I-Lupus isifo esizimeleyo esithatha iifom ezininzi, apho i-lupus erythematosus (SLE) ye-system efana nayo. I-Lupus inokuchaphazela nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ihlasela ulusu, amalunga, intliziyo, imiphunga, iiseli zegazi, iintso kunye nobuchopho. Kwii-1.5 yezigidi zaseMerika zinendlela ethile ye-lupus, ngokutsho kweLupus Foundation yaseMelika, malunga nama-16 000 athatyathwa ngokutsha ngonyaka.
Nabani na kunaliphi na ubudala abanokufumana esi sifo, nangona ezininzi izigulane ze-lupus ziphakathi kwabangama-15 no-45.
I-Immune System
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isimiso sethu sokuzivikela sikhusela umzimba wethu ngokuchasene nezidalwa eziphilayo ezinjengegciwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Ngenxa yesifo sokuzimela, le meko ikhuseleka ngokukhusela umzimba kwaye iqala ukuhlasela umzimba.
Xa oko kwenzeka, umntu unokufumana ukuvuvukala (into ephambili ye-lupus), intlungu, kunye nomonakalo wesisu. Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwaye kungabangela intlungu, ubushushu, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, kunye nokulahleka komsebenzi, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi (amalungu athile), ngaphandle (ikakhulu isikhumba), okanye zombini.
Izifo ezizenzekelayo ngokungafani ne-lupus zinokuba nzima ukuxilonga nokuzahlula.
Iintlobo zeLupus
Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-lupus ezichaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Nangona unalo uhlobo olufanayo lwe-lupus njengomnye umntu, iimpawu zakho aziyi kuba yinto efanayo, njengoko isifo sisodwa.
I-Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Ifom ye-lupus i-lupus erythematosus (i-SLE), echaphazelekayo i-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), enokuchaphazela amaninzi amaninzi omzimba, kuquka amajoyina, isikhumba, imithwalo yegazi kunye namalungu. Olu hlobo luthinta ama-70 ekhulwini abantu abanesifo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo oko kuthethwa ngawo xa abantu bethetha "lupus."
ABANTU abanesifo banokudlula kwiminyaka ebomvu, ukukhathala okweqile, amaxhubu obuhlungu okanye amathukuthezi, okanye amafiva ngaphandle kokuqaphela umzekelo kwiirha okanye ugqirha owake wakwazi ukuxilonga i-SLE. Ezi zimpawu ziza kwaye zihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyakwazi ukusuka kwi-mild to severe.
I-SLE ixilongwa ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa i- anti-nuclear anti-test test (ANA) , echaza i-autoantibodies ezihlasela izicubu zomzimba kunye neeseli. I-ANA enhle ayitsho ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba unayo i-lupus, kodwa kunokuba isiphumo esinye sesigxina se-lupus ukuxilongwa okubandakanya iimpawu zakho, ukuhlolwa kweemvelo, kunye nezinye, iimvavanyo zonyango.
I-Lupus eyenziwa ngamachiza
I-lupus eyenziwa ngamachiza ihambelana neempawu ezifanayo, kodwa ziziswe ngokuthe ngqo ngeentlobo ezithile zeziyobisi, ngokuqhelekileyo zithathwa ixesha elide. I-lupus ekwenziwe ngamachiza ifumaneka ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba isicatshulwa siphelile, kwaye iimpawu zihlala ziphela ezinyangeni ezintandathu. Olu hlobo lubhalisa malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zamacala e-lupus.
Zininzi iziyobisi eziye zaziwa ngokubangela le fomu yesifo, kodwa ezininzi zibhekwa njengeziphambili eziphambili. Ziyi-anti-inflammatories, i-anticonvulsants, okanye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezinzima ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo se-thyroid, uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) kunye neengxaki ze-neuropsychiatric.
Ezi zintathu iziyobisi zisola nge-lupus ezibangelwa yiziyobisi zi:
- procainamide - esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-arrhythmias yenhliziyo
- i-hydralazine - isetyenziselwa ukuphatha umfutho wegazi
- i-isoniazid-isetyenziselwa ukuphatha isifo sofuba
Lupus
Abanye abantu banezibonakaliso zesikhumba kuphela se-lupus, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba bane-lupus-uhlobo oluhlukeneyo lwe-lupus, eyedwa, i-akhawunti engama-10 ekhulwini lwee-lupus. Nangona kunjalo, izilonda ze-lupus zincinci zenzeka nakubini kwisithathu kubantu abafumene i-SLE.
Nje ngezinye iifom ze-lupus, yimeko yokuba umzimba wakho uhlasela isikhumba sakhe esiqhelekileyo. Isizathu esona sale fomu asiyazi, nangona abafazi banakho ukufumana kwaye kwaye banokuhamba kwiintsapho.
Ukubhema i-cigarette nokukhanya kwelanga kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kuphuculise imeko.
Kukho, ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha, iintlobo ezintathu ze-lupus, equka:
- Isifo esingapheliyo (i- discoid lupus ): Kwi-discoid lupus, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesifo esingapheliyo se-lupus, izilonda ezivuthayo zikhula ebusweni bakho, indlebe, isikhumba, nakweminye imizimba yomzimba. Ezi zilonda zinokuba yi-crusty okanye i-scaly kwaye zidla ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo ababuhlungu okanye batsha. Ezinye izigulana zibika izilonda kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwesikhumba, okwenza izinwele ziphinde zikhule ngokwaneleyo kule mimandla. Uninzi lwabantu abane-lupus ye-disco ayifuni. Enyanisweni, ukufumanisa i-lupus ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda kunabesifazane.
- I-Subacute cutaneous : Iimpawu zesikhumba zokuhlukumeza i-lupus zincinci zivame ukuthobeka. Abantu abaneli meko, ekwayiyo yohlobo lwayo lwe-lupus, oluneemfumba ezibomvu, ezizinzileyo kunye eziphakanyisiweyo, izilonda zesikhumba. Ezi ziflethi zitholakala zodwa okanye ngamaqela kwaye zihluke ngobukhulu obuvela kwi-5 mm ukuya kwi-20 mm, ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwi-trunk, kubandakanywa nesifuba esingaphezulu nesemva. Phantse iipesenti ezili-10 zabantu abane-SLE baye baphazamisa i-lupus. Ezinye iziyobisi zingakhokelela ekuhambeni kwe-lupus.
- I-cutaneous cutaneous: Olu luhlobo lwenqabana ekhumba eyenzekayo xa i-SLE yakho isebenza. Izilonda ezinxulumene ne-lupus cutaneous ebonakalayo zibonakala njengeendawo ezicwebileyo zesikhumba ebomvu ebusweni, zikhumbuza ukutshiswa kwelanga-i-butterta butterfly . Ezi zilonda zingabonakala kwiingalo, imilenze kunye nomzimba, kwaye zifake iifoto . Nangona izilonda zingaphula isikhumba, aziyi kubuhlungu. Izilonda zivame ukubonakala ngexesha lomlilo okanye emva kokukhanya kwelanga.
Qaphela ukuba zombini ongapheliyo / ukufumanisa kunye nokuhlukumeza i-lupus engaphantsi kungavela ngokuzimeleyo, okanye ingaba yimbonakalo ye-SLE, ngelixa i-lupus enqamlekileyo ayikho ngaphandle kwe-SLE.
I-Lupus ye-Neonatal
I-neonatal lupus yinto engavumelekanga ye-lupus yesikhashana echaphazela umntwana okanye usana olutsha. Akuyiyo i-lupus yinyani: Iyenzeka xa i-autoantibodies yomama idluliselwa kumntwana wayo kwi-utero. Ezi zixhobo zithintela ulusu, intliziyo kunye negazi lomntwana. Ngenhlanhla, iintsana ezizalwe nge-neonatal lupus azikho mngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuhlisa i-SLE kamva ebomini.
Iintsana ezininzi ezine-lupus ziza kuba ne-skin breaks in birth. Bonke abanye baya kuphelisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kuhlengahlengisa ukusa.
I-Rashes, ngokwemyinge, iza kupheleka malunga neenyanga ezintandathu okanye emva kwangoko, njengoko i-autoantibodies zabesifazane zinyamalala ukusuka kwintsana. Unyango lwezilonda zesikhumba ngokuqhelekileyo alukho ngaphezu kwamafutha okuncedisa ukukhulula ubunzima bee-breakouts.
Nangona kunqabile, ezinye iintsana zoomama abane-lupus zizalelwe ngesimo senhliziyo esisigxina kodwa sonyango ngokusebenzisa i-pacemaker. Okungaqhelekanga kunokufunyanwa kwangoko ngeveki ye-18 yokukhulelwa.
Lupus yabantwana
I-lupus yabantwana ichaphazela kwindawo ephakathi kwama-5,000 no-10 000 abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala e-United States. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixilongwe rhoqo phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 kunye ne-15. Abantwana banoma yiphina ubudala banokuba ne-lupus, nangona kunjalo, kunye ne-lupus inokubetha abantwana banoma yimuphi umhlanga okanye ubuhlanga.
I-Lupus ithinta abantwana ngokufanayo ngendlela echaphazela ngayo abantu abadala ukuba ibonakalise ngokwahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye, nangona kubonakala ngathi inxaxheba ngaphezulu. Oku kubakho kuba abantwana baye bahlala begula ixesha elide xa bafumene i-diagnostic.
Iimpawu kubantwana zifana neempawu kubantu abadala, ezona zixhaphakile kwaye ziyakhathazeka. Izimpawu zokugula ezibonakalayo zibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukugqithisa ibhotela kunye nokubandakanyeka kwezintso. Uninzi lweziganeko zifunyaniswa ngempumelelo xa uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-ANA lufakiwe kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga .
Unyango luyadinga ukuba lukhusele ngakumbi kubantwana, kodwa oogqirha nabo kufuneka baqaphele ngokumalunga nemiphumo emide yexesha elide lemithi, ngakumbi i-corticosteroids njenge-prednisone. Uninzi lwabantwana lukhokelela ebuntwaneni obuqhelekileyo kunye nophatho olufanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela.
Iimpawu
Izimpawu zokuqala kunye ezingapheliyo ze-lupus zifanisa iimpawu zezifo ezininzi, ezinokubangela ukungahambi kakuhle. Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka:
- Fever
- Malaise, okanye ukuphazamiseka ngokubanzi
- Intlungu ehlangeneyo
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukukhathala
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akude kube loo mpawu ihambelana nezinye, iimpawu ezingaphezulu zoogqirha ukuba oogqirha bavame ukuhamba phantsi kwe-lupus path. Lezo zibonakalisi ziquka, kodwa azithethi:
- Izilonda zesikhumba, izilonda kunye neengqungquthela, ngokugqithiseleyo, ukugqithisa kwe-malar, okubizwa ngokuba yi-butterfly
- IAnemia
- Ukunqongophala kweensimbi
- Imiba ye-cardiac, njenge-pericarditis, myocarditis, kunye ne-endocarditis
- I-Pleuritis kunye nezinye izibilini zamaphaphu
- Imiba ye-Renal, kuquka i-hematuria engenasifo okanye iproteinuria (igazi okanye iprotheni kumchamo wakho)
- Ukuxhamla
Izizathu
I-Lupus isengummangaliso onxulumene nabaphandi bezonyango. Isizathu esona saso sifo asiyazi, kwaye abaninzi banengxoxo malunga nokuba i-lupus isinye isifo okanye ukudibana kwezifo ezinjalo ezifanayo.
Kodwa ukuvumelana malunga nezindlela ezinokuthi i-lupus iquke ngayo:
- I-Genetics (izinto ezinobungozi obuzuze kubazali bakho)
- Iziphumo zendalo (ukusuka kumachiza, uxinzelelo, izifo, kunye / okanye ukukhanya kwelanga)
- Ukuphendula kwezidakamizwa (kwimeko ye-lupus)
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba ugqirha ugxeka ukuba unayo i-lupus erythematosus yodwa okanye inxulumene ne-systemic lupus erythematosus, izinto ezininzi ziqwalaselwa, kubandakanya:
- Iziphumo zokuhlola iziphumo
- Ziphumo zeLebhu
- Iimvavanyo ze-Antibody
- Biopsy
- I-immunofluorescence ngqo
Ekugqibeleni, ngenxa yobuninzi beempawu, kunokuba nzima ukuba ugqirha ufumane i-lupus , kwaye abaninzi abantu baqala ukuvavanywa emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuqala kokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba unomuva wokuba ufumana iimpawu ezihambelana nokuxilongwa kwe-lupus, qiniseka ukutyelela ugqirha wakho kwaye uchaze le nkxalabo.
Ukugxekwa kwalabo abane-lupus kudla ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa sokubandakanywa komzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, ngaba isifo esijoliswe kwizitho kunokuba sikhuphe kunye namalungu? Ukusinda kwizigulane ze-lupus ezineempawu ze -nervous system , ukubandakanyeka komzimba, kunye / okanye isifo sesifo , kungenzeka ukuba mfutshane kunezo zodwa zesikhumba kunye / okanye izifo ezidibeneyo ezihlobene ne-lupus. Esona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokufa esihambisana ne-lupus sisifo ngenxa yokunyuswa kwe-immunosuppression, ebangelwa yimichiza esetyenziswa ukulawula eso sifo, ingakumbi ekuqaleni kwesifo.
Unyango
Okwangoku, akukho nonyango ye-lupus. Utyando lujolise ekulawuleni ukuphendula okuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunye nomonakalo komzimba, nokukhupha iimpawu:
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, njengezidakamizwa ezichasayo kunye nabalawuli beenkqubo zokuzivikela
- Indlela yokumodareyitha yokuphila, kuquka ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kunye nokukhuselwa elangeni
- Ukwenziwa kwe-Acupuncture (kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango)
- Ulungiso lwenyama
Kwezinye izigulane ezixhatshazwa kakuhle, iimpawu ze-lupus zilawulwa njengesifo esingapheliyo, kodwa eso sifo sinokubaluleka kakhulu kwaye sisongela abanye ubomi. Esi sifo asilandelanga indlela eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke izigulane ze-lupus zihlala zifumana ubunzima obungabonakaliyo (iillar) ezilandelwa ngamaxesha okuxolelwa-nangona unyango.
Ukujamelana
I-Lupus inokuzisa zonke iintlobo zemingeni yomzimba kunye nemvakalelo, ingakumbi xa usanda kufunyanwa. Ukufunda ukujamelana nesifo sakho kuthatha ixesha kunye nokusebenza, kwaye kuquka izinto ezifana nokuzifundisa kunye nabathandekayo bakho ngesifo sakho, uzikhathalele ngokuphumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye udla kakuhle, ufunde indlela yokulawula iirhari, kunye nokufumana inkxaso.
> Imithombo:
> Femia AN. Unonatal and Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus. Medscape. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 8, 2016.
> Lupus Foundation yaseMelika. Ukuchonga uLupus kubantwana. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 16, 2013.
> Lupus Foundation yaseMelika. Lupus Facts and Statistics.
> Sontheimer RD. I-Lupus ichaphazela njani isikhumba. Lupus Foundation yaseMelika. Iyahlaziywa ngoJulayi 12, 2013.