I-Meningitis igama eliqhelekileyo lokusuleleka kwamadoda - i-fluid kunye neembumba ezijikeleze intambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo. Iibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo kunye neentsholongwane zingakwazi ukuchaphazela le ndawo yomzimba kwaye ezinye zazo zinokuthintela ngeigonyo.
Izimpawu ze- Classic ze-meningitis ziquka intloko, intamo eqinile, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuhlanza, photophobia (ukungathandeki xa ukhangela izibane ezikhanyayo), ukudideka, kunye nokucasula.
Kubazali abaninzi, mhlawumbi kungenye yezinto zokuqala ocinga ngazo xa umntwana wakho eba nomkhuhlane kunye nentloko okanye intlungu yentlungu.
Akukho i-Vaccine For Meningitis?
Ngenxa yokuba inani leebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane zingabangela ukuba i-meningitis, leyo yimibuzo enzima kakhulu kunokuba ibonakale kuqala.
Kukho izigulane ezininzi zamantongitis eziyingxenye yeshedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-bacterial meningitis. Ekubeni intsholongwane edala i-mumps ingabangela ukuba i-meningitis nayo, ukukhusela i-MMR ikhusela abantwana kwimbangela enye ye-virtual meningitis.
Kukho ezinye iindidi ze-viral meningitis apho izitofu zingakhange ziphuhliswe. Ngenhlanhla, i-meningitis yentsholongwane ayiqhelekanga njengentsholongwane enkulu njengengxaki ye-bacterial meningitis.
Imithi ye-Meningitis
Ukongezelela ekukhuseleni abantwana ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo zokusuleleka kwabantwana, iigcayi zilandelayo zijongwa ngamagciwane e-meningitis:
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwe-b (Hib) lokugonya
- I-Meningococcal (i-Menactra, i-Menveo, i-Bexsero, ne-Trumenba) izitofu ezithintela ezininzi i- Neisseria meningitides izifo
- I-MenHibrix idibanisa isitofu se-Hib kunye namaqela e-meningococcal C no-Y kwintsholongwane enobungozi abasemngciphekweni ophezulu okhuselekileyo kwi-meningococcal disease
- I-Pneumococcal (Prevnar) evimbela amaninzi eStreptococcus pneumoniae
Hib Vaccine
Ukongeza kwi-meningitis ye-bacterial, i-Hib vaccine ikhusela abantwana abancinci malunga ne- pneumonia , ibacteremia (ukusuleleka kwegazi), kunye ne-epiglottitis kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwebhaktheriya.
Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-Hib yokugonya ngo-1988, abantwana abangaba ngu-20,000 babenokutheleleka kwe- Hib ngonyaka, kubandakanywa amacala ayi-12 000 we-bacterial meningitis. Iingxaki, ezichaphazela malunga ne-30% yabantwana, zazibandakanya izithulu, ukuxhwala, ukuphunga kunye nokuphuza kwengqondo. Kwaye malunga ne-5% yabantwana ababene-bacterial meningitis eyenziwa yi-Hib bacteria.
Abantwana ngoku bahlala beqala ukufumana isitofu sokukhusela i-Hib xa behlala ezinyangeni ezimbini ubudala, bephela ngesifo se-booster xa beneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwe-15 ubudala.
Imithi ye-Meningococcal
Iimpawu zokugaya i-meningococcal zikhusela abantwana kwiintlobo ezininzi ze- Neisseria meningitidis bhakteria, ezinokubangela i-meningitis kunye ne-meningococcemia, isifo esasongela ubomi besifo segazi.
I-Menomune yayisisigxina sokugonywa kwe-meningococcal efumanekayo e-United States, kodwa sele ichitshiyelwe ngokutsha ngeenguqulelo ezintsha zokugonya - i-Menactra ne-Menveo.
Ezi zitofu ezikhuselekileyo zikhusela kwi-serogroups ye-meningococcal A, C, Y, ne-W-135.
Kunconywa ukuba bonke abantwana bafumane iMenactra okanye iMenveo xa beneminyaka eyi-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala, benesifo somthamo xa beneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwe-18 ubudala. Abanye abantwana abafanele bafumane isitofu sokugonywa kwamadoda kubandakanya abatsha abangenayo i dose (kufuneka bafumane umthamo wokubambisa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka) kunye nabantwana abancinci ababhekwa njengengozi enkulu yokusuleleka kwi-meningococcal infections. Aba bantwana abasengozini enkulu baquka abo baye batshabalalisa i-pen, banesiphelo esonakalisiweyo, okanye bafumana ezinye iingxaki zesistim somzimba.
I-Trumenba ne-Bexsero ziyi-vaccination entsha ye-meningococcal ekhusela i- Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Olu hlobo losulelo lwe-meningococcal olubangele ukuqhuma kwiikholeji zakutshanje, kuquka iPrinceton neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara. Akhe afunwa okwangoku kodwa ayanconywa kubantwana abasemngciphekweni kunye nabantu abadala, kuquka abo basengozini ngenxa yokuqhambuka.
Ngokutsho kweCDC, "Iingqungquthela ze-MenB zokugonywa zingathathwa kubantwana abaselula kunye nabaselula abaseneminyaka engama-16 ukuya ku-23 ukulungiselela ukukhuselwa kwexesha elifutshane kwiintlobo zesifo se-serogroup B yesifo se-meningococcal. "U
I-Pneumococcal Vaccine
Nangona kudla ukucinga ukuba uyigciwane lokunyanga indlebe, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba isitofu sokugqibela sokukhusela i-pneumococcal (Prevnar) likhusela abantwana kwi-meningitis ye-bacterial, i-blood infections kunye ne-pneumonia.
I-Prevnar ikhusela abantwana malunga neengxaki ezi-13 ze- Streptococcus pneumoniae bhakteria kwaye kunikwa iintsana njengeziqulatho ezine-dose eziqala kwiinyanga ezimbini.
Abanye abantwana abadala abasemngciphekweni kufuneka baphinde bafumane i-Pneumovax pneumococcal vaccine, kubandakanye nalawo abaneengxaki ze-immune system, iingxaki zentliziyo kunye ne-asthma.
I-bacterial Meningitis
Kutheni kukho izitofu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-bacterial meningitis?
Kungenxa yokuba kukho iibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis.
Kwaye kunye nale mijelo ye-meningitis engakwazi ukuthintela izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubangela i-bacteria meningitis, abayi kuphesela ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo, njengokuba zibangelwa yi- E. coli okanye iStaplanlococcus aureus ibhaktheriya. Ngaphandle koko, abantwana abasempilweni abasengozini enkulu yokungena kwi-meningitis ukusuka kula mabhaktheriya, nangona kunjalo, kodwa abantwana abasanda kuba neurosurgery okanye abanezinye iingxaki zonyango.
Imithombo:
CDC. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines kwi-Adolescents and Adults Adults: Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi malunga neMigudu yokuVilisa, ngo-2015. Oktobha 23, 2015/64 (41); 1171-6
Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin: Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, 6th.
I-Plotkin: Iigciwane, i-5 ed.