I-Chickenpox inomdla kakhulu kwaye inokusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano nomntu osulelekileyo, kunye nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo okuphefumulayo (amaconsi atshayelwa emoyeni xa umntu ephazela okanye ekhwehlela). Ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusebenzisana nalabo abane-chickenpox kunceda ngokubhekiselele ekuthinteleleni, kodwa indlela kuphela (ngokuqinisekileyo) yokuphepha yokukhusela igciwane lesifo sokugonywa yi-varicella esenza ukuba kugula kukufumana isitofu sokugonya inkukhu.
Ukuphepha
Ekubeni abantu abanegciwane baxhatshazwa iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwimihla ngaphambi kokuba bahlakulele ukukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba bavelele kumntu onenkukhu phambi kokuba bazi ukuba bayagula. Kwimeko enjalo, akukho nto enokuyenza ngokunciphisa ukubonakala kwakho-nangona kunjalo, kudla ukuba yinto efanelekileyo yokulandela iindlela zokucoceka zempilo ekukhuseleni intsholongwane nayiphi na uhlobo lwe-bug, njengokuhlamba izandla rhoqo.
Xa kuziwa ngokucacileyo kwi-virus yenkukhu xa uyazi ukuba uyahamba kwaye awuzange ube nalo okanye ugonywe ngokubhekiselele kuyo, kukho ezinye izicwangciso omele uzithathe:
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo kunye nenkukhu okanye i-shingles, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
- Gqoka iiglavu ezilahlayo, ezingekho i-latex xa uthintela izinto okanye izinto eziye zafunyanwa kwintsholongwane.
- Kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngee-cruise, amalungu e-crew aneenkukhu zihlala ziyalwa ukuba zigqoke iimikhono ezinde kunye neebhulukhwe ezide ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani lamabhanti abanye abantu abangabonakaliswa kuzo. Cinga ukusebenzisa le ndlela xa ugqoke umntwana onenkukhu.
- Cinga ukubeka "igumbi lokugula" elinococekileyo ilungu lentsapho elinesifo senkukhu-indawo epholileyo apho ikwazi ukuphumla ngaphandle kokuziva ingabikho kuyo yonke into.
- Ungabelani izitya, izitya, okanye izitya zokutya kunye nelungu leentsapho ezigulayo. Geza nayiphi na into eyisebenzisayo kwi-dishwasher okanye kwindawo eshushu, amanzi esepha.
- Ukukhubaza iindawo ezingezona izilwanyana (ii-worknobs, i-draws handleles, njl njl.) Kunye nemveliso evunywe yi- Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo yokubulala ii-microbes ezifana ne-virus. I-chlorine bleach (ngokulingana kwekota enye kwikota nganye yamanzi) iya kwenza inkohliso, kodwa ezinye iindlela ezingenayo i-bleach zikhuselekile. Ezi ziquka iimveliso eziqulethe i-bleach efana ne-oxygen bleach okanye i-hydrogen peroxide.
- Musa ukumanga umntu onenkukhu: Ukuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye ne-blisters, ingakumbi nayiphi na into engazange ikhutshwe, isimemo sokusulela isifo.
Ukugonywa
Ekubeni i-varicella yokugonya yaziswa ngo-1995, kunomngcipheko omncinci wokugula kunye nenkukhu. Kukho iigcino ezimbalwa ezikhoyo ngoku.
I-Varivax (i-varicella virus vaccine live) yindlela ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa. I-dose yokuqala inikwe abantwana malunga neenyanga ezili-15 ubudala ngexesha elifanayo njenge-measle ehlukeneyo, i-mumps kunye ne-rubella vaccine (MMR). Inqanaba lesibini le-Varivax linikezelwa ngeminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweyesi-6 ubudala, mhlawumbi kunye nesinye idosi ye-MMR okanye njengenxalenye yesitofu sokugonya ebizwa ngokuba yiProQuad (MMRV).
Iingqungquthela (i-herpes zoster) zinokuphuhliswa xa i-virus ye-varicella ivuselelwa emva kweminyaka emva kwenkukhu enkulu yenkukhu. Iigonti malunga nale nto zibalulekile ekukhuseleni ukukhwabanisa, kodwa kunye nenkukhu: Nangona umntu akakwazi ukudlula iindwangu, umntu onenkathazo enokuthi angadlulisela intsholongwane, enokubangela ukuba inkukhu ibe ngumntu ongeke abe nayo okanye igonywe.
Kubantu abadala, kukho ukugonywa ezimbini. Omnye unolwazi oluqhelekileyo, i-Zostavax (i-zoster vaccine live, okanye i-ZVL), unikezwa njengomthamo owodwa kwiminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu. Inketho entsha, iShingrix (i-vaccinous zoster vaccine, okanye i-RZV) ithathwa njengempumelelo. Yenziwe yinkqubo yezilwanyana ezinobunjineli bezilwanyana ezinobunjineli kwaye iyanconywa kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo unikezwa kwinqaku lee-dose ezimbini, kunye nekhwesibini yesibini inikwe iinyanga ezimbini ukuya ezintandathu emva kokuqala.
Izitofu ezenziwe ngentsholongwane ngokwayo (Varivax, Zostavax) ziphila kodwa ziguqulelwe iinguqu ze-varicella. Oko kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ibuthathaka kunokuba ungayifumana kumntu osulelekileyo.
Le ntsholongwane engapheliyo ichaphazela iiseli kwaye iphindaphinda kwigazi, nto leyo eyenza i-immune system ihlakulele ama-antibodies ukulwa nayo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu sulelo aluvelisi iimpawu. Ukuba umntu ogonywayo ufumana inkukhu, isifo sinomoya omnene ngamaphesenti angama-95 exeshana. Ubude bexesha la maqhinga asebenzayo aphikisanayo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi ukugonywa kunika i-immunity engapheliyo.
Iziphumo zempembelelo yokugonya inkukhu zihlala zincinci kwaye zibandakanya umkhuhlane ophantsi, ubuhlungu obukhulu kwisayithi lokugonywa, kunye nokugqithwa okukhawulezileyo (izilonda ezintathu ukuya kwezihlanu) kwisiza sokugonya.
Ngubani Ofanele Afumane I-Chickenpox Vaccin?
Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuPhepha, abantu abanempilo abangakaze babe neenkukhu okanye bebegonywe ngaphambili kufuneka bafumane ukugonywa ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- Abantwana bafanele bafumane izilingo ezimbini zokugonya inkukhu-yokuqala kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 kunye neyesibini phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-6.
- Abaselula (13 nangaphezulu) kwaye abantu abadala kufuneka bafumane amayeza amabini, iiveki ezine ukuya kwezi-8.
Akukaziwa ukuba ixesha lokugonya kwe-varicella liyakhusela ixesha elingakanani, kodwa uphando lwangoku lubonakalisa ukukhuselwa kwe-immunity iminyaka engama-20.
Ngubani Ongafanelanga Ukufumana Inkukhu Yenkukhu
Inkukhu yokukhusela inkukhu ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza, kodwa kukho amaqela ambalwa abantu akhuselekile. Nazi izikhokelo:
- Abantu abagulayo, nangokwemodare, xa bahlelwe ukuba bafumane ukutshulwa kufuneka bahlale balinde baze bafike.
- Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka balinde ukufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu kuze kube yilapho iintsana zabo zizalwa. Ngokufanayo, kucetyiswa ukuba ulinde ubuncinane inyanga emva kokuba uthathe isibhamu phambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
- Nabani na abane-HIV / AIDS okanye esinye isifo esibangela isistim somzimba; uye wathatha imishanguzo echaphazela isistim somzimba, njengesi-steroids, kwiiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu; unalo naluphi uhlobo lomhlaza okanye unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation akufanele ifumane i-varicella vaccine ngaphandle kokuhlola kuqala ugqirha obaphathayo.
- Abantu abasandul 'ukuxilongwa okanye banikwe ezinye iimveliso zegazi kufuneka bathethe ugqirha wabo malunga nokugonya ngaphambi kokuyifumana.
- Abantu abaye babesongela ubomi be-gelatin, i-neomycin ye-antibiotics, okanye i-dose yangaphambilini ye-vaccine ye-inkukhu akufanele igonywe okanye kufuneka idibane nodokotela wabo kuqala.
Abanye abantu abaza kuphephelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo bakhethe ukuzithoba, baqikelele ukuba ukuba baya phambili baze bagule bamele baxhomekeke kwintlungu kunye kwaye baya kuba negalelo lokusulela phambili, ekubeni imizimba yabo iya zenze i-immunity immunity. Ngokufanayo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, kukho abazali abaye bakhetha ukuveza abantwana babo kwiintsholongwane ze-varicella kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "amaqela enkukhu."
Kodwa ukuvezwa kweenjongo ezibonakalayo kumaricella akulungile kumntu. Emva kokuba igciwane le-varicella livunyelwe emzimbeni, alishiyi, nangemva kokuba kukho naziphi iimpawu ezibangela ukuba zide zihambe. Endaweni yoko, intsholongwane ithatha indawo yokuhlala kwinkqubo yeentlanzi, apho ingalala khona iminyaka emininzi kwaye ngokukhawuleza iphinde isebenze kwakhona ngesimo sesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-shingles.
Iingxowa zichaphazela iipesenti ezili-10 zabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ngokwe-CDC. Kubangela ukugqithisa okubuhlungu obubuhlungu, obubuhlungu kunye nokungabonakaliyo kwaye obunokushiya ubunqwenqemle obungunaphakade. Ezinye iimpawu zengqungquthela zingabandakanya intloko, uvakalelo ekukhanyeni, kunye ne-malaise jikelele.
Eli thuba alibi kakhulu. Ukuba awuzange ube neenkukhu okanye unabantwana abancinci, uyakwazi ukukhusela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhaqhazela kunye neenqwelwana zesalane.
Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Isikhokelo soKhenketho kwii-Varicella (Chickenpox) Ulawulo. Julayi 14, 2016.
> CDC. Iingqungquthela (i-Herpes Zoster): Inkcazo yeKlinikhi. Feb 21, 2018.
> CDC. I-Varicella Vaccine Safety and Monitoring. Ngo-Apr 5, 2012.
> I-Arhente yoKhuselo yendalo Ukucocwa okuGcini, ukuCocisa, kunye nokuLawula i-Disinfecting: IKharityhulam kwiNkcazo yoLuntu kunye neMfundo . 2013.
> Medline Plus. I-Varicella (i-Chickenpox) isitofu. Oktobha 15, 2012.