Usenokuba uvile ukuba into eyenziwa yi-carcinogen okanye i-carcinogen. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Sazi njani ukuba into enokubangela umdlavuza?
Inkcazo
I-carcinogen ichazwa njengento engabangela ngqo umhlaza. Le nto ingaba yintlobo yeekhemikhali, intsholongwane, okanye kwanamachiza kunye nemisebe esisetyenziswayo ukunyanga umdlavuza. Nangona amaninzi omdlavuza abangelwa yi-carcinogen okanye inhlanganisela ye-carcinogens, ukuthambekela ekuveliseni umdlavuza kunokufumana ilifa njengenxalenye ye-genome yethu.
I-carcinogens ingasebenza ngeendlela ezimbalwa:
- I-carcinogen ingaphazamisa ngokukodwa i- DNA kwiiseli (kubangele utshintsho,) ekhokelela ekuphazamiseni kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zeeseli.
- I-carcinogen inokuthi ibangele umonakalo kunye nokuvuvukala okubangela ukuba iiseli zihlukane ngokukhawuleza. Xa amaseli ahlula kukho ithuba lokuba kubekho utshintsho (ukuguqulwa) okuye kwandisa amathuba okuphuhlisa umhlaza .
Iintlobo
Thina sijikeleze i-carcinogens imihla ngemihla, nokuba sisemsebenzini, ekhaya, okanye ekudlaleni. I-carcinogens ayibangeli umhlaza kuwo wonke umntu ovezwayo; ubuchule be-carcinogen ekwenzeni umdlavuza kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya inani lokuchasana, ubude bokuvelela, impilo yomntu, kunye nezinye izinto ebomini bomntu eziphakamisa okanye ezinciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
Abantu baphinde bahluke ekuthandeni kwabo kwi-carcinogen ngokusetyenzwa kwazo. Kwiimeko ezininzi umhlaza uninzi, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iinkalo ezininzi ezisebenzisanayo okanye zikhusele umhlaza.
Iintlobo ze-carcinogens ziquka:
- Amakhemikhali / izinto - Amachiza athile asetyenziswa ekhaya okanye kwindawo yokusebenzela ingaba ne-carcinogenic. Ngokomzekelo, i- asbestos kwi-insulation ingakhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye ne- mesothelioma . Abantu abaninzi banengqiqo yokuba ukuba imichiza ingabangela umdlavuza ayiyi kuvunyelwa kumakhaya ethu. Akunjalo.
- Izaziso zemvelo - I-ultraviolet imisebe evela elangeni yimbangela eyaziwayo yomhlaza wesikhumba. I-Radon ephuma kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokubola kwe-uranium emhlabathini ize ilandelwe emakhaya yimbangela ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu .
- Imisebe yonyango - Yonke imirhobho esebenzisa imilingo yokuhlola iimvavanyo kwaye esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza ibonwa njenge-carcinogens. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi abafumana unyango lwe-radiation emva kwe-mastectomy yomhlaza wesibeleko basengozini yokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngenxa ye-carcinogenicity of radiation.
- Iintsholongwane - Iintsholongwane ezifana ne- papillomaviruses yabantu eyenza umdlavuza womlomo nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye ne-hepatitis C engabangela umdlavuza wesibindi kuthathwa njenge-carcinogens. Hlola ezinye iigciwane ezicingelwa ukuba zibangele umdlavuza .
- Amanye amayeza - Amanye amachiza e-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-hormonal angenza ingozi yomhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, i-chemotherapy esetyenziselwa ukuphatha abesifazana ngokuqala komhlaza wesifuba ngamathuba ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekubeni i-leukemia. Ukusetyenziswa kwemilomo yomlomo kungakhuphula umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza kubantwana abasetyhini.
- Impilo yokuphila - Ukubhema kunye nokukhuluphala kwamabhodlela okuba kukunyamekela ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezibangelwa ngumhlaza.
Ixesha leLatency
Kubalulekile ukuyiqonda ingqiqo yexesha le- latency .
Eli lixesha eliphakathi kokungcola kwi-carcinogen kunye nexesha lokukhula komhlaza. Ixesha le-latency lingaba mfutshane kakhulu, njengokuba kuvezwa kwimizila enokwenkliya yenyukliya, okanye kunoko, iminyaka emininzi, kuxhomekeke kwi-carcinogen ethile.
U vavanya
Akusoloko kulula ukuzimisela ukuba i-substance okanye ukuvezwa yi-carcinogen. Umzekelo omhle walokhu utshaya. Kuthatha iminyaka emininzi yophando kunye nezigidi zeedola ukucacisa ubudlelwane bokubhema kumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izifundo ezininzi zokuvavanya izinto ze-carcinogenicity zenziwa kwizilwanyana zisebenzisa ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngaphambi kokuvavanywa kwezilwanyana, ezininzi zezi zinto ziqale zijongwa kwiinkcubeko zeseli kwibra.
Nangona bekungekho mthethweni ukuvavanya izinto ze-carcinogenicity ebantwini, uphando oluthile lokujonga abantu abanomdlavuza, nokuvavanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili, kusetyenziswa ukuhlalutya izinto okanye ukuchithwa ukuvavanya amandla okubangela umdlavuza.
Ngelishwa, izifundo zeseli okanye izifundo zezilwanyana azikwazi ukusixelela njalo oko kuza kwenzeka kubantu. Oko kwenzeka ngeeseli zesintu kwisitya kwindawo yebhuyibhile inokuba yinto ehlukileyo kunokuba yintoni eyenzekayo yanikezelwa ngokufanayo phakathi kwezigidi zeempendulo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka kuyo yonke ixesha kubantu. Ngokufanayo, izifundo zezilwanyana azikwazi ukusoloko zisitshelisa oko kuza kwenzeka ngokunyanzeliswa kwabantu. Le nto yayinjalo kunye ne-thalidomide, eyayiyimveliso ekhuselekileyo kwizilwanyana zasebhoratri kodwa yabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa xa kunikwa abafazi abakhulelweyo.
Ulwahlulo
Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi ezikhoyo ezichaza i-carcinogens ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo:
I-Arhente yoKhuseleko yendalo:
- Iqela A: I-carcinogen kubantu
- Iqela B: Mhlawumbi kuba ne-carcinogen kubantu
- Iqela C: Ubungqina obucebisayo bokuba ne-carcinogen kubantu
- Iqela D: Ulwazi olungonelanga ukuhlola i-carcinogenicity
- Iqela E: Akunakwenzeka ukuba ube ne-carcinogen kubantu
I-Arhente yamazwe ngamazwe okuPhando ngeCarcer: Inkqubo yeSizwe yokuTyhulwa kweSizwe
- Iqela A: I-carcinogen kubantu
- Iqela B: Mhlawumbi kuba ne-carcinogen kubantu
- Iqela C: Ubungqina obunokubaluleka bokuthi i-carcinogen
- Iqela D: Ulwazi olungonelanelekanga lokuhlola i-carcinogenic potential
- Iqela E: Akunakwenzeka ukuba ube ne-carcinogen kubantu
Inkqubo kaZwelonke yokuTyhila
- Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carcinogen kubantu
- Ngokuqinisekileyo kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-carcinogen kubantu
Iinkcukacha zokukhusela
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba akuyiyo yonke into eyenziwa yi-carcinogen ekhoyo. Akunjalo nje kuphela izigidi zamagciwane ezinobungozi kwindalo kunye noshishino, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya zonke iikhemikhali ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu (okanye ngokuziphatha.) Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukwenza ingqiqo nanoma yiyiphi i-carcinogens apho no kutyhila. Kubalulekile ukuba:
- Funda amalebula, kwaye khangela izithako ongaziqhelanga ngazo. Ezinye iimveliso zasekhaya zenza ingxelo yokuba ziqukethe i-carcinogens yabantu. Umzekelo uninzi lweentsimbi zokucoca.
- Landela izikhokelo zokuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali ekhaya. Funda umshicileli omncinci kwiingxowa. Ezinye zezi ziphakamise ukugqoka iiglavu. Abanye bacebisa ukuphuphuma umoya, ugqoke imaski, okanye nokuba banike isistim esithile sokwenza umoya (ukuba uthetha oku, kuthetha ukuba i-mask ayanele ngokwanele ukukukhusela.) Siyakulibala ukuba izinto ezininzi zinokuthi zifakwe kalula ngesikhumba. Ngoku sineengcambu zezinto zonke ukusuka kwi-nicotine ukuya kwiimpawu zonyango ezisebenzisayo kule nkqubo. Umgaqo omhle wesohlwayo kukuba ukuba ungayidli, sebenzisa iiglavu ukuyiphatha.
- Landela iinkqubo ezinconywayo xa usebenza kunye neekhemikhali emsebenzini. Abaqeshi bafuneka ukuba banikezele ngeeNkcukacha zoKhuseleko lweMpahla kwiiyiphi iikhemikhali oza kutyhila kuzo emsebenzini. Thatha ixesha lokulibala ngokucokisekileyo.
- Cinga ezinye izinto eziza kuluhlu olude lwezithako: umzekelo, abanye abantu baye bafumanisa ukuba esikhundleni sokuba neenamba ezininzi zokucoca iimveliso (zonke izithako ezinokuphakamisa i-eye,) unokuhlaziya kakuhle ikhaya lakho usebenzisa iviniga, ijusi lemon , ioli yeoli, kunye ne-baking soda. Oku akuthethi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwii-carcinogens, kodwa kungabizi kakhulu.
- Cinga ngezinto ozenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, khangela ezi ngcamango ngendlela yokutya ukutya ukunciphisa i-carcinogens.
Yolwazi
Kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi apho ungabheka khona iikhemikhali kunye nezinto oye wazibonakalisa kuzo ukuze unqume i-carcinogenicity.
- I-IARC Monographs
- Inkqubo kaZwelonke yokuTyhila
ILizwi
Sifumene nama-carcinogens kwimeko yethu yonke imihla. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho izinto esiza kufunda ngazo i-carcinogen kwixesha elizayo, sinokuthatha isenzo namhlanje ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwethu. Ukuba nolwazi, nokuqonda ukuba kukho i-carcinogens kwimimandla yethu engazange ibonwe yinto yokuqala. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okuphepha okulula, afana neencwadi zokufunda kunye nokugqoka iiglavu akufuneki kubekho imfuneko, kodwa ungabulumko ukuba awuqhelani nemveliso osebenza nayo.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ngomdlavuza. Uluhlu lweCarcinogen. Ukuhlaziywa 04/24/17. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html
> I-Arhente yamazwe ngamazwe okuPhando ngeCarcer. UkuVavanywa kweengozi zeCarcinogen kubantu. http://monographs.iarc.fr/