Ukuze uqonde uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA (uvavanyo lwe-anti-nuclear antibody), kubalulekile ukuba uqale uqonde iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-antibodies.
- Ama-antibodies ayenamaprotheni, aveliswa ngamaseli egazi amhlophe, aqhelekileyo ajikeleze egazini ukukhusela abachasi bamanye amazwe, njengabaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neetekisi.
- I-Autoantibodies, esikhundleni sokubambisana nabachasi bamanye amazwe, hlasela iiseli zomzimba. Oku akuqhelekanga.
- Amanqamzana e-nuclear-nyukliya ayingqayizivele yeqela le-autoantibodies ezinokukwazi ukuhlasela izakhiwo kwi-nucleus yeeseli. I-nucleus yeselule iqukethe izinto eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA (uvavanyo lwe-anti-nuclear antibody) luvame ukuqhutywa kwisampula segazi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuxilonga yezifo ezithile.
U vavanyo lwenziwa njani
Ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA, ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba ngu-FANA (uvavanyo lwe-anti-nuclear anti-nuclear antibody), isampuli yegazi ithathwa kwisigulane kwaye ithunyelwa kwibhodi yokuvavanya. I-Serum evela kwi-specimen yegazi ifakwe kwi-microscope i-slides ezilungiselele ukuthengisa izisele kwi-slide. Ukuba i-serum yesigulane iqukethe izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, zibophelela kwiiseli (ngokukodwa iisuclei zeeseli) kwisilayidi.
I-antibody yesibini, ithengiswe ngeentengiso ngedayi ye-fluorescent, ifakwa kwixube le-serum yesigulane kunye neeseli ezilungiselelwe urhweba kwisilayidi.
I-antibody (yesibini) (anti-fluorescent) i-antibody idibanisa kwi-antibodies kunye neeseli ezidibeneyo. Xa isilayidi ibonwa phantsi kwe-microscope ye-ultraviolet, i-anti-nuclear antibodies zibonakala njengezisele ze-fluorescent.
- Ukuba iiseli ze-fluorescent zigcinwa, umphumo we-ANA wokuvavanya igazi uphumelele.
- Ukuba iiseli ze-fluorescent ayigcinwanga, umphumo we-ANA wokuvavanya igazi awubi.
I-ANA Ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi
Ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA ineengxenye ezintathu:
- Efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga ku-ANA
- Ukuba i-positive, i-titer izimisele kwaye iboniswe
- Iprogram ye-fluorescence ibikwa
ANA Titer
Isihloko sigqityiwe ngokuphinda uvavanyo oluhle kunye neendleko zokuxubusha kuze kube uvavanyo luvelisa umphumo ombi. Ukuhluthwa kokugqibela okuvelisa umphumo omuhle (oko kukuthi, i-fluorescence ephawulwe phantsi kwe-microscope) yi-titer echazwe. Nasi umzekelo:
Iingxube zengxube:
1:10
1:20
1:40
1:80 ezintle
1: 160 positive (isihloko esibikwe njenge-1: 160)
1: 320 engalunganga
Ukubaluleka kwe-ANA Pattern
Izihloko ze-ANA kunye neepateni ziyahlukahluka phakathi kweziza zokuhlola ii-laboratory ngenxa yokuhluka kwendlela esebenzayo. Iipateni eziqhelekileyo ziyazibandakanya:
- Unxulumene - i-fluorescence yenyukliya ngokupheleleyo ngenxa ye-antibody ejoliswe kwiDNA. Eqhelekileyo kwi- systemic lupus erythematosus .
- I-Peripheral - i-fluorescence ivela kumaphethelo e-nucleus kwi-appearance ye-shaggy. I-anti-DNA kunye ne-anti-nuclear envelope antibodies yenza le ndlela. Kwakhona kubonakala kwi-systemic lupus erythematosus.
- I-speckled - i-floral fluorescense ngenxa ye-antibody ejoliswe kwii-antigen.
- I-nucleolar - ukusuka kwiimpawu zokulwa ezijoliswe kwiiproteti ezithile ezibandakanyeka ekuveliseni i-RNA. Kubonakala kubantu abane- scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) .
Impumelelo ye-ANA Isiphumo sovavanyo lwegazi - Kuthetha ukuthini?
Amanqamzana e-nuclear nuclear afunyanwa kubantu abanezifo ezihlukeneyo, kodwa kungekhona kuphela. Amanqindi e-nyukliya angaphinda afumaneke kubantu abane-infections, umhlaza, izifo zamaphaphu, izifo zesisu, izifo ze-hormonal, izifo zegazi, izifo zesikhumba, kubantu abadala, okanye abantu abaneentsapho zengxaki yesifo se-rheumatic. Amanqindi e-nyukliya afunyenwe ngokumalunga nama-5 ekhulwini ewonke jikelele enempilo.
Iziphumo ze-ANA ziyodwa into eqwalaselwa ngayo xa i-diagnostic yenziwe. Iimpawu zekliniki zesigulane kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngugqirha.
Imbali yonyango nayo ibalulekileyo kuba izidakamizwa ezithile zonyango zingabangela "izikhuselo zezilwanyana ezinokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa".
Ingozi ye-ANA kwiZifo ezahlukahlukeneyo
Ukuthetha ngesitatimende, iziganeko zeempendulo ze-ANA ezintle (kwipesenti nganye)
- I-systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus okanye i-SLE) - ngaphezu kwama-95 ekhulwini
- Iprogressive systemic sclerosis (i-scleroderma) - i-60 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini
- I-rheumatoid arthritis - i-25 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini
- I-Sjogren's syndrome - i-40 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini
- I-Felty's syndrome - engama-75 ekhulwini
- I-arthritis yabantwana - i-15 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini
Iifomferensi ze-ANA iimvavanyo zegazi ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga isifo esithile esisodwa. Ngenxa yale njongo, ugqirha unokuyalela i-anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, i-Sjogren's syndrome's antigens (SSA, SSB), i-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-centromere, anti-histone, kunye ne-anti-RNP.
Ngaphantsi
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA luyinkimbinkimbi. Oko kwathiwa, iziphumo eziphambili okanye ezimbi, izihloko, iipatheni, kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya i-subset-zinokunika oogqirha abaneenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zokunceda ukuxilonga izifo ze-rheumatic autoimmune.
Imithombo:
> Peng kunye neCraft. Iincwadi zeRheumatology. I-ninth edition. Elsevier. Isahluko 55 - Iintsholongwane zeAnyukliya.
I-Clinical Diagnosis, Todd-Sanford