Ukuba ukhathazekile ngokufumana umdlavuza wesikhumba, kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya ngoku ukukhusela . Uninzi lwabantu luyazi ukuba imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni inokubangela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Okungaqhelekanga ngokubanzi kukuba ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunokuphindwa kathathu umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i- squamous cell carcinoma .
Ukutshaya: Inyaniso eyiyo
Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuVimbela (i-CDC), abantu abadala abangama-44.5 base-US babesifayeli ngokutsha ngo-2006-24 ngamaphesenti amadoda kunye nama-18 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini.
Ukutshaya kubula ama-438,000 aseMerika kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka.
Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yeekresela zomphunga, i-larynx (ibhokisi yezwi), umlomo womlomo, i-pharynx (umphimbo), isisu (ugwinya ityhubhu exhunywe kwisisu), kunye nesisu. Igalelo ekuphuhliseni i-cancer ye-pancreas, i-cervix, iinjongo, isisu, kunye nezinye i-leukemi. Yimbangela ebalulekileyo yesifo senhliziyo, i-aneurysms, i-bronchitis, i-emphysema, kunye ne-stroke. Ukuba oko kwakungekho okwaneleyo (kwaye kukho nemiphumo eminye yempilo engabhalwanga), ukutshaya kwaye kwaxhunyiwe kwiimeko ezininzi zekhumba:
- squamous cell carcinoma
- ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingalunganga
- iingxaki ngexesha lophando lokuvuselela
- ukuguga kwesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- intsimbi
- psoriasis
- ukulahleka kweenwele
Ukuba ungeke uqiniseke ukuyeka ukutshaya, cinga ngolu hlobo: I-CDC iqikelela ukuba abantu abadala ababhemayo banokulahlekelwa ngumyinge weminyaka eyi-13.2 yobomi, kwaye ababhemayo abesifazana balahlekelwa yiminyaka eyi-14.5 yobomi ngenxa yokutshaya.
Izixhobo kunye neengcebiso ziyafumaneka ukunceda ukuyeka.
Ubungqina beSiqhagamshelo
Mhlawumbi ubunobungqina obuncwane bombutho phakathi kokutshaya kunye nomhlaza wesikhumba buvela kwisifundo nguSoffie De Hertog kunye noogxa be-Leiden University Medical Centre e-Netherlands. Abaphandi baba nodliwano-ndlebe nabantu abangama-580 ababenomdla othile wesikhumba kunye nabangu-386 abangenalo.
Bafumanise ukuba kubashushu bentsholongwane, ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-squamous cell carcinoma i-3.3 amaxesha angaphezulu kunabangabhemi. Akukho nxu lumano phakathi kokutshaya kunye ne-basal cell carcinoma okanye i-melanoma.
Ababhemayo bexesha elidala banokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba, kodwa kuphela kuma-1,9 amaxesha angaphezulu. Ubuhlobo obuhle buye kwabonwa phakathi kwenani le-cigarettes elibhemayo kunye neengozi ephakamileyo: kubashushu ababi (ngaphezulu kwama-cigarettes angama-20 ngosuku), umngcipheko uhamba njengama-4.1, ngelixa abantu ababhemayo badla i-cigarettes ezingaphantsi kwe-10 ngosuku, umngcipheko ihla ku 2.4. Okuthakazelisayo, akukho buhlobo obuye bufunyenwe phakathi kokubhema i-cigar kunye nesiganeko somhlaza wesikhumba, kodwa ukutshaya umbhobho kwaba nomngcipheko ofanayo kunye nabokubhema ugwayi.
Ikhonkco isebenza njani?
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukutshaya umsila okhokelela emdlalweni wesikhumba kuhlala kungabonakali. Kungenzeka ukuba enye yeekhemikhali ezingama-3 000 ekubhemeni komsi wocuba ingasebenza njenge-carcinogen yesikhumba (i-agent engumdlavuza), nokuba yintsebenziswano ngqo nomsi (onokuyonakalisa i-DNA kwiseli lesikhumba) okanye ngokuxutywa yimiphunga ibe igazi. Ubu bungqina bokuba le ndlela kukuba ukutshaya umsi wocuba kwesikhumba kubangelwa i-squamous cell carcinoma kwizilwanyana. Ukubhema kunokunokwenza umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuthintela isistim somzimba ngenxa yokuba izigulane ezineenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo ngenxa yokuguqula izidumbu okanye ezinye izizathu zithinteka kakhulu kwi-squamous cell carcinoma.
Uphando oluphathelele ukutshaya kunye nomhlaza wesikhumba uyaqhubeka. Kodwa njengoMichael Thun, MD, we-American Cancer Society uthi: "Kukho izizathu zempilo ezinqabileyo zokuphepha ukutshaya ixesha elide. Lesi sizathu esinye sokuba abantu bayeke ukutshaya okanye bangaqali."
Imithombo:
Ukubhema kwe-Adult Cigarette e-United States: Iingxelo ezikhoyo. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.
De Hertog SA, iWensveen CA, iBastiaens MT, iKelieli CJ, iBerkhout MJ, iWestendorp RG, iVermeer BJ, uBouwes Bavinck JN; Isifundo seCancer Cancer. Ulwalamano phakathi kokutshaya kunye nomhlaza wesikhumba. J Clin Oncol . 2001; 19 (1): 231-8.
Freiman A, Bird G, Metelitsa AI, Barankin B, Lauzon GJ. Iziphumo ezincinci zokutshaya. U-J Cutan Med Surg ; 2004 8 (6): 415-23.
UMorita A. Umsi womsila ubangela ukuguga kwesikhumba ngaphambi kokudala. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 48 (3): 169-75.
Ukubhema kuxhumene neCanscercer. American Cancer Society. Meyi 2001.