Ukuthetha ngezizathu ze- hyperthyroidism kudinga ingxoxo yezinto ezinokwenzeka ngakumbi-izifo ze-Graves, thyroiditis, goiter, nabanye-ngaphandle kohlobo oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kukho uhlobo oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo ngokuba zonke zibangelwa i-thyroid gland ukuvelisa i-hormone kakhulu ye-thyroid, indlela abayenza ngayo iyahluka. Izizathu ezimbalwa zibangelwa ukuphepha, kodwa uninzi-kwaye ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi na ingcambu yecala lakho lithile ludinga ukuvavanya.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Izizathu ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid ezingaphezu kokusebenzayo zizifo ze- Graves , i-nodular or nodin multinodular goiter , ne- thyroiditis .
Izifo zeMangcwaba
Isifo seMangcwaba, isifo esizimele, sisona sizathu esiqhelekileyo se-hyperthyroidism e-United States. KwiSifo seMangcwaba, isistim somzimba somntu sivelisa izifo ezinqamlekileyo ezibophelela kwiiseli ze-thyroid, ezibangela ukuba zenze i-hormone ye-thyroid.
I-Goxicity Nodular okanye iMultinodular Goiter
I-goxic nodxic okanye i-goiter multinodular ibonakaliswe ngumbutho omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-thyroid okanye iziqhumane ezivelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha lezi zibane zibizwa ngokuba "zigunci ezitshisa," kuba zifumana i-radioiodine kwi-test ye-iodine.
Thyroiditis
I-Thyroiditis ithetha ukuba "ukuvuvukala kwegciwane le-thyroid" kwaye lixesha lembotyi ngenxa yeengxaki ezininzi ze-thyroid ezivuthayo.
Omnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo we-thyroiditis ngowama-postpartum thyroiditis, okwenzeka emva kokuba umfazi abelethe.
Abanye abafazi bafumana i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana, ilandelwa yi-hypothyroidism yesikhashana, kanti abanye abafazi bafumana i-hyperthyroidism kuphela, kanti abanye ke, kuphela i-hypothyroidism.
Ukongeza kwithuba lokuhamba emva, i-thyroiditis ingabangela ukusuleleka (umzekelo, ibhaktheriya eyonakalisa iiseli ze-thyroid), imithi ethile (umzekelo, i-amiodarone, i-lithium, okanye i-interferon), ukuxhatshazwa, i-radiation, okanye uxinzelelo olukhulu.
Okokugqibela, i-subacute thyroiditis (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Quervain's thyroiditis) yenza ukuba i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana ilandelwe ngethutyana (nangona ngamanye amaxesha unesigxina) i-hypothyroidism. Into ekhethekileyo yokuhlupha i-thyroiditis kukuba umntu uya kuba ne-thyroid gland.
Ezinye izizathu
Nangona iimeko ezininzi ze-hyperthyroidism zibangelwa apha ngasentla, ezinye izizathu nazo ziyakucingelwa:
Imithi-Yenza i-Hyperthyroidism
Ukuthatha i-hormone ye-thyroid eyininzi-mhlawumbi ngengozi okanye ngokuzenzela ngamachiza-ngamabango-kunokubangela ukuba imithi-inxulunxiswe i-hyperthyroidism. Ezinye izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-counter-counter-counter, izondlo kunye ne-glandular supplements nazo ziqulethe i-hormone esebenzayo ye-thyroid, engenza ube ne-hyperthyroid.
Iodine
Ukugqithiswa okanye ukungenisa ubuninzi be-iodine (umzekelo, ukuthatha i-iodine okanye i-additives ene- iodine ) kunokubangela i-hyperthyroidism.
I-Hyperthyroidism yesikhashana kwiintsholongwane zikaHashimoto
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abaneHashimoto's thyroiditis bane-hypothyroid, njengoko isistim somzimba somzimba sithintela izicubu ze-thyroid. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, nangona kunjalo, umntu unokuqala ukuba yi-hyperthyroid, ngaphambi kokuba abe yi-hypothyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yiHashitoxicosis.
I-Hyperthyroidism emfutshane yeHyperemesis Gravidarum
I-Hyperemesis gravidarum yintlungu engavumelekanga yokuqhubela isicupuchezelo kunye nokuhlanza nokunyuka kwe-5% okanye ngaphezulu xa ukhulelwe.
Abanye abesifazana abane-hyperemesis gravidarum bahlakulela i-hyperthyroidism, nangona ama-hormone e-thyroid ngokuqhelekileyo aphakanyisiwe.
I-Pituitary-Induced Hyperthyroidism
I-pituitary gland yakho ibizwa ngokuba yi "master" gland, njengoko ivelisa i-hormone edala ezinye iingqungquthela, njenge-thyroid gland, ukukhulula amanye amahomoni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-hyperthyroidism ezibangelwa i-pituitary, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-central hyperthyroidism. Olunye uhlobo lubangelwa i-tumor kwi-pituitary gland eyenza i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating, okanye i-TSH (ebizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary adenoma).
Ngaphandle kohlobo luhlobo olubandakanya ukukhutshwa kwe-TSH ngokugqithisileyo nge-pituitary gland ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemfuza kwi-gene ifom ye-hormone receptor.
I-Fetal-Neonatal Hyperthyroidism
Isifo seMangcwaba sisona sizathu esiqhelekileyo se-hyperthyroidism ekukhulelweni, nangona kusengavamile, kuvela kwi-1 kwabangu-1500 abafazi abakhulelweyo, ngokwe-American Thyroid Association.
Kula mabhinqa abaneSifo se-Graves (okanye imbali ye-Graves's disease), malunga neepesenti ezi-2 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini lwabo abasana kuzalwa bahlakulela umntwana okanye umntwana onama-hyperthyroidism, obonakaliswa yimpawu neempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka ukunyuka kweembilini, ukunyuka kwenani lentliziyo, isisindo sokuzalwa esincinane, umthamo omncinci wentloko, kunye ne-thyroid egxinyiweyo (goiter).
Genetics
I-Genetics idlala indima ekuphuhliseni ama-Graves 'hyperthyroidism, njengoko kuboniswe ngento yokuba izihlwele zeGrives kwiintsapho.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthwala iizakhi ezithile (okanye nokuba nembali yentsapho ebalulekileyo kwizifo ze-Graves okanye ezinye izifo ezizimele) zingenza umntu akwazi ukuphuhlisa i-thyroid engaphelelanga kunomntu ongenaloo jeni.
Oko kwathiwa, izazinzulu azizange zitshitshise ngokupheleleyo le mibutho yezofuzo, ngoko ukuhlolwa kofuzo okwenziwe okwenziwe ngabantu abakhankanywe ngokuba nesifo se-Graves.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba indlela yokuphila okanye indawo yokusingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukutshaya okanye ukukhulelwa) kuyadingeka ukuba kuqaliswe ukuqala kwesifo se-thyroid. Ngoko umntu angakwazi ukuthwala izidalwa ezenza ukuba zisengozini kwi-Graves 'disease, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqala, abazange bahlakulele.
Izinto ezinobungozi eziqhelekileyo
Ukuqaphela izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko we-hyperthyroidism kunokukunceda ukuba ube nengxoxo enolwazi kunye nodokotela wakho kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho naziphi na izimpawu onokuzifumana:
- Ukuba ngumfazi
- Ukuba nembali yomntu okanye yentsapho yesifo esingafihliyo (umzekelo, i- rheumatoid arthritis , i- lupus okanye i- celiac disease )
- Ukuba nembali yomntu okanye yentsapho yesifo se-thyroid, kubandakanywa iigununu ze-thyroid
- Xa usanda ku khulelwa
- Ukutshaya
- Ukuthatha i-iodine intake okanye imithi eline-iodine (umzekelo, i-amiodarone)
- Ukufumana ingcinezelo kwi-thyroid gland
- Ukusilela kwi-Vitamin D kunye ne-selenium
- Ukufumana uxinzelelo lwengqondo (umzekelo, ukwahlukanisa okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumlingani)
> Imithombo:
> Bahn RS et al. I-Hyperthyroidism kunye Nezinye Izizathu Ze-Thyrotoxicosis: Izikhokelo zoLawulo lwe-American Thyroid Association kunye ne-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. I-Endocrine Practice. 2011; 17 (uNombolo 3).
> De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lance t 2016 Aug 27; 388 (10047): 906-18. dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 .16)00278-6
> IMarino M, iLatrofa F, i-Menconi F, i-Chiovato L, i-Vitti P. Indima yezinto eziphilayo kunye neengezizo zofuzo kwi-etiology yeSifo se-Graves. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015 Mar; 38 (3): 283-94.
> Ross DS. (2017). Ukuphazamiseka okubangela hyperthyroidism. Cooper DS, ed. Isemgangathweno. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.
> Smith TJ, izifo zeHegedus L. Graves. N Engl J Med . 2016 Oktobha 20; 375 (16): 1552-65.