I-osteoporosis , oku kuthetha "ithambo elinesibindi", isifo esichazwe ngethambo elincinci. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zethambo kunokukhokelela ekutheni i-bone fragility and break, ngokukodwa kwintambo, umlenze kunye nesandla.
I-osteoporosis ithathwa njengoluhlobo lwe-arthritis. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-osteoporosis ididekile kunye ne- osteoarthritis (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis), kodwa zizifo ezimbini ezahlukileyo.
Iimpawu
I-osteoporosis ithathwa njengesifo "esicacileyo" kuba ukuxinwa kwamathambo kulahleka ngexesha leminyaka ngaphandle kwempawu okanye iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Esi sifo sisoloko sifunyenwe kude kube yinto ephakamileyo kangangokuba amathambo abuthathaka aphuka kalula. I-osteoporosis yimbangela yeziphene eziyi-1.5 ngonyaka.
Ngubani Ofumana I-Osteoporosis?
I-Osteoporosis yinkxalabo yezempilo yoluntu ngamaqela angama-25 angama-America achaphazelekayo, ama-80% awo angabesifazane. Kuqikelelwa ukuba omnye kwabafazi ababini kunye nomntu oyedwa kwabathathu baya kulwa ne-osteoporosis echaphazelekayo ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Ngama-75 ubudala, enye yesithathu yabo bonke abantu iya kuchatshazelwa yi-osteoporosis. Nangona i-osteoporosis icingelwa njengesifo somntu omdala, ngokwenene sinokubetha nanini na.
Izinto zobungozi
Kukho izinto ezinobungozi obandakanyekayo obangela ukuba abanye abantu bakwazi ukuphucula i-osteoporosis kunezinye:
- yobudala
- ngumfazi
- Imbali yentsapho ye-osteoporosis
- ifreyimu encinci okanye encinane
- ukuphuma kwesikhashana , mhlawumbi ngokwemvelo okanye kwi-optic
- Amadoda anamaqondo aphantsi ase testosterone
- i-amenorrhea
- i-anorexia okanye i-bulimia
- isifo se-yroid
- irheumatoid arthritis
- Izifo ezibandakanya ukutyalwa kwamathumbu emathunjini
- ukusetyenziswa kwemirhambo ye- corticosteroid (sebenzisa umthamo ophantsi kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-osteoporosis kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi)
- ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-anticonbulsant
- ukutya okuphantsi kwe calcium
- ukungabikho komsebenzi
- ukutshaya ugwayi
- ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kotywala ka-caffeine
Ukuxilongwa
Ukufunyanwa kwe-osteoporosis kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iimvavanyo ezinokufumanisa iingxaki zengxowankulu zethambo:
- Iqondo eliphantsi x-ray kumnwe okanye ngesandla
- I-Ultrasound yesithende
- I-scan ye-CT
- Isisindo somnxeba we-Bone esibizwa ngokuba ngu- DEXA (I-Dual Energy X-Ray Absorption Test
Imiqathango ye-x-ray ayifumananga ne-osteoporosis de enye yekota yesithambo isele ilahlekile. Ngaloo ndlela kukhange kube khona ukuphulwa kwento ekhoyo. I-DEXA ithuluzi lokufumanisa okokuqala kwaye liyakwazi ukubona njengepesenti enye yelahleko.
I-DEXA isebenzisa izinga eliphantsi lemizibalazo, igxininise kwi-hip kunye nomgudu oqhelekileyo kwiindawo eziqhekezayo, kwaye ithathwa njengekhuselekile kwaye ikhululekile isiguli. Nangona kunjalo, i-DEXA ebizwa ngokuba yi "standard standard" yeemvavanyo zeethambo zengxowanqa ayinakufunyanwa ezinye iinjongo zomshuwalense. Kwimeko apho, abantu abasengozini ye-osteoporosis kufuneka bafumane enye yeemvavanyo ezingabizi ngaphantsi. Ukuba kukho ubungqina bokulahleka kwethambo inkampani yomshuwalense iya kuhlawula uvavanyo lwe-DEXA kuba oko kubonisiwe.
Unyango
Kukho iindidi eziliqela zamachiza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-osteoporosis:
- estrogens
- hormones eziphathekayo
- amathambo amacebo
- i-bisphosphonates
- abathumisi be-receptor ye-receptor
Kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi imichiza esetyenziswayo kunokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwethambo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwethambo, nokunciphisa ingozi yefractures. Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa i-osteoporosis ngoku ziquka:
- Actonel (Risedronate)
- Boniva (Ibandronate)
- Didronel (Etidronate)
- I-Estrogens (iHormone Therapy)
- Evista (Raloxifene)
- Forteo (Teriparatide)
- IFosamax (i-Alendronate)
- Miacalcin (Calcitonin)
Thintelo
Ukuthintela i-osteoporosis ngokuyinhloko kuboshwe ezintweni ezi-3:
- Isondlo esifanelekileyo, enexabiso elaneleyo le-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D ngokutya okanye ukuxhaswa
- Ukunyamezela umzimba
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngokubeka ingqalelo kwiimeko ezinobungozi (umzekelo, ukutshaya)
Osteoporosis kunye Nondlo
Isondlo siphakathi kwezinto ezichaphazela uxinzelelo lweethambo. I-calcium iyisondlo esibalulekileyo kwimpilo yethambo. Enyanisweni, i-99% ye-calcium yomzimba iyatholakala kwithambo. I-calcium ikwafuneka kwakhona ukuba isebenze kakuhle intliziyo, imisipha, iimbilini, kunye negazi eliqhelekileyo.
Kukho ezinye izondlo ezibalulekileyo kuba zichaphazela ukuxhamla kwe-calcium kunye ne-calcium excretion. I-Vitamin D ikwandisa umthamo we-calcium kwisiginci sesisu kwaye ngenxa yoko igalelo le-calcium. Imithombo yevithamini D ibandakanya ukukhanya kwelanga, intlanzi enamafutha, amaqanda, isibindi kunye nokutya okuqiniweyo (kuquka ubisi kunye ne-multivitamines).
Iiprotheyini ziyimfuneko ekudleni kwethu kuba lidlala indima ekukhuleni kwamathambo, kwakunye nokulungiswa kwezicubu. Iiprotheyini nazo ziyimfuneko yokulungiswa kweqhekeza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuzivikela. Iiprotheni, nangona kunjalo, zandisa i-calcium excretion eyenza isidingo sokuba ne-calcium ethe xaxa ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wezondlo emzimbeni.
I-sodium, kunye ne-chloride njengengxenye yetyuwa, yandisa ukwanda kwe-calcium. Abantu abahlala benetyuwa ephezulu badinga i-calcium engaphezulu.
I-Oxalate ifumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zokutya, ezifana nesipinashi, i-rhubarb kunye namazambane amnandi. I-Oxalate iphazamisa ukuxutywa kwe-calcium ukusuka kwindawo efanayo yokutya.
I-Phosphorus iyimfuneko yamaminerali ekudleni kwethu. Ininzi ye-phosphorus emzimbeni wethu igcinwa emathanjeni, ngexabiso elincinci elitholakala ngamazinyo, i-DNA, kunye ne-membranes yeseli. Ukutya okugqithisileyo kokutya kwe-phosphorus (umz., I-cola okanye ukutya okucutshungulwayo) kunokuphazamisa ukutsalwa kwe-calcium. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku akuthathwa njengengxaki kubantu abaneentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo.
Ukusela okuqulethe i-caffeine kunokunciphisa ukunyuswa kwe-calcium, kodwa kungabalulekanga. Enyanisweni, ukuncitshiswa kunokuncitshiswa ngokubandakanya ubisi ekudleni kwakho. Mane uqaphele ukuba i-caffeine iyanciphisa umonakalo we-calcium kwaye yenza kube yiphumo lokucima loo nto.
Kubalulekile ukuthobela ingondlo. Ukondla okwaneleyo kwezondlo kunceda ukugcina impilo yemfuyo nokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuphucula i-osteoporosis.
Imithombo:
I-Glucocorticoid-Inokwenziwa yi-Osteoporosis Guidelines Overview, i-American College yeRheumatology. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 2015.
I-Sheet Factory kwi-Osteoporosis. Ikholeji yaseMerika yaseRheumatology. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 2015.
I-Osteoporosis. I-NIH Osteoporosis kunye nezifo zeT Bone ezihlobene.
Ukutya kunye namaBoni akho. I-National Osteoporosis Foundation.