Abantu baseMerika bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomdemokhrasi kunanoma yiphina inhlanga e-United States. Ingqalelo, i-Alzheimer's Association ibonisa ukuba umngcipheko we-Afrika waseMelika unobungozi obunokubakho kabini kwi-white non-Latino kunye nama-65 ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwama-Asia aseMerika. Ezinye iimithombo zithetha ukuba umngcipheko we-Afrika waseMerika ungaphezu kwamaxesha amathathu aphezulu kunabamhlophe abangabambalwa.
Abaphandi abaninzi baye bajonge oku kungalingani ukufunda izinto ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kule mngcipheko we- Alzheimer kunye nezinye iintlobo zeengqondo .
Ukuchonga izingozi
Xa kukho ukungalingani kobuhlanga kwimeko nayiphi na impilo, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukuba kutheni ezo ntlukwano zikhoyo. Uphando lufumene ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela ukuba umngcipheko we-dementia ukwanda kwabase-Afrika baseMelika:
Izifo Zeenhliziyo
Isifo se-Cardiovascular sehlangene ngokunyanisekileyo kwengozi yokugula komzimba, kuquka i- Alzheimer's and mental cirression . Izifo ze-Cardiovascular disease ziquka imiba yempilo efana nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nemivimbo.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luqhelekileyo kuma-Afrika aseMerika kunamanye amahlanga, kwaye kwakhona lukhula ngaphambili kwimpilo ngokulinganayo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi luye lwazimela ngokuzimeleyo nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhliswa kwengqondo.
Umngcipheko wokuba uhlangothi luphezulu kuma-America aseMerika kunokuba amanye amaqela eentlanga.
Enyanisweni, iNational Stroke Association iqikelela ukuba umngcipheko wengozi kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika baphakamileyo kabini kunabamhlophe abangabambalwa eLatino. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo kunye nesantya sogada, isifo sengqondo segazi sisenokukhula.
- Ukhuseleko lwezeMali
Amanqanaba omvuzo omncinci kunye nobunzima bezemali ezibonwe zihambelaniswe nokusebenza kwengqondo engaphantsi.
Olunye uphando olujongene nobuhlwempu kunye nobunzima bezemali obandakanyekayo babandakanyeka abathathi-nxaxheba ababa malunga neminyaka eyi-50 ubudala. Abaphengululi bafumene ukuba abantu abaye bafumana ubuhlwempu iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 benza okuncinane kwiimvavanyo zovavanyo . Abathathi-nxaxheba kulolu cwaningo babefundile kakhulu, bacebisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba i-causation yangaphambili ikhoyo. Ngamanye amazwi, izinga labo eliphakamileyo lemfundo linciphisa amathuba okuba amazinga aphantsi emfundo okanye ubuncinane beengqondo kubangela ukuba ubuhlwempu buphuhlise.
Ama-American aseMelika asemngciphekweni ophezulu wobuhlwempu kunamanye amazwe, kunye nolwazi lwe-US Census olubonisa ukuba phantse enye yekota yamaAfrika aseMzantsi Afrika ahlala kwintlupheko, ngelixa abangaphantsi kwama-10 ekhulwini labamhlophe abangabangelwa eLatino bahlala beswele.
- Sikashukela
Umngcipheko wesifo sikashukela, oye wadibana neengozi yokwanda kwe-Alzheimer's disease, iphezulu kakhulu kuma-Afrika aseMerika kunamanye amahlanga. Isifo se-Alzheimer sinegama elithi " uhlobo lweswekile lwesithathu " ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana phakathi kwezi zimbini izifo.
- Amanqanaba eMfundo aphantsi
Amanqanaba aphantsi emfundo abonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ngelixa amazinga aphakamileyo emfundo acingelwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-dementia, inxalenye enxulumene nokwanda kwendawo yokugcina ingqondo .
Okwangoku, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, ngokuqhelekileyo, banamathuba amanqanaba emfundo kunabamhlophe abangabambalwa eLatino. Xa imbali yelizwe lethu ihlaziywa, kuphawulwe ukuba inkqubo yethu inqande abaninzi base-Afrika baseMelika ukuba bafikelele kwiinkqubo ezifanayo zemfundo abanye ababeye kuzo. Ngoku kutshanje nje ngee-1960, isikolo sahlula ama-Afrika aseMerika, kwaye inkxaso-mali yesikolo eso yayingaphantsi kwezikolo ezimhlophe. Ngaphambi kweli xesha, ukufikelela kumaziko alinganayo okufundisa kwakungaphantsi. Ngokwenkqubo, ilizwe lethu lithintela ukufikelela okulinganayo kwimfundo, mhlawumbi inomdla kwinqanaba lemfundo elisezantsi, elidibene nomngcipheko wokunyuka kwengqondo.
- Ukuboniswa kwiiNkcazo eziPheleleyo zoBomi
Olunye uphando olwenziwe kwiNgqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe ka-2017 i-Alzheimer's Association yabona ukuba amava obomi abaxinzelelekileyo kubomi baseMerika basebenzisene nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kwimeko yangaphambili. Kule sifundo, amava obomi obuxinzelelekileyo afaka oku okulandelayo:
- Ukuxothwa emsebenzini
- Iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nezobulungisa
- Ukungabi nokhuseleko lwezezimali
- Ukungquzulana nabanye
- Ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo nangokwenyama
- Iingxaki zempilo
- Ukufumana ukulwa
- Ukuba nomzali owasebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi okanye utywala
- Ukufa komntwana
Abaphandi bathi i-level of education, i- APOEEN4 yesimo somzimba (i-gene ebeka abantu engozini enkulu yokudemeka kwengqondo) kunye neminyaka yobudala ibingalinganiyo kulo lonke uhlanga kumathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye ngenxa yoko ayikho into echaphazela iziphumo kufunda.
Ngokomyinge, ama-Afrika aseMerika kwiphononongo afumana ama-60 ekhulwini amaxesha angaphezu kweengxaki xa befaniswa nabamhlophe abangabamhlophe. Ezi ziganeko zahambelana nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kwixesha elizayo njengoko kubonakaliswe ukusebenza kakubi kwimemori kunye neengxaki zokusombulula iingxaki. Kwababantu base-Afrika baseMelika, amava okuphila okuxinzelelekileyo ayalingana neminyaka emine yokuguga kwengqondo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu phofu aluzange lulungelelanise phakathi kwesifo sengqondo esithile sokuxilongwa komqondo kodwa lujolise ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, enokubakho ubungqina, kunye / okanye umngcipheko, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nomqondo weengqondo.
- Ukuzalwa Kwimeko Ejongene Nokufa Kwemntwana Ephakamileyo
Olunye uphando olwenziwe kwiNgqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe ka-2017 i-Alzheimer's Association yabonisa ukubaluleka kwendawo yokuzalwa yomntu. Abaphandi bafunda amazinga okufa kwabantwana bamazwe ahlukeneyo ngowe-1928. Emva kokutshekisha ngokulandelelana kwezi xabiso kunye neirekhodi zezokwelapha, bafumanisa ukuba ama-Afrika aseMerika azalwe kumazwe anamazinga aphezulu okufa kwabantu abancinci babengama-40 ekhulwini amathuba okuba bahlakulele ingqondo kunokuba amaAfrika aseMelika azalwe phantsi usana lokufa. Babengama-80 ekhulwini amathuba okuba bahlakulele ingqondo xa befaniswa nabamhlophe abazalwa ngokusweleka komntwana osezantsi. Ama-Whites azalwe ekufeni kwabantu abancinci abasetyhini abazange babonise ingozi ephezulu yokugula ngengqondo, ebonisa ukuba "ngandlela-thile" bafumana ingozi kwiimingcipheko okanye imiphumo yokufa.
Nangona isifundo esinye singagxininisi ukulungelelanisa, abaphandi baqaphele ukuba ingozi eyongeziweyo yaba khona nangemva kokujonga isifo sikashukela, isifo, isisindo, amanqanaba emfundo kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi. Bathetha ukuba izimo ezinzima ebomini bokuqala zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-dementia kamva ebomini.
- Ukuxinezeleka
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukunyamezela kwengcinezelo engapheliyo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ama-Afrika aseMelika angama-20 ekhulwini angaphezu kwamashumi amabini anamava angaphezu kwengama-90 angama-90. Ukongezelela, amaAfrika aseMerika ahlala kwintlupheko aphindwa kathathu njengalabo abangenayo intlupheko ukuba bavezele ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, kwaye ngoko kubekho ingozi yokuxinezeleka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- Ukuhlala kwabahlali abahlelelekileyo
Olunye uphando lubonakalisa indawo yokuhlala njengabantu "bahlelelekile" ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wobuhlwempu, izinga lokuqeshwa, izindlu, kunye nemfundo. Abaphandi bafumene ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abahlala kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo babenomlinganiselo omncinane kwiimvavanyo ezilinganisa imemori esheshayo, isivinini sokuqonda kunye nokuguquguquka, imemori yokusebenza kunye nokufunda ngomlomo, abaphandi bafumanisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo ommakishi we-Alzheimer kumqolo wamagogxa abo ezi ndawo ziphantsi kwezentlalo. Nangona uphando aluzange luvivinye ukuvela kwe-Alzheimer kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, amanqaku angaphantsi kwengqondo kunye nobukho be-Alzheimer's biomarkers bahambelane nomngcipheko ophezulu wokugula komqondo.
AbaNakekeli baseMerika kunye ne-Dementia
Njengoko kunjalo nakwezinye iintlobo ezincinci ezifana neLatinos , abaninzi base-Afrika baseMelika abanengxaki yokugula komzimba baxhaswa ngabanonophelo bentsapho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulindeleke ukuba amalungu omndeni wase-Afrika waseMerika anakekele abantu abathandekayo abadala kwaye bagula. Nangona le nxaxheba ingabonwa njengento elindelekileyo kwaye ingabi mthwalo, ibuye ibe nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kumntu kunye nomnakekeli wabo.
Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abanako ukucela uncedo, bafune ukuxilongwa, okanye badibanise nezibonelelo zoluntu. Ingxenye yesi sizathu sinxulumene nokungabikho kokuxhunywa okanye ukuthembela okuqinisekileyo kubaboneleli bezempilo kunye / okanye imibutho yokuxhasa uluntu. Ukongezelela, abantu abaninzi abanakho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango, apho imeko yokuxilongwa ayiyi kwenzeka kude kube yinkqubo yesifo.
Iingcebiso
Imibutho emininzi iye yacela indlela yokunqwenela ukukhonza amaAfrika aseMelika ahlala nomqondo wokugula komzimba, kunye namalungu entsapho. Zikhombisa izicwangciso eziliqela, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:
- Ukubonelela ngolwazi olunxulumene noluntu malunga nesifo se-Alzheimer. Ukusabalalisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha, eziphathekayo zenkcubeko ezijolise kwiingozi ezithile ezinxulumene nama-Afrika aseMelika, iimpawu zokuqala zokumangalisa kunye neendlela zokuthintela ukugcina impilo yengqondo.
- Ukunikezela ngoluntu, uxhumano lwasekhaya malunga nezibonelelo. Ukufikelela kwiintsapho emakhaya abo ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye noqeqesho, nifunde ukuba ngubani na iintsapho ziya kufumana luncedo kwaye zinikeze imfundo malunga nokufikelela kwiinkonzo.
- Ukwakha uluntu nolwalamano. Abaninzi baseMerika baseMelika banxibelelwano olunzulu nokholo lwabo kunye noluntu. Inethiwekhi kunye nemibutho yaseAfrika yaseAfrika kunye neeklibanki ukwakha ubudlelwane kunye neziteshi zonxibelelwano. Olu lwalamano luya kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezifumanekayo njengengcaciso kunye nokuhlonelwa kwezi nkonzo zanda.
- Sebenza ukukhusela umncedisi wokutshiswa ngokunikela ngeenkonzo. Ngenxa yokuba ama-Afrika aseMelika angenakukwazi ukusebenzisa ukuxhaswa kunye nokunakekelwa kweziko, umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa ngumncedisi uyabaluleka . Ukunikezela ngemfundo malunga nokunyamekelwa kwemiphefumlo kunye neenkqubo zokunyamekela iintsuku zokudala ukuze uncede ukugcina umntu othandekayo ekhaya uze unciphise ithuba lokunyamekela umnakekeli .
ILizwi
Ukuxhaphaka okungavaliyo komqondo kwimimandla yase-Afrika yaseMerika kuyaphawuleka kwaye, njengabaqeqeshi bempilo, abahlobo kunye nabamelwane, kufuneke ukuba kuthathwe isenzo. Kuyakunzima gqitha njengoko siqala ukuqonda le ngxaki, kodwa ukuphuhlisa ulwazi kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi nabanye kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala esinokuyithatha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Alzheimer's Association. Afrika kunye nama-Alzheimer's. http://www.alz.org/africanamerican/
> I-Alzheimer's Association International. 2017. Izifundo ezine ziveza ukungafani kobuhlanga ekungciphekweni kwengqondo kunye neziganeko. https://www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2017/AAIC17-Ukukhupha-
> American Heart Association. Afrika-America kunye neentliziyo zeSifo, iSroroke. Julayi 2015. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/African-Americans-and-Heart-Disease_UCM_444863_Article.jsp#.WaGRJSiGPIU
> Barnes LL, uBennett DA. Izifo ze-Alzheimer Kwi-Afrika yaseMerika: Izinto ezijongene nobungozi kunye neengxaki kwixesha elizayo. Impilo yezempilo (iProvense Hope) . 2014; 33 (4): 580-586. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084964/
> Mayeda ER, uGlymour MM, Quesenberry CP, i-Whitmer RA. Ukungalingani kwimeko yesifo sengqondo phakathi kweentlanga ezi-6 kunye noluntu ngokweminyaka engama-14. I-Alzheimer's & dementia: iphephandaba le-Alzheimer's Association . 2016; 12 (3): 216-224. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969071/
> Impilo yengqondo yaseMelika. IziNtu zeMnyama kunye ne-Afrika kunye neMpilo yengqondo. http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/african-american-mental-health
> I-US Bureau of Census, "Imali kunye Nentlupheko eMelika: 2016. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf