Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukukhusela umdlavuza wesikhumba , kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ezilula ongayenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho, njengokhuselekile elangeni, uqaphele ngamakhemikhali emsebenzini, uvavanye amanzi akho kakuhle, kwaye udla ukutya okunempilo. Ukugqoka i-sunscreen yinto enye kuphela ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wakho, kwaye iziganeko zesifo somhlaza wesikhumba sele sinyuka ngenxa yokuba i-suncreen iyatholakala.
I-ounce yothintelo ixabise iipilisi zonyango ngokuphathelele umdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa ezi ngxaki zomsana zihlala zingakhuselekanga. Umhlaza wesikhumba usenzeka kwiindawo ezisemzimbeni ongazange zibone ilanga, kwaye abanye abantu baneemingcipheko ezingenakulawulwa. Ukufumanisa umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokukhawuleza kufuna ukuqonda iimpawu kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo , ukwazi iziganeko zobungozi , ukwenza iimviwo zesikhumba, kunye nokutyelela ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuba unomngcipheko ophezulu.
Ukukhusela umdlavuza wesikhumba (ukunciphisa ingozi yakho)
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, asinakuhlala sithintela umdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi-ezinye ziyaziwayo kunye nezinye ezinokumangalisa-ezinokuthi zenziwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:
Hlala Ukhuselekile kwiLanga
Abantu abaninzi beva ukhuseleko lwelanga kwaye bacinga ngokukhawuleza kwesikrini, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ongayenza ngokungekho kokugqoka i-sunscreen engenza umehluko. Akukhona nje ukuba iziganeko zomhlaza wesikhumba zanda ngenxa yokuba i-suncreen iyatholakala, kodwa ezinye i-dermatologists zincoma ukuchitha i-10 okanye imizuzu engama-15 elangeni ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-sunscreen ukuze uthathe i-vitamin D.
Ukongeza, asikho ubungqina obuhle bokuthi i-suncreen inciphisa umngcipheko we-melanoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wengqondo obangela abaninzi abantu abafayo kwisifo. Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga (umzekelo, ukukhawulela ixesha ngaphandle kwe-11 AM ne-2 PM, nangona ezinye i-dermatologists zicebisa ukuphepha ilanga ukusuka ngomhla we-10 ukuya ku-4 kuMgqibelo).
- Ukumboza iimpahla zokukhusela. Izambatho ezenziwe ngokugqithisileyo zingcono kunamaphepha atyhukileyo. Iingubo ezimnyama zinika ukhuseleko olungakumbi kunokukhanya. Izambatho ezomileyo ziyasebenza kunokuba zimanzi. Iingubo zifumaneka ngokubonelela ngokukhusela i-UV.
- Ukugqoka isitya esikhulu-brimmed ukukhusela ubuso bakho kunye ne-scalp, kunye nezikhanyiso zelanga ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho kunye neentloko.
- Ukuhlala emthunzini kunye / okanye ukusebenzisa i-ambulera.
- Ukukhumbula ukuba usenokufumana ukushisa kwelanga ukuba kunamafu, kwaye ukubonakalisa kwamanzi, iqhwa, okanye ulwandle olunxwemeni kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokutshisa.
- Ukuqhekeza ngokupheleleyo indawo yokucoca.
Khetha iSkrini esisebenzayo
Azikho zonke ii-sunscreen kwiimakethi ezifanayo, kwaye iimveliso ezikhoyo zibonelela ngokukhusela okungafaniyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje sifunde ukuba ii-UVB kunye ne-UVVA imitha evela elangeni zingabangela umonakalo wesikhumba onokubangela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ukususela ngo-2011, i-sunscreens ebiza ukuba "yembonakalo ebanzi" kufuneka inikeze ukhuselo lwe-UVA, kodwa izinga lokukhusela kunye nobude obugqithiseleyo buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Thatha ixesha lokufunda malunga nezithako ezinika ukukhuselwa kwe-UVA kwaye ufunde iilebula xa ukhetha umkhiqizo. Isikhokelo soKhuseleko lweSikolo soMmandla weSikolo sisebenza ngokubonelela ngoncedo oluthe xaxa ekukhetheni umkhiqizo, ukujonga ezinye izinto ezifana nomngcipheko wokuziphendulela kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Yidla ukutya okunempilo (i-Phytochemicals)
Kukho uphando oluninzi kwiminyaka yamuva nje ekhangela ubuchule be "phytochemicals," iimveliso eziphilayo eziqhelanisiweyo kwiziqhamo nemifuno, ukunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wesikhumba, kwaye ezininzi zazo zi thembisa. Ngamanye amazwi, kubonakala ukuba-kwinqanaba elithile-sinokuthi "sidle" isikrini sethu selanga. Nangona inzululwazi iselula, ubuninzi bezondlo eziye zafundwa ziyingxenye yokutya okunempilo konke okunokunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko ezininzi zonyango, kungekhona nje umhlaza wesikhumba.
Ngokwe-2018 ukuhlaziywa kwi- International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences , ezi zixhobo zeprotochemicals zibonakala zinenzuzo empini yokulwa ne-non-melanoma kunye nomhlaza wesikhumba se-melanoma ngenxa yempembelelo ye-antiticancer. cinga: ukutya isidlo esihle), kunye neendleko ezinempumelelo.
Ezinye izinto ezisekelwe kwisityalo ezibonise isithembiso ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-melanoma ziquka:
- I-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (etholakala kwi-tea ehlaza).
- I-Resveratrol (ifunyenwe kwiitamatati kwaye ikakhulukazi i-tomato sauces).
- I-Curcumin (icandelo le- turmeric efunyenwe kwisitya se-curry nesardard).
- I-Capsaicin (efunyenwe nge-red bell pepper kunye nepelepele).
- Genistein (efunyenwe kwi-chickpeas (i-garbanzo ubhontshisi) kunye nemveliso eminingi ye-soy).
- I-Indole-3-carbinol (efunyenwe kwimifuno eluhlaza njenge-broccoli, i-cauliflower kunye neklabishi).
- I-Fisetin (efunyenwe kwi-persimmons, i-strawberries, i-kiwi, imango, nokunye).
- Iproanthocyanidins (efunyenwe kumajikijolo amaninzi, ama-chokecherries, ipistachios, kunye ne-baking chocolate).
- Silymarin (efumaneka kwi-artichokes).
- I-Luteolin (ifunyenwe kwiziqholo ezifana ne-oregano, i-sage, thyme, kunye ne-celery imbewu).
- I-Apigenin (ifumaneka kwi-parsley, anyanisi, itiye ye-chamomile, kunye nengqolowa yengca).
Sebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ngeekhemikhali
Kukho inani leekhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesikhumba, njenge-tar charal, iparafini kunye ne-arsenic.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuba uqaphele nayiphina imichiza osebenza nayo ekhaya okanye emsebenzini. Funda amalebula uze ulandele izikhuselo. Abaqeshi bafuneka ukuba banikele ngeeMpawu zoKhuseleko zoLwazi kwiZiko naziphi na iikhemikhali onokuqhagamshelana nazo ngeengqesho.
Ukugqoka iiglavu kubalulekile, nokuba ngaba kunyanzeliswa kwilebula. Ikhumba lethu aliyithintelo elingagqibekanga eligcina izinto, kwaye isikhumba sethu sinokuphuhlisa umhlaza okanye sivumele ukuqaliswa kwama- carcinogens emizimbeni yethu. Enyanisweni, iziganeko zokuqala zomhlaza ezithatyathwa kwimihlaba yimihlaza ye-cancer (mhlawumbi i-squamous cell carcinomas yolusu ye-scrotum) ekutshiseni i-chimney, ephuhliswe ngenxa yokungena kwi-tar emsebenzini (eqokelelwe kunye nangaphansi kwengubo kule ndawo ).
Vavanya Amanzi Akho
Ngokungafani neenkqubo zamanzi kamasipala, amanzi aphuma emithonjeni yabucala ayifumananga ukuvavanywa okugunyazayo, kwaye angangcoliswa yi-arsenic. Oko kwathiwa, izazinzulu ziphinda zicinga ngezinga eliphezulu lokuxhaswa kwe-arsenic kwiinkqubo zamanzi karhulumente ngenxa yokufunyaniswa kwisifundo se-2015; enye ebonisa ukuba i-arsenic emanzini atywala inokudibaniswa nomdlavuza wesikhumba nangona amazinga awela kwibanga elamkelekileyo.
I-Level yakho yeVithamini D ihlolwe
Xa sicinga ngomhlaza wesikhumba, ingcinga yethu yokuqala ingaba ukuphepha ilanga ngokupheleleyo. Kanti oku akwanele ngezizathu ezibini. Umdlavuza wesikhumba unako kwaye uhlakulele kwimimandla engabonakali yelanga emzimbeni ngamanye amaxesha. Okwesibini, ukuphepha ilanga ngokupheleleyo kunokukhokelela ekunqongeni kwe-vitamin D. (Ngelishwa, i-sunscreens ivimba nje ukukhanya kweemitha kodwa kuvimba ukubunjwa kwe-vitamin D ngokunjalo.) Ukuntuleka kweVithamini D, akudibaniswanga nje ngomngcipheko wokomhlaza wesikhumba, kodwa uninzi nezinye i-cancer. Ngamanye amagama, musa ukuphosa umntwana ngaphandle kwamanzi okuhlamba.
Kungaba nzima ukufumana i- vitamin D ngokwaneleyo kwidlo, kwaye ngokudlulileyo, ukuchithwa kwelanga kwindlela eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufumana le vithamini ebalulekileyo (i-vitamin D ikhiqizwa elukhumbeni ngokubhekiselele ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nemisebenzi enjenge-hormone emzimbeni ngaphezu kwevithamini). Ngethamsanqa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kunokukuxelela ukuba izinga lakho liqhelekileyo okanye akunjalo (uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abanalo), kwaye ugqirha wakho unokuthetha ngeendlela zokuphakamisa izinga lakho ukuba liphantsi kakhulu. Njengengxelo eyongezelelweyo, qiniseka ukuba ucele inombolo ehambelana nezinga lakho le-vitamin D xa uvavanywe. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-vitamin D kwi-Clinical Mayo eMinnesota luya kuma-30 ukuya kuma-80, kodwa abanye abaphandi banomuvo wokuthi inani elingu-50 okanye ngaphezulu lilungele injongo yokukhusela umdlavuza. Njengengxelo yokugqibela, kuyafaneleka ukuthatha ixesha lokuvavanywa. Ukuba ufumana i-vitamin D engaphezulu kwi-supplement, enye yeempembelelo ziba namatye ezintso ezibuhlungu.
Funa Ukunyangwa Kwezilonda Zesikhumba Zengqalaza
Kukho iimeko zesikhumba ezithathwa njengengqungquthela, njenge- actinic keratoses . Ukufuna unyango kwezi zinto kunokunciphisa ithuba lokuba baya kuqhubeka nomhlaza. I-actinic keratoses inokuphathwa ngeendlela eziliqela, ukusuka kwi-cryosurgery (iphostile), ukunyanga (ukuyihlutha), ukuya kwi-creams.
Yeka Ukubhema
Ukubhema kunokunyusa kakhulu ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinomas. Ngokungafani nomngcipheko we-cancer ehlobene nokubhema, nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko womdlavuza wesikhumba wehla ngokukhawuleza emva kokuyeka, kwaye unokubuyela kumntu ongazange atshe.
Imithi yokukhusela (Chemoprevention)
Kubantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wokuba nomhlaza womhlaza, unyango lunokuqwalaselwa. I-Accutane (i-isotretinoin) kunye ne-Soriatane (acitretin) ifumaneka ukunciphisa inani le-basal cell carcinomas kubantu abane-basal cell nevus syndrome kunye ne-xeroderma pigmentosum. I-Erivedge (i-vismodegib) ibonakala iyasebenza. I-Accutane inokunciphisa iziganeko ze-squamous cell carcinomas kubantu abane-xeroderma pigmentosum.
UkuQaphela kwangaphambili (Ukufumana iCatal Cancer Early)
Ukugxekwa kweekliniki zesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo, kulunge ngakumbi kunezinye i-kansa. Ingxenye yesi sizathu kukuba ezi ngcingo zingabonwa ngokubonakalayo, kwaye ngoko zifunyenwe ngaphambili, kwaye zingaphuluke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ubone ezi ngqayi kuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlola isikhumba sakho rhoqo.
Ukubaluleka koKhuseleko lwamaKhongo
Sonke sifuna ukuthatha indima ebalulekileyo kwinkathalo yethu yempilo ngokujonga ngethuba lethu ulusu lweekliniki zesikhumba. Nangona oogqirha banokuba neliso eliqeqeshwe, kungekhona wonke umntu obona i-dermatologist rhoqo, kwaye akukho mntu ukhuthazwayo njengoko ufanele unyamekele impilo yakho. Ekubeni abantu bazo zonke iintlanga, imibala yesikhumba, kunye neminyaka banokufumana umdlavuza wesikhumba, yinto efanelekileyo ukuba wonke umntu ahlolisise isikhumba sakhe rhoqo.
Izikhokelo zokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ngokwazo zihluka ngohlobo. I-American Cancer Society, i-Skin Care Foundation, kunye ne-American Academy yeDermatology incoma i-skin self-examination. Kodwa i-US Prestation Services Services Force (USPSTF), nangona kunjalo, ayincomo ukuhlolisisa i-melanoma.
Ukwenza i-Self Skin Skin Check
Ukuhlolisisa isikhumba sakho kulula, ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-tech-based-tech. Yonke into oyifunayo imiritha egcweleyo, isibuko esilondolozwe ngesandla, ikhefu kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Njengoko ukhangeleka kwicandelo ngalinye lomzimba wakho, funda iphethini, indawo, kunye nobukhulu besikhumba esikhwameni sakho, ukuze ukwazi ukukhawuleza naluphi na utshintsho olwenzekayo. Injongo nje ukumazi isikhumba sakho ukuze ukwazi ukuphawula nantoni na phambi kogqirha wakho. Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba ukukhula kokukhula komhlaza kunokubonakala naphi na, nakwiindawo ezingabonakaliyo elangeni, nokuba ezinye izifo zomshumbulane zesikhumba azibangelwa lilanga.
Namanyathelo okulandela:
- Emva kokuhlamba okanye ukuhlamba, hlola intloko kunye nobuso bakho, usebenzisa zombini izibuko zendawo enzima ukuzibona. Sebenzisa ikhefu ukujonga isikhumba sakho phantsi kweenwele zakho. Musa ukulibala iindlebe zakho, phantsi kwe-chin yakho, nentamo yakho.
- Hlola izihloko kunye neebhokhwe zezandla zakho, kubandakanywa phakathi kweminwe yakho neenzwane. Hlola nganye iminwe yakho kunye nezikhonkwane. (Iindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-melanomas kubantu abanobomnyama bangaphantsi kweeminwe kunye nezikhonkwane, kwiintendelezo zezandla okanye kwiintendelezo zeenyawo, okanye kwiimbrane ezinqamlekileyo emlonyeni, ekhaleni kunye nasezintweni zendalo.)
- Hlola izibopho zakho, iingalo ezingaphezulu, izibilini, isifuba kunye nesisu. Abasetyhini baya kufuna ukujonga ulusu phantsi kwebele.
- Hlala phantsi kwaye uhlolisise amathanga akho, izibonda, iintonga, kunye neenyawo zakho ezinyaweni, iinzwane, phakathi kwezwane zakho ezinzwane, kunye nezikhonkwane.
- Ngesibuko esiphethwe ngesandla, khangela iingxowa zakho kunye neengqolowa zamathanga akho, umva wezantsi, izibonda kunye nomzimba wesisu, umva ophezulu, kunye nomva kwentamo yakho. (Imilenze yabasetyhini abamhlophe kunye nomqolo ongaphezulu kumadoda amhlophe yizona ndawo zithandwa kakhulu kwi-melanoma, ngoko gca.)
Ugqirha rhoqo
Asinakho izikhokelo ezihambelana nokubakho abantu abafanele babone ugqirha okanye unedermatologist, kunye neendlela ezimbalwa. I-American Academy yeDermatology incoma uviwo oluqhelekileyo ngudokotela kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-50, kulabo abane-dysplastic nevus syndrome, okanye abo banama-melanomas amaninzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, umntu ngamnye kufuneka athethe nodokotela wakhe malunga neengcebiso ezisekelwe kwimingcipheko ethile. Abo bafumana umngcipheko wokuba banomdla wokwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo (TCE) ngexesha lemichiza yonyaka. I-ophthalmologists, iintsholongwane zezilwanyana, kunye namazinyo angasenokujonga kwakhona isikhumba sakho ngexesha leemviwo zabo.
Kwabo banezinto ezinobungozi obukhulu, ukutyelela rhoqo nge-dermatologist kubonakala kubulumko. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2016 kufumaneke ukuba uvakalelo (ukuba banokufumana njani umhlaza) kunye nokucaca (ukukwazi ngokuchanekileyo ongenomdlavuza) ekufumaneni i-melanoma bebabini bephezulu kunezidermatologists kunokuba bezinyango zempilo eziphambili.
I-Free Screening
Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho ngokwaneleyo okanye ukubona ugqirha, unenhlanhla: iimviwo zamahhala zikhoyo kwilizwe lonke. I-American Academy yeDermatology (AAD) inikezela ngeenkcukacha zeeprogram zokukhangela zamahhala ezifumanekayo.
Ukufumana ukukhangela umdlavuza wesikhumba "wama-SPOT" wamahhala, nqakraza kwimeko yakho kunye nolwahlulo lweeklinikhi ezibonelela ngenkonzo yehhala. Uvavanyo luphela malunga nemizuzu engama-10 kwaye alubandakanyi umsebenzi wegazi okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezingenayo. Ukususela ngo-1985, i-AAD iye yaqhuba phantse izigidi ezi-2 ze-screenings kwaye ifumene izilonda ezingaphezu kwe-180,000 ezigwenxa, ngoko unesandla esihle.
Ukuba akukho cwangciso lwe-AAD sisendaweni yakho, i-Skin Cancer Foundation ixhasa abahamba nge-RV abahamba ngeenyawo ezingama-38 abaye bayeka rhoqo kwiindawo zokugcina iiRite Aid kunye nezinye iindawo kwiidolophu ezingama-50 lonke. Mbonise nje kwaye i-dermatologist ye-bhodi yendawo eqinisekisiweyo iya kuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwe-full-body screening ngokuphelele.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy yeDermatology. Fumana I-Cancer Cancer.
> Iqela lokuSebenza kwendalo. Isikhokelo seSreenscreen.
> Karagas, M., Gossai, A., Pierce, B., no H. Ahsan. UkuNyulwa kwamanzi e-Arsenic Ukuhlambalaza, izilonda zeNgqumbo, kunye neziNdlobongela: UkuHlola ngokuHlolo koBungqina beSizwe. IiNgxelo zeMpilo zangoku
> Ng, C., Yen, H., Hsiao, H., no S. Su. Iiphytochemicals kwiCatal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Ukuhlaziywa okuhlaziyiweyo. I-International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences . 2018. 19 (4) .pii: E941.
> Wernli, K., uHenrikson, N., Morrison, C. et al. Ukuhlolwa kweCarcer Skin kwiBantu abadala: Ukuhlaziywa kweNgxelo yoBungqina kunye nokuHlola okuHloniphekileyo kwi-US Force Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA . 2016. 316 (4): 436-47.