Izithunywa zeMelecular
IiCytokines zikhonza njengezithunywa zeeyununu phakathi kweeseli. I-Cytokines iiprotheni eziveliswa ngamaseli. Ngokubhekisele kwi-arthritis, i-cytokines ilawula iimpendulo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezivuthayo . Ama-cytokines asebenzisana neeseli zamasosha omzimba ukwenzela ukulawula ukuphendula komzimba kwizifo nokusuleleka, kunye nokudibanisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zamaseli emzimbeni.
Iintlobo zamaCytokines
IiCytokines zihlukeneyo, zithetha ukuba azifani zonke. IiCytokines zikhonza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo emzimbeni:
- iimeko zokuvuselela iikholoni (khuthaza ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi)
- ukukhula kunye nemibandela yokuhlukanisa (ukusebenza ngokubanzi ekuphuhliseni, ukugcinwa kwezicubu kunye nokulungisa)
- i-cytokines (imm, i-interferon, i-interleukins kunye ne-TNF-alpha esebenza kumajoni omzimba omzimba)
Ngelixa i "cytokines" ikhefu legama elibandakanya zonke iindidi, kukho amagama anikeziweyo anikezelwa kwii-cytokines ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo lweseli olwenzayo okanye isenzo esinalo emzimbeni:
- i-lymphokines (eyenziwa yi-lymphocytes)
- i-monokines (eyenziwa yi-monocytes)
- i-chemokines (ezihambelana nezenzo ze-chemotactic)
- i-interleukins (eyenziwa yi-leukocyte enye kodwa yenza kwezinye i-leukocyte)
Indlela iCytokines isebenza ngayo
I-immune system iyanzima - iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaseli omzimba kunye nama-protein enza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. IiCytokines ziphakathi kwezi proteyini.
Ukuchaza indlela ama-cytokines asebenza ngayo kunzima. Kuyisifundo kwi-physiology cell. Kodwa, ukuqonda ukuvuvukala, kufuneka uqonde indima edlala ngayo i-cytokines.
Ama-Cytokines akhululwa ngamaseli kwindawo yokuhambisa okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwiisishu. Ii-cytokines zifumana iithagethi zamagciwane kwaye zisebenzisana nama-receptors kwinqanaba le-immune ekujoliswe kuyo ngokuzibophelela kubo.
Ukubambisana kubangela okanye kuvuselela iimpendulo ezithile kwiiseli ezijoliswe kuzo.
Ukuqheliswa kwamaCytokines
Ukukhutshwa ngokweqile okanye ukungafanelekanga kwemveliso ethile ye-cytokines ngumzimba kunokubangela izifo. Umzekelo, kufunyenwe ukuba i-interleukin-1 (IL-1) kunye ne- tumor necrosis ye-alpha-alpha (i-TNF-alpha) iveliswa ngokungaphezulu kwe- rheumatoid arthritis apho ibandakanyeka ekuvukeleni nasekubhujisweni kwezicubu.
Izidakamizwa ze-Biologic Ziyi-Cytokine Inhibitors
Iziyobisi ze-biologic ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zivimbele i-IL-1 okanye i-TNF-alpha. I-Kineret (anakinra) yaphuhliswa njengonyango lwe-rheumatoid arthritis kwaye isebenza ngokuvimbela ukubopha kwe-IL-1 kwi-receptor yayo. I-TNF-alpha inhibitors (ebizwa nangokuthi i- TNF blockers ) ibopha i-TNF kwaye ikhusele i-TNF ukuba idibanise kwi-cell receptors. Enbrel (etanercept), Remicade (infliximab), Humira (adalimumab), Simponi (golimumab), kunye neCimzia (certolizumab pegol) yi-block block ye-TNF. I-Actemra (tocilizumab) ibopha i-IL-6.
Ezinye iziyobisi ze-biologic ziphuhliso. Iziphumo ezifundwayo zivela kwisifundo seSigaba sesi-3 se-sarilumab (esibizwa ngokuba ngu-SARIL-RA-TARGET), umntu ophikisana nomntu ngokumelene ne-IL-6 receptor, wabonisa ukuba le michiza yadibana neendlela eziphambili zokuphucula iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-arthritis ye-rheumatoid kunye nophuculo lomzimba msebenzi.
I-Sarilumab ibopha ngokubambisana okuphezulu kunye ne-IL-6 receptor, ukuvimba ukubopha kwe-IL-6 nokuphazamisa ukubonakaliswa kokuvuvukala kwe-cytokine. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Oktobha 31, ngo-2016, i-FDA inqabile i-sarilumab ngokusekelwe kukusilela kwabo bafumene ngexesha lokuhlolwa komsebenzi wokuvelisa. Emva kokulungiswa, iRegeneron neSanofi ihlose ukuyibuyisela ngokuvunywa ngo-2017. Okwangoku, ngoFebruwari 1, 2017, iMpilo Canada ivume le nkunkuma phantsi kwegama, uKezara (sarilumab).
ILizwi
Nangona i-cytokines ibonakala ngathi iyinkimbinkimbi, kuya kubalulekile ukuqonda inkqubo yokuvuvukala ephakathi kwezinto ezivuthayo zesifo se-arthritis.
Siyazi ukuba kukho iiptotokines eziqhambukayo kunye ne-anti-inflammatory cytokines. I-cytokines eziqhumayo zidlala indima ekuphuhliseni intlungu evuzayo kunye neuropathic. Iiprotokines ezichasayo zithandana ne-cytokine. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi i-chemokines ibandakanyeke ekuqaliseni intlungu, kunye nokuqhubeka nokuvelelwa kwentlungu.
> Imithombo:
> Izinto zokuKhula kunye neeCytokines. > Ukuqala > kwiiRheumatic Diseases. Ukushicilelwa 12. Kushicilelwe yi-Arthritis Foundation.
> I-Regeneron kunye neSanofi Iziphumo ezikhoyo kwiSigaba esiPhambili Sifundo seSarilumab kwi-College of Rheumatology Yonyaka. Regeneron. Novemba 8, 2015.
> McInnes I. kunye neSiktt G. Cytokines kwi-pathogenesis yesifo se-rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Immunology. Juni 2007
> IiCytokines. BioBasics. 4/24/2006.
> Zhang, JM et al. IiCytokines, Inflammation > kunye > Ubuhlungu. Iiklinikhi ze-Anesthesiology zamazwe ngamazwe. Spring 2007.