I-Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) isifo esenzeka xa isifo sakho se-thyroid-encinci, intlanzi eluhlaza-ntlanzi ehlala entanyeni yakho-ivelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiselwe kuyo njenge-thyroid engasebenzi, i-hyperthyroidism inokunyusa umthamo we-metabolism, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo, ukunqabisa iinwele, ukujuluka, nokunye. Iimvavanyo zegazi zixilonga, kwaye unyango luquka imithi yonyango, nangona iimeko ezinzulu zingenza ukuba i-ablation okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwegciwane le-thyroid.
Ngokufumana ingqiqo yento efana ngayo nokuba ne-hyperthyroidism, kunye nendlela esi sifo sichazwa ngayo kwaye siyaphathwa ngayo, unokuqiniseka ukuba uzive unamandla xa uhamba ngendlela yakho ye-thyroid-ukusuka kwi-diagnostic ukuya kubaphathi.
Iimpawu
Xa usebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-thyroid yakho isebenzisa iodine yokutya ukuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid. Le hormone ilawula indlela izitho zakho, izigulane, izicubu kunye neeseli zisebenzisa oksijini namandla. Ngomveliso ogqithiseleyo, iinkqubo zomzimba wakho "zikhawuleza." Ngoko, umzekelo, intliziyo yakho iqhuma igazi ngokukhawuleza (kubangela intliziyo yokugijima), kwaye ubuchopho bakho buya kwi-overdrive, okwenza kube nzima ukulala.
Ezinye iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism ziquka:
- Ukukhathazeka kunye / okanye ukucasula
- Ukunyuka kwesisindo ngaphandle kokutya
- Ukuziva kushushu xa abanye bebanda (ukunyamezela)
- Ukuphosa ngaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo
- Izinwele zokunxiba kunye nekhanda eligqithisileyo
- Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka
- Isalathisi esibonakalayo okanye esinokubaluleka kwindawo yakho ye-thyroid / intamo (goiter)
Le miqondiso, nangona kunjalo, iphela yintsika ye-iceberg. Kukho iimpawu ezininzi, ezinye zifihlakeleyo kunabanye, ezinokubangela ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperthyroidism.
Izizathu
Kukho imimiselo yezempilo okanye iimeko ezenza hyperthyroidism .
Isifo seMangcwaba sisona siqhelekileyo, sichaphazele ngaphezu kwe-70 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza we-hyperthyroidism.
Kwizifo ze-Graves, isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela singakhange siphumelele izixhobo zokulwa nezifo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid ezenza i-antibodies (TSI), ezithintela i-thyroid gland, ezenza ukuba i-hormone ye-thyroid igqithise.
Ezinye izizathu ze hyperthyroidism ziquka:
- I-goiter ye-goiterular goiter
- Ukungasebenzi ngokugqithisileyo kwegciwane le-thyroid (elibizwa ngokuba yi-adenoma enetyhefu)
- I-Thyroiditis: Le meko evuzayo ingabangela izinto ezifana nokusuleleka, ukuxhatshazwa, imitha okanye i-postpartum period.
- Ukuthatha i-hormone ephezulu ye-thyroid, mhlawumbi ngokusetyenziswa komrhumo okanye ukusetyenziswa komrhumo
- I-iodine-excess hyperthyroidism
- I-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana kwisifo sikaHashimoto
- Ixesha elifutshane le-hyperthyroidism ye-hyperemesis gravidarum
- I-hyperthyroidism eyenziwa nge-Pituitary
- I-fetal-neonatal hyperthyroidism
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperthyroidism kubandakanya amanyathelo athile abalulekileyo.
Uvavanyo lweZliniki
Ngexesha leemviwo zekliniki, ugqirha uya kuhlola i-personal and family history yakho ye-thyroid kunye nesifo sokuzimela, uhlaziye iimpawu zakho, kwaye uhlole i-thyroid yakho ngesandla. Ugqirha uya kukhangela ezinye iimpawu zeklinikhi ze-hyperthyroidism njengezinga eliphezulu lentliziyo, i- goiter , kunye neengcamango ezingakumbi, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kweGazi
Iimvavanyo zegazi zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hyperthyroidism. Uvavanyo oluphambili lwegazi elisetyenziselwa i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating test (TSH) yegazi.
Xa i-thyroid ikhiqiza i-hormone kakhulu ye-thyroid, izinga le-TSH liphantsi.
Ugqirha wakho unokuyila i-thyroxine yamahhala (FT4) okanye i-thyroxine index (FTI), ngokuxhomekeka kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lwe-TSH. Abantu abane-hyperthyroidism baya kuba ne-FT4 okanye i-FTI ephakamileyo.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ziquka:
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Zixhobo zeTyroid
U vavanyo
I-scan ye-thyroid ebizwa ngokuba yi-iodine yokukhangela i-iodine (RAI-U) isetyenziselwa ukucacisa imbangela yakho ye-hyperthyroidism (umzekelo, isifo se-Graves kunye ne-toxicular goiter goiter).
Unyango
I-Hyperthyroidism iphathwa ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngamachiza e-antithyroid
- Ukunyuka kwe-thyroid gland nge-iode ye-radioactive, eyaziwa njenge-RAI
- Ugqirha ukususa konke okanye inxalenye ye-thyroid
Yiyiphi unyango ojongene nayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, ezinjengezizathu kunye nobunzima be-hyperthyroidism yakho, ubudala bakho, ukhetho lwakho kunye nempilo yakho yonke.
Unokumiselwa kwakhona uhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-beta-blocker ukuze unciphise izinga lentliziyo yakho kwaye unciphise intshukumo yakho okanye uxhalabe.
Ukunganyanga iindidi ezininzi ze-hyperthyroid kunokukhokelela kwisimo senhliziyo esingaqhelekanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, nokuba nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha, njengengxenye yesifo esichengela ubomi esibizwa ngokuba sisiqhwithi se-thyroid .
Kwezinye iimeko, izigulane zonyango ziya kuxolelwa ngenxa yeziyobisi ze-antithyroid okanye utshintsho lomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezigulane ze-Graves kunye ne-hyperthyroidism zidinga unyango lwezonyango zokuhlala zonyango okanye enye yeenkqubo ezisisigxina ezibhalwe ngasentla.
ILizwi
Ulwazi lunamandla. Ngokufunda izinto ezisisiseko ze-hyperthyroidism, sele usisinyathelo esingaphambili (okanye othandayo) uhambo lwe-thyroid.
Nangona ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperthyroidism kunokubonakala kunzima ngamanye amaxesha (kukuqhelekile ukuba ube nexhala malunga nokuthatha unyango olutsha okanye ukuqhuba inkqubo entsha okanye unyango), sinethemba lokuba ingqondo yakho ikhululekile ukwazi ukuba esi sifo sonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Thyroid Association. (2018). I-Hyperthyroidism FAQs .
> Ross DS et al. 2016 Izikhokelo ze-American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism kunye nezinye izizathu ze Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid . 2016 Oct; 26 (10): 1343-1421.