Iinqununu ze-Thyroid ziqhelekileyo kwaye zininzi zinobungozi (ezingengomdlavuza). Kodwa ukugqiba ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi kunye nomhlaza kunokuba yinkohlakalo.
Yingakho uphando ziye zadala iimvavanyo zee-molecule ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa kwisampuli zeeseli ezifunyenwe kwi-nodule ye-thyroid. Ezi mvavanyo zincedisa ugqirha ukuba anqume ukuba i-nodule ye-thyroid ingaba ngumhlaza okanye ayikho, edla ngokuchaphazela ukuba ngaba umntu asebenziswanga ngethambo lwe-thyroid.
Ukufumana iisilini ze-Thyroid: I-Needle Enhle Impumulelo ye-Biopsy
Inkqubo yokususa iiseli ze-thyroid kwi-nodule, ebizwa ngokuba yi-apial aspiration aspiration okanye i-FNA, ilula, ikhuselekile kwaye yenziwa kwiofisi yegqirha.
Ngethuba le-FNA, ugqirha uya kusebenzisa inaliti ukususa ("aspirate") iiseli ezisuka kwi-nodule. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inaliti iya kwi-nodule, ugqirha uya kusebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuze amkhokele.
Emva kokuba iiselingi zifunwa, zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ngugqirha (obizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist) ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-nodule iyingozi ( umdlavuza we-thyroid ) okanye i-benign.
Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ze-FNA "zi-indeterminate" zithetha ukuba kuyacaca ukuba i-nodule ingumdlavuza okanye cha.
Kwimeko yeesampuli ezingapheliyo, i-biopsy idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuba ithe yagqitywa okwesibini, ugqirha uya kuqwalasela i-biopsy yesithathu okanye rhoqo ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuba umntu ugqiba uphantsi kokuhlinzwa kwaye umdlavuza we-thyroid ufunyenwe, i-thyroidectomy ithathwa njengesimfuneko kwaye isinyathelo esifanelekileyo kunyango.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho mdlavuza we-thyroid (kwaye i-nodule iyingozi), isiguli siye salahlekelwa yinto ebalulekileyo, kwaye kwinkqubo, ibe yi- hypothyroid ebomini. Ngaphezu koko, utyando lwe-thyroid luyingozi kwaye luhambelana nemingcipheko efana nomonakalo kwintsimbi yakho ye-parathyroid kunye nesibindi esilawula ibhokisi lakho
Ukuvavanywa kweMeleki yeeSeli kwiiNodules ze-Thyroid
Ngomngeni wento enokuyenza xa i-FNA biopsy ibuya ingapheliyo, abaphandi baye baqalisa ukuhlalutya iimvavanyo ukuphucula uvavanyo lokuxilongwa kwezi ngqungquthela ezingathandabuzekiyo.
Isixhobo esisodwa, esibizwa ngokuba yi-Afirma Thyroid FNA Analysis, sivivinywa se-molecular diagnostic test, esichaza iipateni zokubonakalisa i-gene kwisampula se-FNA ukuze ixilongwe "nokuba yinto enobungqina" okanye "isolisa ngenxa yokugula."
Ukuba uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba i-nodule ibe yinto enobungqina, ukulandelelana kwesoxesha kunye nokubekwa kweliso lwe-nodule ngokucetyiswayo (okuqhelekileyo kwiigununu ezinobungozi). Ukuba i-nodule iyakrokrela ukugula, kunokuba umntu aqhubeke nokuhlinzwa.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Afirma lulungele "ukulawula" umdlavuza, oku kuthetha ukuba unobungakanani obubi kakhulu bokuqikelela.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zibandakanya iimvavanyo ze-ThyGenX kunye ne-ThyroSeq. Uvavanyo lwe-ThyGenX luhlalutya isampuli yeselenki yokuguqula izidalwa kunye nabamakishi ukufikelela kumngcipheko womhlaza. Olu vavanyo luncedo ngokukhethekileyo "lokulawula" emdlalweni, ngoko ke lunexabiso elihle kakhulu eliqikelelekayo.
Ukucocwa ngakumbi, uvavanyo lwe-ThyroSeq lukhulu kakhulu kokubili "ukulawula" kunye "nokulawula" umdlavuza.
Oko oku kuthetha ukuthini ukunyamekela yakho ye-thyroid kukuba ukuba sele usenayo i-FNA biopsy eyifumene nesigxina se-thyroid, kwaye ugqirha wakho uphakamisa i-thyroidectomy, unokuba unomdla wokuba omnye u-FNA enze nodokotela osebenzisa enye yale mileksi iimvavanyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuba nomphumo ogqithiseleyo unokuthi uthintele ukuhlinzwa okungadingekile.
ILizwi
Nangona ezi mvavanyo zeemleksi ziyamangalisa, iimvavanyo zenguqu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uphando oluqhubekayo luyaqhubeka.
Ngamanye amazwi, le mvavanyo ayigqibekanga-oogqirha basadingeka bahlolisise ingozi ekhethekileyo yesigulane kwaye badibanise kunye nendlela yokubaluleka ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo zokuxilonga.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Thyroid Association. (2018). I-Needle Fine Impumulo ye-Thyroid Nodules: Inkqubo nokuchazwa kweziphumo.
> Baca SC et al. Iimfuno ze-atypia ekuxilongweni kwe-cytologic yee-nodules ze-thyroid zidibene neempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ze-Afirma ze-gene kunye neziphumo zekliniki. Ngomhlaza weCytopathol . Ngo-2017 ngoMeyi; 125 (5): 313-22. dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21827.
> Ferris et al. I-American Thyroid Association Inkcazo yokuThengiswa kwesicelo seMelecular Profiling kwiNodules ye-Thyroid: Impembelelo yangoku kwi-Perioperative Making Decision. Thyroid . 2015 Julayi 1; 25 (7): 760-68. dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0502.
> I-Zhang M, i-Lin O. Ukuhlolwa kwee-molecular of nodules ze-thyroid: Ukuphononongwa kweemvavanyo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo kwiimpawu zentsalane efanelekileyo. I-Arch Pathol Lab Med . Ngo-2016 Dec; 140 (12): 1338-44.