Fumana ukuba usengozini
Ukuba usela ngaphezu kwezikhokelo ezicetyiswayo zokusetyenziswa kotywala obuncipheko, awugcini nje ukubeka ingozi ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kotywala, kodwa ukwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo.
Kukho inani elikhulu lophando lwezenzululwazi olubonisa ubungozi obuninzi beengxaki zentliziyo kubantu abaphuza utywala ngokuqhelekileyo okanye kakhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kuloo phando, iNational Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (i-NIAAA) ifake izikhokelo "zokukhusela" ezinokusela kunye "nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusela".
Nazi iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusetyenziswa kotywala ukuba i-NIAAA ibona "ingozi ephantsi:"
- Kubantu , 4 okanye iziphuzo ezimbalwa ngosuku, kwaye iziphuzo ezingaphantsi kwezi-14 ngeveki
- Kubafazi , 3 okanye iziphuzo ezimbalwa ngosuku, kwaye akukho ziphuzo ezingaphezulu kwezi-7 ngeveki
Umzekelo, ukuba ungumntu kwaye uphuze ipakisha ye-12 yebhiya ngeli veki uze uphuze umtya we-6 ngeliveki, ugqithise izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo iziphuzo ezi-4. Ukuba ungumfazi kwaye uphuze iiglasi zewayini ezimbini imihla ngemihla, uphuza kabini inani elicebisiwe njengekhuselekile.
Ukuba udlula izikhokelo zemihla ngemihla, uthathwa njengomntu onxilisayo. Ukuba udlula iikhompyutheni zeveki uza kuba utywala kakhulu. Bobabini banxilisayo kunye nokusela kakhulu banempilo yabo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide.
Umngcipheko weNkcazo yeCardia
Nangona usela ngaphakathi "kwimiba engaphantsi," akuthethi akukho mngcipheko kuwo onke. Ukusela nasiphi na isiselo sotywala kunakho konke kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesiganeko senqwelo ye-cardiovascular in the next 24 hours.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaqhutyelwa malunga nemiphumo ye-cardiovascular effects of alcohol and heavy alcohol consumption in short and long term.
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezingama-23 ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-29,457 zenziwa nguMosotofsky kunye noogxa babo ukuba bafumane imiphumo yomzimba yobomi kunye nokuphuza kakhulu kule miqobo.
Abaphandi bahlola ulwalamano phakathi kokutya kotywala kunye:
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kwiphephancwadi, ukuphinda kutywala utywala kwandisa umngcipheko wesiganeko senhliziyo ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 zokuqala;
Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba ukungenisa ngokwezotywala okunciphisa umzimba kunokuba nefuthe elikhuselekileyo kwiiveki. Abaphuzi abancinci (iziphuzo ezi-2-4) babekho ngamaphesenti angama-30 amathuba okuba ne-infyoction ye-myocardial okanye i-stroke ephazamisayo phakathi kweveki, kwaye i-19 ekhulwini yayingaphantsi kokuba ne-stroke, xa kuthelekiswa nabanxila.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaphuza kakhulu, babekho ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ukuba babe nomsitho womoya ngeeyure ezingama-24 (iziphuzo ezi-6-9) kunye namaxesha amathandathu angaphezulu kwiveki (iziphuzo ezingama-19-30).
Utywala kunye nobungozi bokufa
Olunye uhlalutyo lweengxelo zophando ezingama-84 luhlolisise umphumo wokusetyenziswa kotywala kwezi ziphumo ezilandelayo zomoya:
- Ukufa jikelele kubangelwa sisifo senhliziyo
- Ingozi kunye nokufa okuvela kwisifo senhliziyo, kunye
- Isiganeko kunye nokufa ngenxa yesifo
Uhlalutyo, olukhokelwa yi-PE uRonksley kunye nabahlobo, lufumene ukuba ukukhanya ukuya kumodareyitha yokusetyenziswa kotywala kwakuxhomekeke kumngcipheko omncinci weziphumo ezininzi ze-cardiovascular, kodwa inqanaba lokukhusela kwezi ziphumo lidibaniswa nezinga lokusela kuncinci kunezikhokelo ze-NIAAA.
Uhlalutyo lwezonyango-mpendulo lubonise ukuba umngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu we- coronary disease death mortality zenzeke nge-1-2 iziphuzo ngosuku kunye nokufa kwesifo sobungozi, kwenzeka ngo-1 isiselo ngosuku, xa kuthelekiswa nabanxilayo.
Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo lukaRonksley lunokutolika ukubonisa ukuba nayiphi na isiselo sokuphuza ngaphezu kwezizibini ezimbini zokusela ngamanzi kukunyusa umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kunye naluphina umgangatho wokusela utywala ngaphezu kwesiselo esisodwa ngemini kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufa ngokubetha, xa kuthelekiswa nabanxila.
Umngcipheko oPhakamileyo lwabaTywali abaTywala
Abanye abaphandi baqhuba uphando lwee-23 zophando ezibandakanya abathathi-489,686 abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babone ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kokunxiliswa kotywala kunye neziphumo eziphambili ze-cardiovascular, kunye nokufa kwabantu bonke, kwakukhulu kubafazi ngokuthelekiswa namadoda.
Uhlalutyo, olukhokelwa nguYL Zheng kunye noogxa, befanisa ukulinganisela ukusela kakhulu kunxila okanye utywala abancinci kumabhinqa namadoda.
Abaphengululi baphetha ukuba abaxhasi abancinci abancinci bebhinqa babenomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa kwabantu xa kuthelekiswa namadoda.
Okuphawulekayo kukuba, uphando lubonakalise ukuba akukho mmahluko emngciphekweni weziphumo eziphambili zegazi okanye ukufa okupheleleyo phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye nabesilisa abanxilisayo okanye abanxilisayo.
Ukwanda kwengozi enkulu yenzeke phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye nabashushu bokusela, abaphandi bafumana.
Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba abasetyhini abasetyhini, ingakumbi abo banomdla wokusela, baqwalasele ukulawula ukutywala kwabo utywala.
Ukuphuza okuThatywayo kunye neNtliziyo
Olunye uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezisibhozo zophando ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-202,378 bahlolisise umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ngala manqanaba okusela kotywala:
- 3 iziphuzo ngeveki
- 7 iziphuzo ngeveki
- 10 iziphuzo ngeveki
- Iziphuzo ezili-14 ngeveki
- Iziphuzo ezingama-21 ngeveki
Kuwo onke amanqanaba okusetyenziswa kotywala ngaphantsi kweesisiselo ezi-14 ngeveki, abaphandi babika "ubudlelwane obungengqamene" phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nomngcipheko wokusilela intliziyo .
Nangona kunjalo, iziphuzo ezili-14 ngeveki, ingozi enxulumene nokuhluleka kwentliziyo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba yaqala ukufikelela kuma-10 ekhulwini aphezulu kunezidakwa kunye neziphuzo ezingama-21 ngeveki zaqala ukuya kuma-48 ekhulwini.
Uphononongo luphelile ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kotywala kunokuxhomekeke kwimingcipheko yokunciphisa intliziyo, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphantsi kwezi-2 zokusela ngosuku.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neFibrillation ye-Atrial
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala sekude kunxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu we-fibrillation ye-arrivals, kodwa zifundo ezimbalwa zenziwe kwiphumo lokukhanya ukuphuza ngokulinganayo kwimeko.
Uphando lwabantu abangama-79,019 amadoda nabesifazane ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-11 kunye nohlalutyo lwezifundo ezisixhenxe zophando ezibandakanya abanye abathathi-12,55 abathathi-nxaxheba bavavanya umphumo wokusetyenziswa kotywala ukusuka kwisiselo esisodwa ngeveki ukuya kwezi-21 zokusela ngeveki kwiziganeko ze-fibrillation ye-atrial.
I-SC Larrson kunye nabahlobo bafumene ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nomngcipheko we-fibrillation ye-atrial. Njengoko inani lezonxila ngeveki landa, umngcipheko onobuchule wokuphuhlisa i-fibrillation ye-atrial yanda.
Xa kuthelekiswa nabanxilisayo, uphando lufumene iipesenti ezilandelayo zengozi yokukhupha i-frilling atrial kula mazinga okusela utywala:
- isiselo esisodwa ngosuku, iipesenti eziyi-8
- ezimbini iziphuzo ngosuku, iipesenti ezili-17
- iziphuzo ezintathu ngosuku, iipesenti ezingama-26
- ezine iziphuzo ngosuku, iipesenti ezingama-36
- iziphuzo ezintlanu ngosuku, 47 ekhulwini
Abaphengululi baphetha ngelithi ukusetyenziswa kotywala, kwinqanaba elilinganayo, liyingozi yobuncwane bombhobho.
Ukuphuza okuModareyitha kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi
Imiba engentla mngcipheko wokusela kumanqanaba aphezulu ukuba izikhokelo ezicetywayo zixhalabisa iingxaki zentliziyo kuphela. Zininzi nezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokuchaphazeleka ngokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Imithombo:
Larrson SC, et al. "Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neengozi yeFibrillation yeArivri: I-Study Out and Dose-Impendulo ye-Meta-Analysis." Umbhalo we-American College of Cardiology Julayi 2014
Larrson SC, et al. "Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neengozi yokuphelelwa yintliziyo: I-Dose-iMeta-Analysis of Studies Outcomes". I-European Journal ye-Heart Failure ngo- Ephreli 2015
Mosotofsky E, et al. "Utywala kunye Nengozi ngokukhawuleza yeziganeko ze-Cardiovascular: Uhlolo lokuHlola kunye noDose-iMeta-Analysis Response." Ukuhamba ngoMashi 2016
URonksley PE, et al. "Umbutho wokuTywala kotywala kunye neziPhumo zeZifo zeCardiovascular Disease Iziphumo: Uhlolo lokuHlola kunye nokuHlanywa kweMeta." IBritish Medical Journal ngoFebruwari 2011
Zheng YL, et al. "Utywala lokuNyuka kunye noKhuseleko oluManyeneyo lweZiphumo eziPhambili zeMiphumo yeeNtsholongwane kuBafazi xa kuthelekiswa namadoda: Uhlolo lokuHlola kunye nokuHlanywa koPhando lweeNgxelo eziPhambili." I-BMC yeMpilo Yoluntu Ngo-Agasti 2015