Ukuxilongwa kwe-stroke kudinga uvavanyo lwezonyango oluqinileyo kunye nokukhawuleza, rhoqo ngokuncedisa ubuchwepheshe bezobugcisa. Ukuba unakho uvavanyo lokuhlaselwa kwesifo, uviwo lwakho luya kubandakanya izixhobo ezilandelayo.
Uvavanyo lweNewlogical
Olu vavanyo luyenziwa ngugqirha ukuze kutyunwe ukuba kukho ingxaki engqondweni yomsebenzi onokuthi inokuqinisekisile ukuba umntu unenxeba.
Icandelo ngalinye leemvavanyo ze-neurologi livavanya indawo eyahlukeneyo yengqondo, kubandakanya:
- Ukwazisa kunye nokuqonda
- Umsebenzi wokuthetha, ulwimi, kunye nememori
- Umbono kunye nokuhamba kwamehlo
- Ukuqonda kunye nokunyakaza kwimilenze kunye nemilenze
- I-Reflexes
- Ukuhamba kunye nengqiqo yokulinganisela
I-Tomography Scan Computed
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ekamelweni lexakeka ukuze libone isifo esibuhlungu .
Iimvavanyo ze-tomography (CT) ezicwangcisiweyo ziyimvavanyo emihle kule njongo kungekhona nje ngokuba zibona lula ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziyakwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.
Iimvavanyo ze-CT nazo zingabonakalisa izibetho zesichakamiso, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo azikwazi ukufumana imivimbo yesichemicic kuze kube ngu-6-12 emva kweeyure emva kokuqala kwazo.
Lumbar Ukuhamba
Kukwaziwa nangokuthi " umpompo wompompo " lo vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha kuqhutyelwa kwigumbi lokuxakeka xa kukho isikrokro esomeleleyo ngenxa yesifo esibi. Uvavanyo luquka ukungeniswa kwenaliti kwindawo ephantsi kwekhola yomgca apho ukhuselekile ukuqokelela i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Xa kuphuma igazi kwingqondo, igazi liyabonakala kwi-CSF.
Ukujonga umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
Le yenye yezona zivivinyo ezinokubaluleka kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwesifo sobungozi ngenxa yokuba singakwazi ukubona izibetho ngaphakathi kwemizuzu yokuqala kwazo. Imifanekiso ye-MRI yengqondo iphinda iphezulu kumgangatho we-CT. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-MRI olubizwa ngokuthi i- magnetic resonance angiography , okanye i-MRA, ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone ukucutha okanye ukucinywa kwemithambo yegazi kwingqondo.
I-Transcranial Doppler (TCD):
Olu vavanyo lisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwimida emikhulu yegazi kwingqondo . Iindawo ezingenanto ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwinqanawa yegazi zibonisa izinga elingafaniyo lokuhamba kwegazi kuneendawo eziqhelekileyo. Le ngcaciso ingasetyenzwa oogqirha ukuba balandele inkqubela phambili yemithambo yegazi.
Olunye usebenziso olubalulekileyo lwe-TCD luvavanyo lokuphuma kwegazi emitanjeni yegazi kwindawo yesifo esiyingozi, njengoko le mijelo yegazi inamandla okwenza "i-vasospasm" inobungozi obunobungozi kunye nokukhawuleza kwesitya segazi esingavimbela ukuhamba kwegazi.
I-Cerebral Angiography:
Oogqirha be-stroke basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukujonga ngemigudu yegazi entanyeni nasengqondweni. Ngethuba lo vavanyo idayi ekhethekileyo, ebonakalayo isebenzisa ii-X-ray, ifakwe kwiiyriyri ze-carotid, ezizisa igazi kwingqondo. Ukuba umntu unesithintelo esinqununu okanye esipheleleyo kwenye yale mijelo yegazi, umzekelo wedayi unokunceda ukuxilonga isitya segazi esingavamile.
Isizathu esivakalayo sokubethwa kwesibalo kukunciphisa umthambo we-carotid, i- carotid stenosis, edla ngokuba yimiphumo ye-cholesterol edibeneyo ezindongeni zale mithana yegazi. Le meko ingafumaneka kwakhona ngovavanyo oluthiwa yiCarotid Duplex, apho amaza omsindo asetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi ngale mijelo yegazi.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokunciphisa kunye neempawu ezivezwe ngumntu, kufuneka ukuba utyando lukhuphe i-plaque kwi-arteri echaphazelekayo.
I-cerebral angiography inokukunceda oogqirha baxilonge le miqathango eqhelekileyo eyaziwayo ukuba idibaniswe nesifo esibuhlungu
Emva kokuba kuphazamiseka isifo, ngamanye amaxesha, iibhetri entsha yeemvavanyo kufuneka iqhutywe ukwenzela ukuba ifumene imbangela yesifo.
Electrocardiogram
Olu vavanyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-EKG okanye i-ECG, lunceda oogqirha bachonge iingxaki ngokuqhutshwa kombane kwintliziyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, intliziyo ibetha ngendlela eqhelekileyo, isisigqi esenza ukuhamba kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo ukuya kwengqondo kunye nezinye izitho. Kodwa xa intliziyo inesiphene kwi-conduction yombane, inokubetha ngesigqi esingaqhelekanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-arrhythmia, okanye intliziyo engavumelekanga .
Amanye ama-arrhythmias, afana ne-frilling atrial, enza ukuba kwakhiwe ama-clots egazi ngaphakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo. Lawa maxesha amagazi aya kuthunyelwa kwingqondo aze abangela ukubetha.
I-echocardiogram yeTransthoracic (TTE)
Olu vavanyo, owaziwa nangokuthi 'i-echo' isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukukhangela ama-blood clots okanye neminye imithombo ye-intloli ngaphakathi kwentliziyo. Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukungaqhelekanga kwintliziyo yesimo esingaholela ekubunjweni kwegazi ngaphakathi kwintliziyo yamagumbi. I-TTE zisetyenziselwa ukuphanda ukuba igazi liphuma emilenzeni lingahamba ngeentliziyo kwaye lifikelele kwingqondo.
Leg Ultrasound
Oogqirha bavame ukwenza lo vavanyo kwizigulane ezitshatyalaliswayo zifunyaniswe ne- patent foramen ovale. Uvavanyo lusebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukujonga ama-blood clots kwiimvini ezinzulu zemilenze, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- thromboses okanye i-DVTs. I-DVTs ingabangela imivimbo ngokwenza uhambo olude oluphelela kwingqondo. Okokuqala, iqhezu elincinane le-DVT liyaqhekeza kwaye liye laya entliziyweni ngokuhambisa umbane. Kanye kwintliziyo i-cross clot cross from the right side to the left side of the heart nge-PFO, apho iqhutywe khona nge-aorta kunye ne-carotids ukuya kwengqondo, apho ingabangela ukubetha.
Uvavanyo lweGazi
Ngokona buninzi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunceda oogqirha ukuba babone izifo eziyaziwayo ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo , kuquka:
Umthombo
UBradley G Walter, uDaroff B uRobert, uFenichel M Gerald, uJancovic, uJoseph Neurology kwinkqubo yeklinikhi, imigaqo yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Philadelphia Elsevier, 2004.
Ulungiswe nguHeidi Moawad MD