Utshintsho kwiNyango yeZifo ze-Parkinson
Xa wena okanye umntu omthandayo unesifo se- Parkinson (PD), kunokubonakala ukuba unyango olutsha nolungcono alukho ndawo. Kodwa xa ucinga ngembali yophuhliso lwezilwanyana ezintsha zePD, kukho isizathu sokuba nethemba. Nangona i-PD yayinokuthi yaziwa kubadala, yayingazange ifundwe ngokusisiseko kuze kube sexesha elide (ngokucacileyo liyifilosofi yama-Islam Averroes).
I-PD yayingabonakali kakuhle kwihlabathi la mandulo mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu abahlala kwi-60s okanye 70 yelo xesha. I-PD kufuneka ibe yinto engabonakaliyo kwihlabathi la mandulo kunamhlanje. Uphando lwezesayensi lwePD aluzange luqalise de u- James Parkinson ashicilele 'i-Essay kwi-palsy yokugungqa' ngowe-1817. Ukususela kuloo ndawo, iimpawu neempawu zePD zaziwa njenge-syndrome okanye iqoqo leempawu ezabangela isizathu esifanayo. Kwiminyaka yokuqala kwiminyaka ye-20 leminyaka, isifo somkhuhlane sabhubhisa ihlabathi. Amanye amaxhoba aloo bhubhane avelise iimpawu zePD kwaye amacala abo afundiswa ngamandla, ngaloo ndlela ukuqhubela phambili ulwazi lweempawu zeparkinsonian. Ngama-1940 nee-50s, unyango lwe-neurosurgical lwalusetyenziswa ekuphatheni iPD. Ngo-1960, i- dopamine yabonakala iyancipha kwiibongo zabantu abanePD. Ngo-1961 ukuya ku-1962, sithola iimvavanyo zokuqala eziphumelelayo ze-levodopa. Ngowe-1968, iipilisi ze-levodopa zazifumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe.
Oku kunjalo kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu ekwenzeni unyango lwe-PD. Uluvo lwe-Levodopa lwalusebenza kakuhle kwizigulane ezithile ukuze ziphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kungekudala, kwafumanisa ukuba i-levodopa yayineempembelelo ezingathandekiyo kwaye ayikwazi ukunqanda ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ukuze izidakamizwa ezintsha ziphuhliswe ukuphatha ezi ziphumo kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha lesifo.
I-Bromocriptine kunye ne-MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl zaphuhliswa ngawo-1970. I-Perdide, i-selegiline kunye neyeza-antioxidant therapies zaphuhliswa ngawo-1980. Okwangoku, iingcambu zokukhupha iingqondo ezijulile zaqaliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 kunye neendlela zobuchopho-mpilo zahlanjululwa kuma-80s nakuma-90. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-FDA yokuvuselela ingqondo engundoqo ye-nucleus ye-subthalam yonyango ngo-1997. I- dopamine entsha ye- agonists , i-pramipexole ne-ropinirole yavunywa ukuba isebenziswe kulo nyaka. I-Tolcapone kunye ne-Entacapone zavunywa ukuba zisebenzise kunyaka olandelayo 1998. Kuwo wonke ama-1990, ezininzi iimpazamo zezofuzo eziye zafunyanwa kwi-PD zafunyanwa. Ukuchonga kwezi zityalo ezingaqhelekanga kuya kubakho kwiindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kwi-2000s. I-AD yokwelapha i-PD yasungulwa ngo-2005. Kwi-90s nakwiminyaka yokuqala yama-2000, ukuphumelela kwi-biometric cell biology kwacetyiswa ukuba imithi emitsha izakuza kungekudala nangona kungekho lonyango oluye lwavela.
Ngo-2006, kwakhiwa i-inhibitor entsha ye-MAO-B ebizwa ngokuthi i-rasagiline. Ngaloo nyaka, indlela entsha entsha yokwelapha i-PD, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antiapoptotic therapy, yaqaliswa. Yenzelwe ukukhusela ukufa kweeseli ze-dopamine. I-apoptosis ibhekisela 'kwi-cell-death death' eyenziweyo phakathi kweeseli ze-Dopamine zezigulane zePD.
Kwaye izidakamizwa ezichasene ne-apoptotic kufuneka zithintele okokufa ukufa kweseli. Ukuza kuthi ngoku izidakamizwa zisaphononongo. Ngo-2007 i-popamine patch yasungulwa (rotigotine) ukuhambisa i-dopamine kwigazi ngendlela efana neyomnye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yekhulu lama-20, zonke iintlobo zeziyobisi zazisetyenziselwa ukuphatha iimpawu ze-PD ezingekho iimoto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iingxaki zokulala, iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokunye.
Ngoku qaphela ukuba xa iP PD yaqatshelwa ekuqaleni kwee-1960 njengengxaki ye-dopamine metabolism, uphuhliso olutsha lwe-PD lwaluphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Njengoko ishumi ngalinye lidlulile, isantya sezinto ezintsha kubonakala sanda kakhulu kangangokuba ngama-2000 sinezinto ezinjalo zokwenza unyango olutsha olusakhulayo-ukusuka kwindlela yokwenza i-gene ye-gene entsha kwindlela yokwelapha ye-antiapoptotic esingaba nayo-loo mathuba okugcina ukuzimela kulo lonke ixesha lesi sifo kuphucula kwaye kulunge. Ndiyathemba ukuba ukuhlanganiswa okufanelekileyo kwamagosa kuya kufumaneka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ukunyuka kwenkqubela yesifo.
Imithombo
> Wiener, WJ kunye ne Factor, SA (2008). Isihlandlo se-Parkinson Disease History ukususela ngo-1900. Ku: Izifo ze-Parkinson: Ukuchonga kunye noLawulo lwezonyango: Uluhlu lwesiBini oluhlelwe ngu-Stewart A Factor, DO kunye noWilliam J Weiner, MD. ENew York: iDemos Publishing Medical; > pps >. 33-38.