I- stroke ibonakala ngathi isiganeko esingalindelekanga. Kwaye, inxalenye enkulu, ayinakulinganiswa. Akukho mntu unokuqikelela ngokuqinisekileyo xa kuza kuphazamiseka. Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela zokujonga ukuba ngaba unako okanye ungancipheko ukuba ube nesifo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zezokwelapha ezilula, kwaye kunye neemvavanyo ezimbalwa ozenzayo kunokukunceda ukuba unqume ukuba unobungozi obukhulu bokubetha.
Ukufumana ingcamango yokuba kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nesifo sokubaluleka kubalulekile kuba izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi be-stroke zinokuguqulwa okanye ziguquguquke. Ezi zilandelayo zivavanyo zingakunceda ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwesenzo ofunekayo ukuba uthathe ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokuba nesifo.
I-Heart Auscultation
Xa ugqirha wakho ephulaphula intliziyo yakho usebenzisa i-stethoscope, izandi intliziyo yakho enokuyenza inokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akwazi ukuba unengxaki echaphazela enye yeentsimbi zentliziyo okanye nokuba unesilinganiselo esingaqhelekanga kunye neshyhyth of heartbeat yakho. Iingxaki zevilva zeentliziyo kunye neengxaki zengqungquthela yentliziyo ziyaziwa ngokukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwegazi. Ngethamsanqa, izifo zentliziyo ye-valves kunye neengcamango zentliziyo zonyango ziya kunyangwa xa zifunyenwe.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba unesandi senhliziyo engavamile, unokufuna ukuphononongwa kwakhona kunye novavanyo olwenziwe lwezonyango, njenge-electrocardiogram (EKG) okanye i-echocardiogram.
EKG
I-EKG ijonge intliziyo yakho ngengoma ngokusebenzisa i-discs encinci yensimbi ebeka phezu kwesikhumba esifuba. Uvavanyo olungenalubuhlungu, i-EKG ayifaki iisaliti okanye iinjenge kwaye ayifuni ukuba uthathe nawaphi na amayeza. Xa une-EKG, iifomati eziveliswa ngopompyutha ziveliswa, ezihambelana nentliziyo yakho.
Le ndlela yokutshulwa, enokunyatheliswa ephepheni, uxelela oogqirha bakho ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nendlela intliziyo yakho isebenza ngayo. Isantya senhliziyo esingaqhelekanga okanye isandi esingenasiphelo sentliziyo singakubeka engozini yokubetha.
Enye yeyona ntliziyo eqhelekileyo isingqungquthela, i-fibrillation ye-atrial, yandisa ukwakhiwa kwamacwecwe egazi anokuya echosheni, kubangela ukubetha. I-fibrillation ye-Atrial ayiqhelekanga kwaye yintliziyo engathandabuzekiyo isingoma esingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abafunyaniswa ukuba bane-fibrillation ye-atrial kufuneka ukuba bathathe abagcini begazi ukuba banciphise amathuba okuba ne-stroke.
Echocardiogram
I-echocardiogram ayiqhelekanga njengeminye imvavanyo kuloluhlu. I-echocardiogram ayithathwa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya inani leengxaki zentliziyo ezingenakukwazi ukuvavanywa ngokugcwele ngentliziyo kunye ne-EKG. I-echocardiogram yintlobo yesimo se-ultrasound esisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuhamba kwenhliziyo. Umfanekiso oshukumisayo wentliziyo yakho ekusebenzeni, kwaye ayifuni izilingo okanye iilenki. I-echocardiogram ithatha ixesha elide ukugqiba ngaphezu kwe-EKG. Ukuba une-echocardiogram, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukubonisana nodokotela we-cardiologist, ngubani ugqirha onokufumanisa nokulawula isifo senhliziyo.
Ifuthe legazi
Abantu abangaphezu kwama-3/4 abantu abanobuhlungu besifo sogxininisa, esele sachazwa nje ngokuba ngumxinzelelo wegazi ngaphezu kwe-140mmHg / 90 mmHg. Izikhokelo ezisandul ' ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha malunga nokunyanga ingozi yexinzelelo lwentliziyo zincoma i-systolic yexinzelelo yegazi okanye ngaphantsi kwejoliswe kwi-120 mmHg. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa uxelelwe ngaphambili ukuba unomngcipheko wegazi, umxinzelelo wakho wegazi unokuthi ungene kwicandelo loxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwaye, ukuba uthabatha imishanguzo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ungadinga ukulungiswa kwimizi yesifo semithi ukuze ufikelele kwingcaciso entsha yexinzelelo legazi.
Uxinzelelo lwentliziyo lithetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphakanyisiwe ngokungapheliyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kuholele kwizifo zemithwalo yegazi entliziyweni, imiraro ye-carotid kunye nemithambo yegazi kwingqondo , konke okubangela ukubetha. Uxinzelelo lwe-hypertension ngumqathango wezokwelapha olawulwayo. Abanye abantu banomdla wokugonywa komzimba, kwaye kukho izinto zokuphila ezifaka isandla kunye nokunyusa umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ulawulo lwexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi ludibanisa ulawulo lokutya, isithintelo setyuwa, ukulawula ubunzima, ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nemithi yokugonywa kwamagunya.
I-Carotid Auscultation
Unemibhobho ephezulu, ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo ye-carotid, entanyeni yakho. Iimitha ze-carotid zihambisa igazi kwingqondo yakho. Izifo zala mathambo zikhokelela ekubunjweni kweengxube zegazi ezinokuya kwiingqondo. La macala egazi adala ukuphazamiseka ngokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwimida yeengqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokuxelela ukuba omnye okanye zombini weempawu ze-carotid unesi sifo ngokuphulaphula ukuphuma kwegazi entanyeni yakho nge-stethoscope.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba unesandi esingaqhelekanga esibonisa isifo se-carotid, uya kufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-carotid ultrasound okanye i-carotid angiogram, ukuqhubeka uhlalutya impilo yemithambo ye-carotid. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba isifo se-carotid isifo esiphezulu, ungadinga ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa ukukhusela isifo.
Amanqanaba amafutha kunye neCholesterol
Igazi lakho le-cholesterol kunye namanqatha amanqwanqwa alinganiswa ngokulula kwegazi. Kule minyaka, ingxoxo enkulu iye yavela malunga 'namafutha amnandi' kunye 'namafutha ambi' ekudleni kwakho. Kungenxa yokuba uphando lwezobugqirha luye lwafumanisa ngokuthe ngcaciso ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga neentlobo zokutya ezichaphazela i-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba e-triglycerides egazini. Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi kumanqanaba aphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ngenxa yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba aphezulu egazi we-triglycerides kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol yingozi yengozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imbangela yezofuzo okanye izondlo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinkozo ezininzi kunye ne-cholesterol zingakhokelela kwizifo ze-vascular kwaye zinganceda ekubunjweni kwegazi, okubangela ukubetha nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
Izikhokelo zamanje zamanqatha aphezulu wegazi kunye namazinga e-cholesterol zi:
* Ngezantsi kwe-150 mg / dL ye-triglycerides
* Ngezantsi kwe-100 mg / dL yeLDL
* Ngaphezulu kwe-50 mg / dl ye-HDL
* Ngezantsi kwe-200 mg / dL ye-cholesterol epheleleyo
Fumana okunye malunga namafutha akho afanelekileyo kunye nee-cholesterol kwaye ufunde kabanzi malunga nezikhokelo zamanqatha kunye ne-cholesterol ekudleni kwakho . Ukuba uye waphakamisa amanqanaba neoli ne-cholesterol, kufuneka wazi ukuba ezi ziphumo eziphathekayo kwaye unokunciphisa amanqanaba akho ngokudibanisa ukutya, umzimba kunye namayeza.
I-Blood Sugar
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamaxesha amabini ukuya kathathu amathuba okuba bafumane unxepheko kubo bonke ubomi babo. Ukongezelela, abantu abanesifo sikashukela banokuthi babe ne-stroke ubuncinci kwiminyaka emncinci kunabangabesifo sikashukela. Kukho iimvavanyo eziliqela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi. Ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba ngaba unesifo sikashukela okanye umntu ongasifumaneki nesifo sikashukela.
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-glucose yegazi lithetha izinga legazi legazi lakho emva kweeyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwe-12 zokuzila ukutya kokutya nokusela. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin A1c, luvavanya impembelelo yamanqanaba akho e-glucose jikelele emzimbeni weeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwe-12 ngaphambi kokuba uthathe uvavanyo lwegazi. Ukutya i-glucose kunye ne-hemoglobin Iziphumo zovavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuba unqume ukuba unayo isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela, okanye isifo sikashukela esingazange siphendule. Isifo sikashukela sisifo esinokunyanga esingalawulwa ngokutya, amayeza okanye zombini.
Ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo
Oku akunjalo 'ukuvavanya' njengoko kukugqiba ukuba ngaba unako ukuthatha inxaxheba ekunyamekeleni rhoqo. Oku kubandakanya ukukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokugqoka, ukuxubha amazinyo, ukuhlamba, ukunyamekela ucoceko lwakho kunye nokuzondla. Ukukwazi ukunciphisa ngokuzimeleyo le mi sebenzi kuboniswe ukuba yi-stroke predictor. Ngako oko, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuba uqaphela ukuba wena okanye wakho umthandayo ulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza amandla okunyamekela. Unokwenza uphando ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nendlela yokuzinyamekela ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umngcipheko wakho .
Ukuhamba ngesivinini
Olunye uphando lwezenzululwazi olusuka kwi-Albert Einstein College of Medicine olujonge isantya sokuhamba kwabafazi abangama-13 000 lubone ukuba abo bahamba ngesantya esincinci sokuhamba ngesantya babenomngcipheko omkhulu we-stroke ongama-67% kunabo bahamba ngesivinini esheshayo. Ukuhamba kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinjengeamandla omzimba, ukulungelelanisa, ukulinganisela kunye nenhliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Ngako oko, ngelixa kungenakuphi na ukubaluleka 'ukukhawuleza' ukuhamba kwakho nje ngenxa yokukhawulezisa, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza yiflegi ebomvu engabonisa ukuba ingozi yecroke.
Amanyathelo ahambayo ahambayo asetyenziswa yi-Albert Einstein College of Medicine ichaza isivinini sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza njengemitha eyi-1,24 ngomzuzwana, isivinini sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo njenge-1.06-1.24 iimitha ngeesibini kunye nesantya sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza esicotha ngaphezu kwe-1.06 iimitha ngomzuzwana.
Ukuma kwiNye Mnye
Abaphandi baseJapan baye bapapasha iziphumo zophando lwezenzululwazi ezigqityiweyo zokuba unako ukuma emlenzeni owodwa ixesha elide ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20 yinye isalathisi esinokumisela amathuba omntu wokuba ne-stroke. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abadala abazange bakwazi ukuma emlenzeni omnye ixesha elide ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20 babenomlando wokubetha. Izibetho ezizenzekileyo ziyizibetho ezingabangela ukuba zibonakaliswe zizibonakaliso ze-neurological, kodwa zinokuba nemiphumo emnene okanye engaqondakaliyo njengobunzima bokulinganisela, imemori kunye nokuzinakekela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpembelelo ezingcolileyo zesifo esicacileyo zingabonakaliswa, kwaye ngoko ke umntu oye wafumana izibetho ezingenasicatshulwa ngokungaqhelekanga ngabo. Kodwa, ukuba unesifo esicacileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba usengozini yokubetha kwaye kufuneka uqale ukuthatha inyathelo ukuthetha nodokotela wakho malunga nezindlela zokunciphisa amathuba okuba unxephezelo. Ukongezelela, kukho imilinganiselo yendlela yokuphila enganciphisa amathuba akho okuba nesifo.
Imithombo:
Ukwahlukana ngokwezesondo kwixesha eliphambili lokubetha kwesicikicikisi: iimbono zangoku, u-Alyana A Samai noSheryl Martin-Schild, iMpilo yeVascular kunye noLawulo lweengozi, ngoJulayi 2015
Isantya sokuhamba kunye nomngcipheko wesiganeko sesistimicic phakathi kwabafazi be-postmenopausal, i-McGinn AP, i-Kaplan RC, i-Verghese J, i-Rosenbaum DM, i-Psaty BM, iBaird AE, i-Lynch JK, i-Wolf PA, i-Kooperberg C, i-Larson JC, i-Wassertheil-i-Smoller S, i-Stroke, ngo-2008