezu kwama-200 kunye neemeko ezichaphazela izicubu ezinxulumene.
Ezinye izifo zengxube ezixhamlayo ziyimiphumo yokusuleleka, ukulimala okanye ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwemfuyo. Isizathu sezinye izifo zesisombululo esazixhamlayo asiziwayo.
> Imithombo:
> Iishukela ezixhumeneyo. Ulwahlulo lweeTunue ezixhumeneyo. I-Histology Guide. IYunivesithi yaseLeeds.
> Izisombululo ezixhumeneyo: Ukuxubusha iMatrix kunye nokuBaluleka kwayo kwiNyango yamaPhilisi. Ulungiso lwenyama. Culav EM et al. Matshi 1999.
> Ukuxhatshazwa kweTisue Disorders. MedlinePlus.