I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala komkhuhlane ojikeleze ingqondo kunye nomtya womgca. Idala intloko, intamo entamo, kunye nomkhuhlane. I-Meningitis inokuvelisa iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinjengokuxinwa okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo. I-Meningitis idla ngokubangelwa yi-bacterial or virus.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-meningitis kunye nokuchongwa okuchanekileyo kwesi sizathu kubalulekile kuba ukuphathwa kwesi sifo kugxininiswa ubunzima besifo kunye nesizathu sokugula.
I-Meningitis, ingakumbi i-meningitis ye-bacterial, ayiqhelekanga, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yesigulo sokugonywa ngokubhekiselele kwizizathu ezixhaphakileyo. I-CDC iqikelela ukuba kukho amacala angama-4100 e-meningitis kunye nokufa kwama-500 e-United States ngonyaka.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-meningitis zingahlakulela ngaphezu kweeyure, okanye zingadluka kwiintsuku eziliqela. I-Meningitis ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana, nangona abantu abadala kunye nabaselula banokuphuhlisa i-meningitis.
Iimpawu ze-meningitis ziquka:
- Intloko ezibangelwa yi-meningitis zinokuba nzima. Iintloko ezincinci okanye eziqhelekileyo zingabonakalisa iimpawu zokuqala zamadoda. Intloko inokuthi ikhutshwe ngobumnene ekukhanyeni.
- Intamo elukhuni ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo we-meningitis. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abaneentamo ezilukhuni banokubuyisela intloko okanye bakhonkotwe intlungu xa bezama ukugoba intloko esiya esifubeni.
- Amafi avela kubantu abaninzi abane-meningitis, kwaye iifutha zingabakho ukusuka kuma-fever low-grade angama-100.5 F ukuya kuma-fever high-grade ngaphezu kwe-104 F.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa nokungazinzi
- Ukukhathala okanye ukulala
- Isihlunu okanye ukuhlanza
- Ukukhawuleza, okuqhelekileyo kungekhona i-blanching (ayiguquki emhlophe xa ucinezela kuyo) inokwenzeka, ngokukodwa nge-meningococcal meningitis.
- Ukuxhamla
- Utshintsho lwemoya yengqondo, njengokudideka, ukunyenga, i-delirium, i-hallucinations, okanye i-coma
Iimpawu kwiintsana eziselula
Kwiintsana kunye neentsana ezincinci, iimpawu ze-meningitis zingafika ngokukhawuleza, ngaphakathi kwimiba yeeyure. Iimpawu ze-meningitis eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane, intloko, kunye nentamo yentamo ingabikho okanye kunzima ukubona kwiintsana ezincinci.
- Iimpawu ze-meningitis kwiintsana zibandakanya ukuxhalaba, ukudinwa ngokweqile, ukunciphisa ukutya nokusela nokuhlanza.
- I-fontanel ekhulayo ingakhula kwiintsana. I-fontanel yindawo epholileyo kwintsimbi yengane apho amathambo engavali okwamanje. Xa kukho ukuvuvukala ejikeleze ingqondo, ukukhuphela kwamanzi kungabangela ukuba le ndawo ibe yinto engaqhelekanga ngokupheleleyo, kunokuba ibe yinyani, njengoko kufanelekile.
Izizathu
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubamba i-meningitis zisuleleke kwizifo ezithathelwanayo, ezinokutshatyalaliswa ngokutshintshiselwa kwamaconsi okuphefumla ngokukhwehlela, ukukrazula, ukumanga okanye ukuchaphazela izinto ezingcolileyo. Kukho ezininzi iindidi eziphilayo ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis. Iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi nazo zonke zinokubangela i-meningitis.
Viral Meningitis
Ixesha elithi aseptic meningitis lichaza imithini ye-meningitis eyenziwa yinto ngaphandle kweebhaktheriya, kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuchaza i-meningitis ye-viral.
Ezinye iindiza ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis zibandakanye:
- I-Enteroviruses yimbangela yesifo se-viral isifo se-meningitis. I-enteroviruses ihlala ngokuhlala kwindlela yokutya, kwaye ezininzi azibangeli izifo. I-Meningitis ebangelwa yi-enteroviruses ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kukaJuni no-Oktobha.
- Iimpilisi ze-Herpes, kubandakanywa nentsholongwane yenkukhu
- Iifom yegciwane
- Intsholongwane
- Igciwane lesifo
- Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile isasazwa ngumlingo wokuluma kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Oktobha. Ukongeza kwimiqondiso ye-meningitis, abantu abane-virus bahlala benokugqithisa kunye neengqungquthela ezivuvuzayo. Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNtsholongwane sele ifunyenwe kumazwe angama-46 kwaye malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abaphuhlisayo eso sifo nabo bahlakulela i-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis.
- Igciwane lesifo se-Lymphocytic virus
I-bacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacteria ithambe ukuvelisa iintsholongwane ezinzulu kunezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis, ezinokubakho ubuninzi beengxaki zexesha elide.
Isizathu esithile sebhakteria esibangela ukuba i-meningitis ihluke ngokubanzi.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-bacteria meningitis ezinsaneni eziselula zi:
- E. coli
- Iqela iB streptococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
Eyona nto ibonakalayo yintsholongwane yebhakteria ebangela i-meningitis kubantwana abancinci kukuba:
- I-streptococcus pneumoniae (ipneumonococcus) yona nto ibangela kakhulu imithi ye-bacterial meningitis kubantwana.
- I-Neisseria meningitides (i-meninogococcus) yeso sibini esona sizathu esiqhelekileyo se-meningitis kubantwana. I-Meningococcal meningitis ingavelisa iimpawu ze-meningitis kunye ne-petechial ephosakeleyo. Ukugqithisa kubonakala njengamabala abomvu amancinci angatshintshi ekubonakalayo xa uxinzelelo lubekwe elukhumbeni.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lweB (iHib) yayiyimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-meningitis kubantwana kude kube ngama-1990, kodwa isifo manje asiqhelekanga ngenxa yokugonywa.
- Ezinye izizathu ezinokwenzeka ze-bacterial meningitis ziquka isifo seLyme, i-syphilis, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, nesifo sofuba.
Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo Eziqhelekileyo Zokunikwa Kwemisongitis
- Ezinye izifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazela inkqubo yesistim ephakathi ne- cryptococcal meningitis (exhaphakileyo kubantwana abane-AIDS.)
- Amanye amayeza angabangela ukuvuvukala kwamadoda. Eyona ndawo iqhelekileyo yilezi zixhobo ezingaphiliyo ezichasayo (i-NSAID) ezinjenge-ibuprofen. I-antibiotics efana ne-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, eqhelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ukusuleleka kwezifo zogcino, ingakhokelela ekumeni.
- Izimo ezingathatshukiyo ezibonakaliswa ukuvuvukala, njengezifo ezizimelayo nazo zingabangela i-meningitis, nangona inqabile.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyangwa kwe-meningitis kunokukunceda ukukhusela iingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-meningitis inokuthi ifunyaniswe nembali kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Kodwa, ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwendoda ye-meningitis kunye nokuchonga kwendalo echaphazelayo kuyimfuneko yokonyango olufanelekileyo.
- Uhlolo loqobo: Ugqirha uya kuhlola ukuqina kwentamo nokubuya. Uphawu lukaKernig lubhekwa njengesimo esihle, kwaye luxhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-meningitis, ukuba kulimaza ukudlulisa idolo nge-hip eguquguqukayo. Uphawu lukaBrudzinski lubhekwa njengesimo esihle, kwaye luxhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-meningitis, ukuba ukunyanzelisa okanye ukunyusa intloko phantsi esiya esifubeni kubangele ubuhlungu kwaye kwenza izikhwebu kunye namadolo aguquke.
- Uvavanyo lokujonga: Ukujonga iimvavanyo zesistim se-central central, njengengqondo ye-CT, ingqondo ye-MRI okanye i-MRI yomgudu ingabaluleka ngokukhethekileyo ekuhlolweni kwe-meningitis. Ezi mvavanyo zikwazi ukulawula ezinye izizathu zeempawu ze-neurological. Basoloko bechonga ukuvuvukala kwama-mening. Kwaye, kufuneka ukuba ingqondo ye-CT okanye i-MRI yengqondo iqaphele ukuba ikhuselekile ukwenza i-lumbar puncture.
- Ukugqitywa kwe-Lumbar: Ukugqitywa kwe-lumbar yinkqubo apho isampula ye- cerebrospinal fluid isuswe ukuze ihlaziywe phantsi kwe-microscope ize ithumele inkcubeko. Inkcubeko yinkqubo apho isifo esithathelwanayo sakhula ebhodini kwaye sachongwa. I-cerebrospinal fluinal fluid ifumaneka xa inaliti ifakwe kwindawo engaphantsi apho umlambo kumgudu womgogodla ufikeleleka kalula.
Unyango
Ukwelashwa kwe-Meningitis kuxhomekeke kwisibakala kunye nesibangela sokugula. Unyango luyadingeka ukulawula iimpawu, kwaye, ngokuthe rhoqo, amayeza afunekayo ukuba aphathe usulelo okanye ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
Imithi Yobunzima
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imbangela ye-meningitis, unokufuna ukuthabatha amayeza enhlungu, ukunciphisa intloko kunye nentlungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amayeza amaninzi asebenzayo ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu obubangelwa yi-meningitis.
Ukunciphisa umkhuhlane
Ngenxa yokuba i-meningitis ivame ukudala umkhuhlane, amayeza anciphisa umkhuhlane afunekayo.
I-bacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacteria ingaphathwa kunye nenani lee-antibiotics ezichanekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba unyango luqale ekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Utyando lwe-meningitis yebhaktri ngokuqhelekileyo luqala ngokudibanisa ne-antibiotic ephakathi kwamanzi, ayenziwa ngamayeza anokuthi aphathe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusuleleka kubaktheriya. Ukukhethwa kwee-antibiotiki kunokutshintsha xa kutyunjwa ngokucacileyo. Iimpawu zokuvavanya, eziziimvavanyo ezichonga iintsholongwane ezithintekayo kwiibhaktheriya ezithile, nazo zinceda unyango oluchanekileyo.
Amayeza akhethiweyo ekuphatheni abantwana abancinci nge-meningitis ahluke kwii-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa abantu abadala, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba i-meningitis ibangelwa ngamabhaktheriya ahlukeneyo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingama-90 zobomi, i-cephalosporin yesizukulwana sesi-3, idibene ne-ampicillin ngenyanga yokuqala, ikhethwa rhoqo. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo bavame ukuphathwa ngokudibanisa ne-cefotaxime okanye ceftriazone kunye ne-vancomycin de kube yinto echaphazelekayo.
Viral Meningitis
Nge-meningitis enentsholongwane, injongo yonyango ngokuyinhloko kukunyamekela. Izifo ezitshatyalaliswa yi-Viral zingaphenduli kwiyeza zonyango, kwaye ezininzi iintsholongwane zentsholongwane aziphenduli kwii-antitivirals ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral infections ezithatha unyango lwe-anti-virus.
Steroids
Xa i-meningitis ibangelwa isifo esingenakuzimela, njenge-sarcoidosis okanye impendulo yamachiza, i-steroids ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
Thintelo
Kukho izicwangciso ezininzi ezinokukunceda ukukhusela i-meningitis . Ngelixa ezi zicwangciso azikwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo utshintsho lwakho lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, zinokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi.
Ucoceko
Ukuphepha izifo eziqhelekileyo kunokunciphisa amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni i-meningitis. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezenza ukuba i-meningitis isasazeke kumntu ukuya kumntu ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Ukuphepha ukusuleleka kukuyindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-meningitis kubantu bonke ubudala. Ezi meko zibaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abancinci, abanokuthi bangabonakalisi iimpawu ze-meningitis kwasekuqaleni, kwaye ngubani ongase ahlupheke ngakumbi.
- Geza izandla zakho ngokuqhelekileyo, ngakumbi xa zibonakaliswe kwiigciwane
- Musa ukwabelana ngezinto ezihlambulukileyo zokuhlanjululwa njengamazinyo
- Ukukhubaza i-disinfect surface kunye neengqayi zokuhlaziya rhoqo
- Gweba ukunxibelelana okufutshane okanye okude kunye nabanye abangenayo intsholongwane
Ukugonywa
Kukho izitofu ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-meningitis. Ezi zitofu azikhuseli ngokuthe ngqo kwi-meningitis, kodwa zikhusela kwizifo ngenxa yezilwanyana ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis.
Iigonyana ziyakunconywa ebuntwaneni. I-Collegeman's freshman, ngokukodwa abo bahlala kwiiborori basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-meningococcal, kwaye kufuneka bafundiswe ngokufumaneka kwe-vaccine ekhuselekileyo kunye neyosebenzayo yokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Hib
- N. meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Amathumbu
- Herpes Zoster
- Umgomo wokugonywa kwe-meningococcal conjugate
ILizwi
I-Meningitis yintsholongwane engathintekayo kuba inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Iimpawu zinokumangalisa kwaye zingaphumelela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zinobuqili okanye obungacacanga, oku kunokubangela ukulibaziseka ukuxilongwa. Ngokukhawuleza ufumana unyango, kulunge amathuba akho okufumana unyango osebenzayo. Unyango lwonyango lwe-meningitis luyindlela engcono yokunciphisa iingxaki kunye neziphumo ezingathintekiyo zentsholongwane.
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo se-meningitis, unokufumana ubuhlungu kunye nentloko emva kweveki ezimbalwa emva kokuphulukana. Uninzi lwexesha, i-meningitis iphucula ngaphandle kwexesha elide.
> Imithombo:
> Taj A, Jamil N. I-Cerebrospinal Concentration of Biogenic Amines: Ubunokwenzeka ukuba i-Biomarkers ye-Diagnosis ye-bacterial and Viral Meningitis. Pathogens. 2018 uMatshi 13; 7 (2). pii: E39. i-doi: 10.3390 / i-pathogens7020039.
> Villena R, iSafadi MAP, iValenzuela MT, i-Torres JP, i-Finn A, i-O'Ryan M. I-epidemiology yehlabathi jikelele yesifo se-serogroup B kunye nokufumana inqobo yokukhusela nge-vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Apr 18: 1-50. i-doi: 10.1080 / 21645515.2018.1458175. [Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta]