I-arthritis iyakwazi ukuphumeza xa inkqubo ye-immune ihamba
Yisiphi i-Immune System?
Isistim somzimba sisinxibelelwano esiyinkimbinkimbi seeseli, izicubu, kunye nezitho ezisebenza ngokuvisisanayo ukukhusela umzimba ngokumelene nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe. Ngokuphambili, abahlaseli belizwe lasemzini ziinkcitha ezinokubangela ukusuleleka (iibhaktheriya, iipasasites, okanye i-fungi). Amasosha omzimba asebenza ukugcina abahlaseli bamanye amazwe ngaphandle komzimba, okanye ukuba bangena emzimbeni, ukuwafumana nokuwachitha.
Inkqubo Yomzimba Yomzimba Isebenza njani?
Isistim somzimba sisebenza njengendlela yokunxibelelwano eyinkcazo. Xa umhlaseli wangaphandle angene emzimbeni, isistim somzimba sisilumkiso. Ngelo xesha, amajoni omzimba omzimba asebenze kwaye aqale ukuvelisa iikhemikhali ezinamandla. Amaseli e-immune axhulumana ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo okanye angakwazi ukuthetha ngokukhupha izithunywa zeekhemikhali.
Ulusu lusebenza njengesithintelo sokuqala kwii-microbes. Abahlaseli banokufumana ukungena ngokucutshulwa okanye ukutyunjwa kwesikhumba, nangona kunjalo. Amaphecana okugaya kunye nokuphefumula nawo anokuba ngamaphuzu okungena kwabahlaseli belizwe langaphandle kodwa nabo banakho iindlela zokukhusela abahlaseli (umzekelo, i-muscus ekhampameni, ukukhwehlela okanye ukunyakaza ukugcina abahlaseli bevela ekhaleni nasemiphungeni, isisu esiswini ubhubhisa abahlaseli emathunjini). Ukuba ama-microbes angenelela kule miqobo yokuqala, kufuneka ayenze ngeendonga zokugaya ukutya, ukuphefumula, okanye iiferensi ze-urogenital ukufikelela kwiiseli ezingaphantsi.
Iindinyana zixutywe ngamaseli e-epithelial ahlanganiswe kwisangqa sokunceda ukuvimba ukuthuthwa kwabahlaseli zibe zicatshulwa zecala.
Iimpawu ze-mucosal zifake i-IgA, ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobo lokuqala lolwaphulo-mthetho oluya kuhlangana ne-microbe ehlaselayo. Ngaphantsi kwendawo engqongqo ye-epithelial, amangqamuzana amaninzi omzimba, kuquka ii-macrophages, iiseli zeB, kunye neeseli ze-T, zilinde abahlaseli abangaba ngaphaya kwemida ephezulu.
Emva kokudlula phezulu, abahlaseli kufuneka bahambe ngaphaya kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko lwe-immune (ukujikeleza i-phagocyte, iiseli ze-T, kunye nokuzalisa). Ukuba abahlaseli benza ukuba badlule i-defense jikelele, badibana nezixhobo ezithile ze-immune system, ii-antibodies kunye neeseli ze-T ezineemitholamli ezibaqondisa kwiinjongo zabo.
Iyini Indima Yee-Cell Phone?
Umzimba womzimba unomkhosi weeseli ekulungiseleleni (kubandakanya i-lymphocyte kunye ne-phagocytes). Ngelixa ezinye iiseli ze-immune zihlasela bonke abahlaseli, abanye baqeqeshelwa ukuphendula kwiithagethi ezithile. Zonke iiseli ze-immune zivela kumaseli angama-stem angama-stem kwi-bone. Iiseli ezifayo, ngokuphendula kuma-cytokines ahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izibonakaliso zamakhemikhali, zikhula zibe ngamaqela athile e-immune (iiseli ze-T, ii-cell okanye i-phagocytes).
Iiseli ze-B neeseli ze-T zihlobo ze-lymphocyte. Iiseli ze-B zenza i-antibodies kwi-body fluids. Ama-antibodies ahlasela abahlaseli bamanye amazwe (abenza njengama-antigens) atholakala ejikeleza emzimbeni womzimba kodwa amanqindi awanako ukungena kwiiseli. Ngangolunye uhlangothi, iiseli ze-T, zineentlobo ezikhethekileyo zokufumana i-antibody-receptors ebusweni bazo ezibona iinqununu zama-antigens kumaseli anesifo.
Iiseli ze-T zingalathisa kwaye zilawulwe iimpendulo zamagciwane, okanye ziyakwazi ukuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezikhulelwe okanye zomhlaza.
I-Phagocytes zininzi zeeseli ezimhlophe ezidla abahlaseli bamanye amazwe okanye iintlobo zangaphandle. I-Monocyte zihlobo lwe-phagocytes ejikeleza kwigazi. Xa i-monocytes ihambela kwiishukela, ijika ibe yi-macrophages. Njenge-macrophages, bayakwazi ukukrazula umzimba weeseli zamandulo kunye nama-debris. I-Macrophages nayo ingabonakalisa ibhakethi ye-antigen yangaphandle ukutsala i-lymphocytes. Baphinde bavelise iimpawu zamachiza eziyimfuneko ekuphenduleni omzimba. I-Granulocyte, iisel cell, iiplatelets, kunye neeseli ze-dendritic nazo zinendima ebalulekileyo kwimpendulo yomzimba.
Amaseli omzimba omzimba axhulumana nabanye ngokukhupha nokuphendula kwizithunywa zeekhemikhali, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- cytokines . Ii-cytokines, ezibandakanya i-interleukins, i-interferon, kunye neemeko zokukhula, iiprotheni ezifihliwe ngamaseli omzimba ukuba zisebenze kwezinye iiseli, zivelise iimpendulo zomzimba kubasemzini.
Ukhuseleko lufanele luKhusele impilo emihle
Nangona sichazile indlela iimpendulo zokuzivikela kumzimba zikhusela njani kubahlaseli belizwe langaphandle kunye neziphumo zokugula, ukunyamezela ngokukhuselana nomzimba kubalulekile ukukhusela ukugula. Ukunyamezela nge-immune kuchaza indlela i-T okanye i-B i-lymphocytes inokunyaniseka ngayo izicubu zomzimba xa zifuna abahlaseli bamanye amazwe. Ukunyamezela imfino-mfuneko kubalulekile ukukhusela isistim somzimba ekuhlaseleni iiseli zomzimba.
Xa isistim somzimba somzimba siphumelele ukusebenza kakuhle, umzimba uvelisa iiseli ze-T kunye nama-antibodies alawulwa ngama-antigens kumaseli ayo kunye nezicubu, ngamanye amagama, ngokwawo. Xa oku kwenzekayo, amaseli enempilo kunye nezicubu zonakaliswe, kwaye izifo ezizimele zingakhula. I-rheumatoid arthritis kunye ne-lupus yimizekelo yezifo ezizimele . Ngaphandle kweempendulo zokuzimela, i-immune system ingaba nexanduva lokugula, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, kunye nezifo zokukhubazeka komzimba.
Imithombo:
Inkqubo yomzimba. Isizwe seSizwe soTywala neZifo ezithintekayo. Disemba 19, 2011.
I-Molecular and Cellular Basis of Immunity and Immunological Diseases. I-Primer kwi-Rheumatic Diseases. I-Klippel J. Amaphepha 94-97. Ipapashwe ngu-Arthritis Foundation. Uluhlu lwesithathu.