I-malm ye-arteriovenous (AVM) yiqela lemithambo yegazi edibeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nomnye. I-AVM ziyakwenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kwaye i-AVM yengqondo ingaba yingozi nakakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo, elinye igama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-AVM "yi-fistula epterosis".
Sibanzi
I-AVM zenziwe ngamatriri kunye neemvini ezixhunyiwe komnye ngendlela engavamile.
I-Artery-to-Vein Connections
Kukho ezimbini iindidi eziphambili zemithanjeni yegazi: imirhoxo kunye nemifuno. Iimitha ze-arteries zizisa igazi eli-oxygen-rich rich from heart to every part of the body. Njengoko imirhobho ihamba ngokunyanisekileyo kwiifom, igalelo libe yimizila yegazi encinci, de ibe yincinci kwaye incinci. Le ndawo yemithambo encinci yegazi iyaziwa njengobhedi lwe-capillary, apho i-oksijeni ihanjiswa ngqo kwiiseli nganye emzimbeni. Iibhondi ze-Capillary zidibanisa ndawonye ukuze zenze imithanjeni, kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko ziphuma kwizitho zendlela yazo ukuya entliziyweni nasemiphakeni, apho igazi lizaliswa nge-oxygen.
Fumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nemithambo yegazi echaphazelekayo apha .
Ukunxibelelana kweArtery-to-Vein Connections
I-AVM yeBrains yenziwe ngamatriyiti kunye nemivilini edibeneyo ngendlela enokuba akukho bhedlele ye-capillary nonke. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lweemithambo luhanjiswe ngqo kwiimvini ngaphakathi kwe-AVM.
Ukugeleza okungaqhelekanga kwegazi kubangela indawo yokuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neengxubevange eziphakamileyo ezibangela i-AVM ukuba ibe mkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaye ichaphazele umsebenzi weengxube zengqondo ezijikelezile.
Ingaba ijongeka kanjani?
I-AVM yeBongo iyahluka ngobukhulu. Ezinye zizinto ezincinci kwaye zingenakubangela ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki. Abanye benze iindlela ezinkulu kunye neentlonelo zeetriyiti ezithinta ngamandla njengoko zidibanisa ngqo kwiimvini ze-AVM.
I-AVM ingafumaneka nakuphi na engqondweni, kubandakanywa ne-cortex yecerebral, umbandela omhlophe kunye ne-brainstem.
Ngubani ovelisa i-AVM yobuchopho?
I-AVMs yeBongo ithintela malunga ne-0.1% yabemi, kwaye ikhona xa izalwa, kodwa ayifumanekanga ilungu elinye lentsapho enye. Zenzeka ngokulinganayo kumadoda nabasetyhini.
Iimpawu ziqala nanini nayiphi na ubudala, kodwa akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu bafumaneke emva kweminyaka eyi-50.
Iimpawu
I-AVM ingahlamba okanye iqhume, kubangele iimpawu ezinzima zesifo se- subarachnoid . Phantse isiqingatha se-AVMs kubangela iimpawu zabo zokuqala ngale ndlela. Iimpawu ze-AVM ephulekileyo ziquka intlungu, ngokukhawuleza kwentlungu, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lobuso okanye umzimba, ukuxhatshazwa, ukudideka, ukulahleka kwengqondo okanye intlungu yentliziyo.
Phantse kwisiqingatha salabo abaneempawu ze-AVM nangona ukuba i-AVM ayifaki. Ezi zimpawu zingabandakanya ukuhluthwa , iintloko, kunye neempawu eziphazamisayo ezifana ne-hemiplegia okanye i-hemiparesis.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ingqondo yeC CT okanye ingqondo ye-MRI ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba unakho i-AVM.
Xa ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeke kwingqondo, i-AVM ingaba nzima ukuchonga ngenxa yobuninzi begazi. Ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne- cerebral angiogram, ingqondo ye-MRA okanye i-CTA yengqondo ngokucokisekileyo ukuhlola isitya segazi kwingqondo, kwaye sinokukunceda ngokucacileyo ukuchonga i-AVM.
Unyango
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zonyango ezikhoyo zibandakanya ukususwa kocwangco, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-endovascular, kunye ne-radiosurgery ye-stereotactic - yonke into enokusetyenziswa okanye yodwa. Injongo yalezi zonyango kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwamanzi, okanye ukuhlawulelwa kwakhona.
Umba okhoyo ngoku phantsi kophando olunzulu kukuba ngaba oogqirha kufuneka baphathe ii-AVM ezifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba zenze igazi. Umngcipheko wokuphuma kwegazi ulinganiswa nomngcipheko wokuhlinzwa ngokubhekiselele kumntu ngamnye kwizinto ezinjengezempilo jikelele kunye nokukwazi ukunyamezela ukuhlinzwa, indawo, ubukhulu kunye nokuma kwe-AVM.
Prognosis
Ukuxelwa kwe-AVM kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, kuqale nokuba i-AVM ifunyenwe ngaphambi okanye emva kokuphuma kwamanzi. Abangaphezu kwe-90% abo baphuma baphumelele kweso siganeko. Kulabo abakwa-AVM abo bafunyanwe ngaphambi kokuphuma, i-prognosis ihambelana ngqo nobukhulu be-AVM, iimpawu, ukusondela kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zeengqondo nokuba ingaba i-AVM iyayiphathwa okanye ayiyiyo.
ILizwi
Unokuxelelwa ukuba wena okanye othandekayo unayo i-AVM. Ukuba unesiphene segazi, njengobuthakathaka ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane ukubuyiswa kwakhona njengoko uphila. Ngokubanzi, ngokulandela ngokunyamekela kunye unyango, ukuhlaziya kwakho kuhle. Ingaba i-AVM yakho ikhuphe okanye ayikho, icebo lonyango lwakho luya kubandakanya ukulandelelana okufutshane kunye neqela lakho lononophelo lwempilo njengoko wena kunye noogqirha bakho nibona ukuba okanye unyango olululo lonyango olufanelekileyo.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuthotyelwa kwamanqaku okuhlaziywa okucwangcisiweyo kwiingcamango zengqondo ezingqinelanayo kunye nezikhokelo ze-PRISMA zesitatimende: Ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi. U-Akhigbe T, iZolnourian A, i-Bulters D, J Clin Neurosci. Ngo-2017 ngoMeyi; 39: 45-48