Ukukwazi isiseko se-genetics kunokukunceda uqonde ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza
Inzululwazi yolwazi ulwazi lwe-genetics lwandisa imihla ngemihla, okwenza ukufumana unyango kunye nokunyanga ngakumbi kwimihla ngemihla. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uye wafumanisa ukuba unesimo somfuzo, unokufumanisa kunzima ukugcina yonke le migaqo-gama-based. Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nento ofuna ukuyazi ngayo.
Yintoni i-DNA?
I-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ithatha ulwazi lofuzo kwiiseli zomzimba wakho. I-DNA yenziwe ngamakhemikhali amane afanayo-i-adenine, i-thymine, i-cytosine kunye ne-guanine-ebizwa ngokuba yiziseko kunye nezifushaniso njenge-A, T, C, ne-G. Ezi ziseko ziphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngeenxalenye zombini ukwenza iDNA yakho.
Yintoni iGene?
I-gene iyingxenye ekhethekileyo yeDNA yakho yeseli. Iimvelaphi ziyimigaqo ekhowudiweyo yokwenza yonke into umzimba wakho ayifunayo, ngakumbi amaprotheni. Unama-galethi angama-25,000. Abaphandi abanakukwazi ukubona ukuba uninzi lwamagciwane ethu akwenzayo, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iizityalo zethu zingabandakanywa neziphazamiso ezifana ne- cystic fibrosis okanye isifo sikaHuntington.
Iiprotheni: Iibhloko zethu zokwakha
Iiprotheni zinamaketanga ekwakhiweni kweekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-amino acids. Iprotheni ingaququzelela ezimbalwa i-amino acids kwinqanawa okanye ingaba namawaka amaninzi. Iiprotheni zenza isiseko sezinto ezininzi ezenza umzimba wakho unjengokugaya, ukwenza amandla kunye nokukhula.
Iisiseko zeCromosomes
Iimvelaphi zifakwe kwiimfumba ezibizwa ngama-chromosomes. Abantu banama-23 e-chromosomes, okwenza ama-chromosomes angama-46. Kuzo zibini, enye ibini, i-x ne-y-chromosome, inquma ukuba uyindoda okanye ibhinqa, kunye nezinye iimpawu zomzimba. Amaqabane anamaqela ama-chromosomes ama-XX ngelixa amadoda enesibini ye-chromosomes ye-XY.
Ezinye iimbini zee-22 zi-chromosomes ze-autosomal, ezenza ukuba zonke izilwanyana zenziwe.
Human Genome?
I-genome yomntu yikopi epheleleyo yesethi yonke yesigidi somntu. Iprojekthi ye-Human Genome, egqityiwe ngo-2003, yachonga zonke izakhi zegciwane lomntu kwi-DNA kwaye igcinwe ulwazi kwiinkcukacha zolwazi ukuze bonke abaphandi belizwe bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa.
Ukuqonda Imimandla
Umyalelo othile weendidi ze-As, i-Ts, i-Cs, kunye ne-G zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-DNA yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho impazamo-enye yeebini zibini zitshintshwa, zidibene okanye ziphindwe. Oku kutshintsha ukubhalwa kwekhowudi enye okanye ezininzi izakhi zofuzo kwaye kuthiwa uguquko lwezofuzo. Olunye utshintsho aluncedo, ngelixa ezinye izigulo zingabangela izifo okanye zikhokele ekukhulelweni okungenasiphelo.
Enye indlela indlela ikhowudi yakho yeDNA ingatshintshwa ngayo yimpembelelo kuma-chromosomes akho. Icandelo le-chromosome liyakunqumla, utshintshe inxalenye yenye i-chromosome, okanye utshintshwe kwi-chromosome efanayo. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na iipazamo okanye ezinye iimpazamo ezenzekayo emva koko utshintsho, olubizwa ngokuba yiinguqulelo, lwenzeka ngaphakathi kwenkcazo yamagciwane akho. Unokuba neikopi ezintathu ze-chromosome, eyaziwa njenge-trisomy, okanye enye i-chromosome enye, endaweni yesibini eqhelekileyo. I-Down syndrome, ebizwa ngokuba yi-trisomy 21, ivela xa kukho iikopi ezintathu ze-chromosome 21.
Imithombo
- > Burton, Jess, noJon Turney. Isikhokelo soBugqirha kwiGenesis & Cloning . London: Rough Guide Ltd, 2007.
- > "Yintoni iGene?" Ukuqonda i-Genetics. Imyuziyam ye-Tech ye-Innovation. 21 uJan 2008.
- > "Indlela i-Genetic Disorders Ifa ngayo." I-Howard Hughes iZiko lezoNyango. 21 uJan 2008.
- > "I-Basics And beyond." Funda.Genetics. IYunivesithi yase-Utah. 21 uJan 2008.