Amachiza asetyenziswa ukunyanga nokukhusela i-Osteoporosis
I-Osteoporosis yisifo esiqhawulayo kwaye sinciphise amathambo aze aphelelwe amandla kwaye aphule kalula. Abasetyhini kunye namadoda abane-osteoporosis bavame ukuphula amathambo kwi-hip, umlenze, nesandla. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwe-osteoporosis, ukondla, ukuzivocavoca, nokukhusela ukhuseleko lunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
I-Osteoporosis Treatment Programme
Ukuba une-osteoporosis, inkqubo yakho yonyango iya kugxila kwi:
- Isondlo esifanelekileyo - ngokukodwa ukutya okunotye kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D, engabandakanya isincomo sokuthatha i-calcium ne-vitamin D
- Ukuzivocavoca, okungagcini nje ukuphucula impilo yakho yethambo kodwa kwandisa amandla omzimba, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokulinganisela.
- Imiba yokukhusela ukukhusela okungabangela ukugqabhuka, njengokususa iibhola ezidityanisiweyo kwindlu yakho.
Ukongezelela, ugqirha wakho unokumisela imithi yokucotha okanye ukuyeka ukulahleka kwethambo, ukwandisa uxinano lweethambo, nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuka.
Bisphosphonates
I-Bisphosphonates, imichiza eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kunyango lwe-osteoporosis, ukunciphisa umsebenzi weeseli ezichithwa ngamathambo. Kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwakho, ithambo elidala lisuswe kwaye amathambo amatsha afakwe kwi-skeleton yakho. Njengoko ukhula, ukuphuka kwethambo lakho kuhamba ngokukhawuleza - ii-bisphosphonates zinciphisa le nkqubo.
I-Bisphosphonates ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yokukhusela kunye nokunyangwa kwe-osteoporosis kubafazi emva kokumisa umyeni kunye namadoda.
Ezi zilandelayo ze-bisphosphonates zivunyiwe yi-FDA ezithengiswa e-US:
Actonel (risedronate):
- Unako ukwandisa amathambo akho kunye nokunciphisa amathuba akho omgudu, umlenze kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukileyo.
- Ikhona kwimihla ngemihla, ngeveki, rhoqo ngenyanga, kunye neeyure zenyanga.
Boniva (ibandronate):
- Unokunciphisa amathuba akho okuphalaza emthonjeni. I-Boniva ayinciphisi amathuba akho okunyuka kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukileyo.
- Iyatholakala kwidaysi yenyanga kunye ne-injection injection once given every three months.
I-Fosamax (alendronate):
- Unako ukwandisa amathambo akho kunye nokunciphisa amathuba akho omgudu, umlenze kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukileyo.
- Ikhona kwimihla ngemihla kunye neveki.
Ukuphinda (i-zoledronic acid):
- Unako ukwandisa amathambo akho kunye nokunciphisa amathuba akho omgudu, umlenze kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukileyo.
- Ufumaneka njengenjoyi e-intravenous inikezelwa kanye ngonyaka.
Imiphumo emibi yomlomo ye-bisphosphonates iquka iingxaki zesisu njengobunzima bokugwinya, ukuvuvukala kwe-esophagus kunye nezilonda zesisu.
Imiphumo emibi ye-bisphosphonates engenayo iquka iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, intlungu emisipha okanye amajoyini, kunye nentloko. Ezi ziphumo zempembelelo zingenzeka emva nje kokufumana ukunyuswa kwegazi kwaye ngokubanzi zime kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu.
Kukho iingxelo ezinqabileyo ze-osteonecrosis yomhlathi kunye neengxaki ezibonakalayo kubantu abasebenzisa i-bisphosphonates ngomlomo nangomlomo.
Raloxifene
I-Evista (raloxifene), evunywe yi-FDA yokuthintela kunye nokunyanga kwe-osteoporosis kubafazi emva kokumisa umva, ivela kwiklasi yeziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-modermator receptor (SERMs) ezikhethiweyo.
I-Evista ineempembelelo ezinjenge-estrogen kwi-skeleton kodwa ibangela iziphumo ze-estrogen kwibele kunye nesisu.
I-Evista iyancipha ukulahlekelwa kwethambo kwaye iyanciphisa umngcipheko weentlobo zengqungquthela emgodini, kodwa akukho mphumo kwi-hip fracture ebonwayo.
I-Evista ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukukhusela umdlavuza wentliziyo kubasetyhini abasengozini enkulu yomhlaza webele.
I-Evista ithathwa kwifomu yepilisi kanye ngosuku.
Nangona igalelo eliqhelekileyo lingaqhelekanga kwi-Evista, unokufumana ukutshisa okutshisayo kunye nama- blood clots kwiimvini ezinzulu.
Calcitonin
I-Calcitonin, ekhoyo njengegama elibizwa ngokuba yi-Miacalcin kunye ne-Fortical, i-hormone eyenziwa ngokwemvelo eyenza ukulawula amanqanaba e-calcium emzimbeni wakho.
Kubasetyhini abangenani ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, i-calcitonin iyanciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo, inyuse umthambo womnxeba, iyanciphisa umngcipheko weemfucuza zomgulane, kwaye inokunciphisa intlungu ehambelana nemithambo yamathambo.
I-Calcitonin ifumaneka njengentsimbi (enikeziwe phantsi kwesikhumba okanye kwi-muscle imihla ngemihla okanye yonke imihla) okanye njenge- spray day spray .
I-calcitonin engenayo ingabangela ukuba umonakalo ochaphazelekayo kunye nemiphumo engathandekiyo echaphazelekayo kubandakanywa ukuqhuma ubuso kunye nezandla, ukuvuthwa rhoqo, ukuncwina, kunye nokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba. Impembelelo yecala kuphela echazwe nge-calcitonin ye-nasal iyicasula.
Teriparatide
I-Forteo (i-teriparatide), ifom ye-hormone ye-humanathy-injection, ifumaneka kubafazi be-postmenopausal kunye namadoda abane-osteoporosis abasengozini enkulu yokuphuka.
Ngokungafani nezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kwi-osteoporosis, u-Forteo wenza izinto ngokuvuselela amathambo amatsha asemgangathweni kunye nomlenze. Ukunikezelwa kwentsuku yangeentsuku ezingama-24, kunokwandisa izicubu zethambo kunye namandla esitye kwaye kuboniswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesigxina kunye nezinye iintlobo.
Imiphumo emibi ifaka i-nicea, isisu, kunye neenqampu zomlenze.
U-Forteo naye unesilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama kwi-FDA ngenxa yencinci encinci yokuba u-Forteo unokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-osteosarcoma, umhlaza ongabonakali kodwa onomdla. Ngenxa yalo mngcipheko, akufanele usebenzise i-Forteo ngaphandle kokuba une-osteoporosis kwaye ubuncinane enye yeemeko ezilandelayo zidibeneyo: Usuke unesithuba esithile sokuphulwa kwethambo; ugqirha wakho uzimisele ukuba usemngciphekweni ophezulu weentsimbi, okanye awukwazi ukuthatha okanye ungaphenduli kwezinye iyeza ngenxa ye-osteoporosis.
I-Estrogen / I-Hormone Therapy (ET / HT)
I-ET / HT iboniswe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo, ukwandisa uxinano lweethambo kwintlambo kunye nomlenze, nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezantlambo kunye ne-hip fractures kuma-postmenopausal women. I-ET / HT ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo kwifom yepilisi okanye isikhumba sephepha.
Xa i-estrogen - eyaziwa nangokuthi i-estrogen yonyango okanye i-ET ithathwa yedwa, inokunyusa umngcipheko wesifazane wokuba nomdlavuza we-uterine lining (umdlavuza we-endometrial). Ukuphelisa lo mngcipheko, oogqirha banquma i-hormone progestin-eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hormone therapy okanye i-HT - kunye ne-estrogen kulabo bafazi abangenayo i- hysterectomy .
Imiphumo emibi ye-ET / HT ibandakanya ukuphuma kwegazi, ukunyamezela isisu, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, iingubo zegazi kwiimvini, kunye nesifo se-gallbladder.
Ngenxa yobungqina bwakutshanje ukuba umdlavuza webele, imivimbo, i-blood clots, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokunyuka kwamanye amabhinqa athatha i-estrogen, i-FDA icebisa ukuba uthathe umthamo ophantsi kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane. I-Estrogen kufuneka iqwalaselwe kuphela ukuba unobungozi obukhulu be-osteoporosis, kwaye kufuneka uqale ucinge ngamagciwane e-osteoporosis angenayo i-estrogen.