Izifo zesifo se-thyroid zivame ukuvelisa iingxaki zentliziyo. Enyanisweni, esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuxilonga nokunyanga isifo se-thyroid kukuthintela iimeko zengqondo ezinokubangelwa kuyo.
Sibanzi
Ingqungquthela ye-thyroid yincinci encinci entanyeni ngaphantsi kwe-apple ka-Adam, kwaye inoxanduva lokulawula imisebenzi emininzi yomzimba ebalulekileyo.
Ngokuvelisa inani elifanelekileyo le-hormone ye-thyroid, i-thyroid inceda ukulawula umzimba wakho wegazi-kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakanani i-oksijini nombane wakho umzimba - kunye nomsebenzi wakho wokugaya inyama, umsebenzi we-muscle kunye ne-tone yesikhumba.
Enyanisweni, i-thyroid inefuthe elithile kwiphulo ngalinye kumzimba, kuquka intliziyo.
Kumntu ophantse kuluphi na uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo se-thyroid kunokunyusa iimpawu zomzimba okanye kubangele ezintsha, kwaye kunokukhawulezisa ingxaki yesifo. Isifo se-Thyroid sinokuvelisa iingxaki zentliziyo entsha kubantu abaneentliziyo ezinempilo.
Isifo se-Thyroid sichaphazela intliziyo okanye ngokuvelisa i-hormone encinci ye-thyroid (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- hypothyroidism ) okanye i-hormone ye-thyroid kakhulu (ebizwa ngokuba yi- hyperthyroidism ). Zombini iintlobo zeengxaki ze-thyroid ziqhelekileyo kwaye zombini zinokuchaphazeleka kakhulu entliziyweni.
Hypothyroidism
I-hormone ye-thyroid ibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi evamile yengqondo. Xa kungekho i-hormone ye-thyroid eyaneleyo, akukho ntliziyo okanye imithwalo yegazi inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kwi-hypothyroidism, izinga elincitshisiweyo le-hormone ye-thyroid lenza ukuba imisipha yentliziyo iqhume ngamandla kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe buthathaka.
Ukongeza, intliziyo yesisu ayikwazi ukuphumla ngokupheleleyo emva kwentliziyo nganye.
Ukuhluleka ukuphumla kunokuvelisa ukukhubazeka kwe-diastolic, imeko engakhokelela ekuphelelweni kwentliziyo . I-Hypothyroidism nayo ibangela ukuba imithwalo yegazi iqine, leyo ingavelisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu .
Iimpawu ze-cardiac ziyakwenzeka kunoma ubani ophethe i-hypothyroidism, kodwa banokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zengqondo ezinxulumene ne-hypothyroidism ziquka:
- I-Dyspnea -Ukuphefumula ngokunyamezela nokunyamezela ukunyamezela kwi-hypothyroidism ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobuthakathaka kwimisipha yamathambo. Kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo, kungenzeka ngenxa yokwehliswa kwentliziyo.
- Iqondo lentliziyo elincinci ( ibradycardia ) -Izinga lentliziyo lilandelelwe yi-hormone ye-thyroid. Ngoko, nge-hypothyroidism, isantya senhliziyo isoloko i-10 ukuya kwe-20 ibetha ngomzuzu ophantsi kuneyona evamile. Ngokukodwa kwizigulane ezinesifo senhliziyo, nangona kunjalo, i-hypothyroidism inokubangela ukonakalisa ukuthambekela kokubetha kwangaphambili (njengama- PVCs ) kwaye kunokubangela i-frilling friction.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Diastolic -Unye unokucinga ukuba, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-hormone ye-thyroid igxininisa imetabolism, abantu abane-hypothyroidism banokufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi . Ngokuqhelekileyo, okuphambene ninyaniso-imingxube ayinamandla kwi-hypothyroidism, ebangela ukuba i-diastolic yegazi ithinte.
- Ukuphuculwa kwentsikelelo yeentliziyo okanye ukutshabalalisa kwintsholongwane yentliziyo -Hypothyroidism ingenza ukukhubazeka kweentliziyo zibi kakhulu kwaye kunokuvelisa ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo okokuqala kwizigulane ezinezifo zentliziyo.
- I-Edema (ukukhukhuma) -I-Edema inokuvela ngenxa yokuphulukana kwenhliziyo. Ukongeza, i-hypothyroidism ngokwayo inokuvelisa uhlobo lwe-edema ebizwa ngokuba yi-myxedema, ebangelwa ukuqokelela kwamaprotheni angavamile kunye namanye ama-molecule kwi-interstitial fluid (zangaphandle zamanzi kwiiseli zomzimba).
- Ukuphuculwa kwe- coronary artery disease (CAD) -Ukuba ukunciphisa i-hormone ye-thyroid ingakwazi ukwenza i-angina (ukungazinzi esifubeni kunye ne-CAD) rhoqo kwiigulane ezine-angina, ukwanda kwe-LDL i-cholesterol (i-cholesterol embi) kunye neprotheyini esebenzayo yeC kunye ne-hypothyroidism inokukhawulezisa nayiphina i-CAD.
I-Hypothyroidism ihlala yimeko epholileyo . Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ngoko iimpawu zayo "zingagxotha" kuwe. Ngaphezu koko, ngokukodwa kubantu abadala, i-hypothyroidism ihlala ikhona ngaphandle kwenkqoqo yeenkcukacha "zezifundo" oogqirha abahlala balindele.
Kwakhona, i-hypothyroidism idla rhoqo kunokuba oogqirha abaninzi bayaziqonda. Ngoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ibonisa ukuba i-hypothyroidism kwaye ugqirha awunayo inkcazelo ekulungeleyo okanye ekholisayo kubo (ingakumbi ukuba usenayo isifo senhliziyo nayiphi na uhlobo), kufuneka ucele ugqirha wakho ukuba alinganise ama-hormone e-thyroid.
I-Hypothyroidism iphathwa ngeyeza le-hormone . Unyango olwaneleyo lwe-hypothyroidism luyinkqantosi kwaye inokuphikisana.
Hyperthyroidism
I-Hyperthyroidism ibangelwa kukunyuka kwe-hormone ye-thyroid. Xa kuninzi i-hormone ye-thyroid, intliziyo yesifuba "iyahlanjululwa" njengehashe kwaye, ngokuba umntu onesifo senhliziyo ufana nokubetha ihashe elikhathele.
I-hormone ye-thyroid eyongezelayo ikwandisa amandla okuqhaqhaza kwintliziyo yesisindo kwaye yandisa inani le-oksijini elifunwa yintliziyo. Kwakhona kwandisa izinga lentliziyo. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wentliziyo unyuke kakhulu.
Iimpawu ze-cardiac ziyakwenzeka kumntu onomdla we-hyperthyroidism, kodwa unokuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Isantya senhliziyo esheshayo (i- tachycardia ) kunye neepilpitations -Ukuhamba (oko kukuthi, ukungaxhamli) i-hyperthyroidism yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokunyuka kwenani lentliziyo ngokuphumla kunye nokusebenza kancinci. I-Hyperthyroidism kufuneka ihlale ilawulwa ngaphandle kweemvavanyo zegazi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i- sinus tachycardia engalunganga . Ngokukodwa kwizigulane ezinezifo zentliziyo, i-hyperthyroidism inokuvelisa nezinye i-arrhythmias, ezifana ne-PVC, i-tricycardia ye-ventric, kunye ne-fibrillation ye -rial . Enyanisweni, kubalulekile ukulawula i-hyperthyroidism kunoma ubani onobuncwane obunobungozi begazi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
- I-hypertension ye- Systolic -Ukuqhaqhaqhaqha kwe-cardiac kukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic (uxinzelelo phakathi kwemithambo yegazi ngexesha lokuqhaqha komzimba).
- UDyspnea ngokunyamezela -Ukuphefumla kungenziwa ngenxa yobuthakathaka obubuthakathaka obuxhatshazwayo obuchaphazelekayo kunye ne-hyperthyroidism okanye ukunyuka kwenhliziyo.
- Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo -Hyperthyroidism ngokwayo inokuvelisa ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kodwa yinto encinane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba isifo senhliziyo esele sisekho ngaphambili, ukunyuka kweentliziyo ezingapheliyo nge-hyperthyroidism kuyaqhelekileyo kwaye kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga.
- Ukuphucula i- angina -Izigulane kunye neCAD zidla ngokubhetele kwiimpawu nge-hyperthyroidism. Ezi ziquka ukunyuswa kwe-angina okanye kwintlungu yesifo.
Njengoko i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperthyroidism ingaba khona ngaphandle kokuvelisa iimpawu zeencwadi zakudala. Ngoko ke nabani na onayo nayiphi na le mpawu yeengqondo ezingenakucaciswa ngokucacileyo kufuneka ukuba umsebenzi wabo we-thyroid ulinganiswe.
Indlela "eyona nto" yokuphatha i-hyperthyroidism iphikisana. E-US, oogqirha abaninzi banokukhawuleza ukuphelisa i- thyroid yegrojite engasebenzi kakhulu nge-iodine ye-radioactive . Bese banikela isigulane se-thyroid i-hormone iipilisi ukusuka kwi-thyroid gland ayisasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuba yimpazamo kuba i-thyroid engapheliyo iyisigaba esingaphantsi kwesifo sikaHashimoto , apho iimeko ezithintela i-thyroid gland ayimfuneko.
Ngexa usebenzise iziyobisi ukwenzela ukuba unqande i-thyroid gland (njengeTapazole okanye i-PTU e-US) yakha olunye ulawulo lwexesha elide loogqirha, iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba kunokukhokelela ekugqibeleni izigulane ezinonophelo.
ILizwi
Isifo se-Thyroid singaphazamisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo ezininzi zequmrhu lomzimba. Phakathi kweengxaki ezinzulu kakhulu ezinokubangelwa zizifo ze-thyroid ziingxaki ezichaphazela intliziyo. Enyanisweni, isifo se-thyroid sisisifo esiqhelekileyo esinokukhubazeka kweemeko zentliziyo. Nabani na ohlakulela iimpawu zesifo somzimba malunga nokuba nayiphi na uhlobo kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba ugqirha wabo uhlola iimvavanyo zabo zomsebenzi we-thyroid, kwaye nokuba nayiphi na imeko ye -roid efunyenweyo iyafumaneka ngokufanelekileyo.
> Imithombo
> Klein I, Ojamaa K. I-Hormone yeTyroid kunye neNkqubo yeeNdio. N Engl J Med 2001 Feb 15; 344 (7): 501-9.
> Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, uBauer AJ, et al. Izikhokelo Zonyango Lwe-Hypothyroidism: Lulungiswe Ngu-American American Thyroid Association Task Force Kwi-Hormone Replacement. Thyroid 2014; 24: 1670.
> Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 Izikhokelo ze-American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism kunye nezinye izizathu ze Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1343.