Ingqwalaselo yeSifo se-Alzheimer's
Isifo se-Alzheimer isifo esiqhubekayo se-neurological disease, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kubangela ukuba ingqondo ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Isifo se-Alzheimer senza ukuba utshintshe kwimemori , ukuthetha, isigwebo , ubuntu kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwengqondo .
I-Alzheimer yaqala ukubonwa ngu- Alois Alzheimer ngo-1906 eJamani kwaye iyona hlobo oluqhelekileyo lomqondo wokugula ngengqondo , ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwengqondo engaphumeleli.
Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ngesifo se-Alzheimer njengento echaphazela abantu abadala kuphela, kunene zimbini iintlobo zesifo se-Alzheimer: ukuqala kwasekuqaleni (okubizwa ngokuba yi- typical ) i-Alzheimer echaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 kunye nokuqala kwe-Alzheimer's , echazwa yimpawu eqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-60.
> Izifo ze-Alzheimer zingabangela ukuhla kweengxube zengqondo.
Ngubani Ofumana Izifo Ze-Alzheimer?
Kulinganiselwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintlanu eUnited States bahlala kunye ne-Alzheimer okanye i-Alzheimer's okanye i-mental dementia, nangona kungabikho bonke abafumanekayo.
Ukongezelela, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba abaninzi abantu abangama-500 000 baseUnited States baqala ukuhlaziya i-Alzheimer's , okanye olunye uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo oluchaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60.
I-Alzheimer ayinxalenye yokuguga ngokuqhelekileyo ; Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, amathuba okuphucula i-Alzheimer. Ipesenti ezili-13 zabantu ngabangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala bane-Alzheimer okanye enye indlela yokugula komzimba, ngelixa ama-50 ekhulwini abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-85 banama-Alzheimer okanye olunye uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo sokugula komzimba.
Iqela labantu belikhulu lepesenti ze-Alzheimer yi-Caucasian females, mhlawumbi ekubeni ukulinda kwabo ubomi bukhulu kunabo bonke.
Nangona kunjalo, abafazi ngokubanzi basengozini yokuhlaselwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer. Phantse kubini kweyesithathu kwabaseMerika abanesifo se-Alzheimer okanye isifo sengqondo soxinzelelo esifanelekileyo.
Kukhona ithuba elongeziweyo lokuphuhlisa i-Alzheimer ukuba unesihlobo nesifo, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze unciphise ngokukhawuleza le mngcipheko .
Iimpawu kunye neempembelelo ze-Alzheimer's
Iimpawu zeAlzheimer zibandakanya iingxaki ngememori, ukunxibelelana, ukuqonda nokugwetywa. Utshintsho lobuntu lunokuqala ukuphuhlisa. Njengoko eso sifo siyaqhubeka, amandla okusebenza ngokwengqondo, entlalweni kunye nangokwenyama uyaqhubeka nokuhla.
Nangona ukunyuka kwesifo se-Alzheimer kungahluka ngokusekelwe kumntu, kulandeleka iphethane efanayo ekwahlula kwizigaba ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: isigaba sokuqala, isigaba esiphakathi, kunye nexesha elide.
Izifo zokuqala zeAlzheimer's Stage
Kwimigangatho yokuqala ye-Alzheimer, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukufunda ulwazi olutsha, fumana igama elifanelekileyo ukuchaza into ethile, khumbula into eyenzekayo ( ukukhubazeka kwexesha elifutshane ) okanye ucwangcise kwaye uququzelele umsebenzi-umsebenzi ofuna ulawulo olusebenzayo .
Izifo zoMphakathi weAlzheimer
Kwinqanaba eliphakathi le-Alzheimer's , ukucinga ngokucacileyo kuba nzima nakakhulu. Iikhumbuzo zexesha elide zihlala ziphela, kwaye kukho ukuhla kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezithuba zendawo (ezinokubangela ukuba abantu bahlekise okanye balahleke). Ukuguquka kwemizwelo kunye nokuziphatha, njengokuxhalaba kunye nokuxhalaba , kuyaqheleka kwisigaba esiphakathi, kwaye oku kunokuba nzima ngabo bobabini abahlala nomqondo wokugula, kunye nabathandekayo babo, ukujongana.
Isifo se-Stage Alzheimer
Ekupheleni kwezigaba zesifo se-Alzheimer , ukusebenza komzimba kunciphisa kakhulu, ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukugqoka, nokutya okunzima. Ekugqibeleni, umntu onomdla we-Alzheimer wexesha elide uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubaxhasi ukunceda ngezidingo zabo ezisisiseko.
Izinto Ezi-3 Ukukwazi Ngezifo Ze-Alzheimer's
Isifo se-Alzheimer Isinye seziganeko ezininzi ezibangelwa yi-Dementia
Unokuva isigama se- dementia esisetyenziswa ngokubambisana nesifo se-Alzheimer. I-Dementia kunye neAlzheimer ayinto enye, nangona imigaqo isetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-Dementia yixesha eliqhelekileyo leengxaki zokuqonda, ezifana nokulahleka kwememori kunye nobunzima bezonxibelelwano.
Isifo se-Alzheimer sisona sizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuphefumula komqondo, kodwa kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi kunye nezimbangela zeengqondo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo yoluhlu olubanzi oluneemeko ezininzi, esinye sezifo zesifo se-Alzheimer.
Ezinye iintlobo zomdemokhrasi ziquka ukugula komzimba , i- Lewy yokugula komzimba , isifo sengqondo sikaParkinson, ukugula komzimba kwangaphambili , i- Huntington nesifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob .
Akukho konke ukulahlekelwa kwememori okubangelwa zizifo ze-Alzheimer's okanye i-Dementia
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuncipha kwengqondo kubangelwa ezinye iimeko, ezinye zazo ziimeko ezinokuguqulwa , ezifana nokunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo ye-hydrocephalus okanye i- vitamin B12 . Ukuchonga nokuphatha le miqathango ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ukwandisa ithuba lokuqonda ukuphucula.
Ukulahleka kweememori kungabangelwa yimicimbi yemihla ngemihla kuquka ukuxinezeleka, ukukhathala, iziphazamiso, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nokuxutywa kwamanani amaninzi.
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Isifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-Dementia Awukhethi
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Kutheni izifo ze-Alzheimer zibizwa ngokuba yi-Type 3 Diabetes
Umgangatho wobomi unokwenzeka kwi-Alzheimer's's disease
Kuyinto evamile ukuva intlungu, ukudabuka, nokuxhalaba emva kokuxilongwa kwe-Alzheimer's, nangona kukho ngamanye amaxesha abantu abathi bazive bekhululekile ngenxa yokuba baneempawu (okanye othandekayo) abazifumanayo. Ukufunda malunga nesifo se-Alzheimer kungabangalisa. Nangona kunjalo, oko kubalulekile ukwazi kwaye ukhumbule kukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube nobomi obupheleleyo kunye neyona nto ihlala ne-Alzheimer's disease.
Njani? Abantu abane-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iintlobo zeengqondo zomzimba babuzwa lo mbuzo kwaye iimpendulo zabo zanikeza isikhuthazo kunye nolwazi olunzulu malunga nento eyenza umgangatho wobomi .
Iingcebiso zabo zibandakanya iingcamango ezilandelayo:
- Ukubonelela ngemisebenzi enenjongo- kungekhona nje i-bingo
- Sincede sisebenzisane nentlalo
- Gcina (kwaye usebenzise) umva
- Nika ingqungquthela
- Ukubonelela ngokomoya xa ufuna
Ukuchonga i-Alzheimer's
Ukufumanisa isifo se-Alzheimer senziwa ngokulawula ezinye izifo okanye izizathu, ukuhlaziywa kwimbali yosapho kunye nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukubona indlela ubuchopho busebenza ngayo. Abanye oogqirha banokwenza iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezifana ne- MRI , engabonisa utshintsho kwisayizi yobuchopho kunye nesakhiwo esingaholela ekugqibeleni kwe-Alzheimer's.
Nangona oogqirha abaqhelekileyo bavame ukuxilonga i-Alzheimer, unokufuna ukuvavanywa kwesazi sengqondo, ugqirha wezilwanyana okanye i-neurologist. I-Alzheimer ayikwazi ukufunyanwa ngokuqinisekileyo emva kokufa xa i-autopsy iqhutyelwa kwaye utshintsho oluthile lweengqondo lunokubonakala; Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kwezi zixhobo ezingentla ziyimilinganiselo yoshishino ngeli xesha kwaye iboniswe ngokuchanekileyo.
Unyango lwe-Alzheimers
I-Alzheimer ayinakho unyango ngeli xesha, kodwa ukufumana iindlela zokwenza unyango olungakumbi kunye neendlela zokukhusela, kwakunye nokufumana unyango lwesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi. Ulwaphulo lwangoku lwe-Alzheimer lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's, kuquka ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha nokukhathazeka, ngokusebenzisa unyango lweziyobisi kunye neendlela ezingezizo iziyobisi.
Unyango lweziyobisi
- Iintlobo ezimbini zamachiza ziye zavunywa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukuphatha isifo se-Alzheimer: i-cholinesterase inhibitors, kuqukwa i- Aricept (i-fakepezil) , i- Exelon (revastigmine) kunye no-Razadyne (galantamine) kunye ne-N-Methyl D-Aspartate (i-NMDA) ) abachasayo, kuquka iMamenda (memantine) . Nangona la mayeza ebonakala ephucula iinkqubo zengcamango kubantu abathile, ukusebenza ngokubanzi kubanzi kakhulu. La mayeza kufuneka ahlolwe rhoqo ngenxa yemiphumo emibi kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amayeza.
- Iyeza zengqondo ziyakunikwa ukuba zijolise ekuziphatheni kunye neempawu zeemvakalelo ze-Alzheimer's. I-Psychotropics yimiyeza ejongene neengqondo zengqondo kunye nemvakalelo yengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuxilonga, iyeza zengqondo, njenge- antipsychotic medication , zinokumiselwa kwaye zisoloko zikunceda ekunciphiseni iilucucinations. Njengoko kunye nezinye iziyobisi, i-psychotropics inokubangela iziphumo eziphambili kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, ngoko kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye idibaniswe neendlela ezingezizo iziyobisi.
Iindlela ezingekho phantsi kweziyobisi
Izindlela ezingekho phantsi kweziyobisi zijolise ekuphatheni iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo ze-Alzheimer ngokutshintsha indlela esiyiqondayo kunye nokusebenzisana nomntu ono-Alzheimer's. Ezi ndlela ziyabona ukuba ukuziphatha ngokuqhelekileyo kuyindlela yokuthetha nabo abane-Alzheimer's, ngoko injongo kukuqonda intsingiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokuba kutheni.
Izindlela ezingezizo iziyobisi ziquka imizamo yokufumanisa isizathu esibangela ukuziphatha okanye imvakalelo . Ngokomzekelo, ukuqonda ukuba ukungazinzi kungabangela ukuba kuhambe ukuhamba okanye ukusebenzisa i-yokuhlambela-kwaye ukujongana nezo zidingo-kuya kubangela impendulo ephumelele ngakumbi kunokuba umbuze umntu ngengqondo yokumane ahlale phantsi.
Izindlela ezingekho phantsi kweziyobisi kufuneka zenzeke phambi kokusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-psychotropic kuba ayinakho imiphumo emibi okanye ukusebenzisana ngamachiza.
Injongo yale ndlela iphuhlise iindlela ezingenelelo ngoncedo ngokulungiswa kwindlela yokukhathalela okanye indawo yokunciphisa imiqobo okanye iimvakalelo ezinzima .
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba iindlela ezingekho zonyango zinokukunceda nokugcina, okanye kwanokuphucula, ukusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha elincinci. Ngokomzekelo, imisebenzi yomzimba kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kuye kwabonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwizifundo ezininzi ukuze kuxhamle ingqalelo kubantu abaphila ne-Alzheimer's.
Ngaba Unokuvimbela i-Alzheimer's?
Kukho umahluko phakathi kokukhusela isifo se-Alzheimer kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yokuphuhlisa. Okwangoku, akukho ndlela eqinisekisiweyo yokukhusela ngokupheleleyo isifo se-Alzheimer. Nangona kunjalo, unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho, kwaye le ngcamango iqiniswa ngamakhulu emfundo yophando.
Ukutya okunentliziyo , ukuphila okusebenzayo kunye nokuzivocavoca umzimba , ukusebenzisana nentlalo kunye nokuzilolonga kwengqondo rhoqo zicwangciso eziye zabonakaliswa kwiphando ukuba zisebenze ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-Alzheimer's disease.
ILizwi
Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu owaziyo unokufumana i-Alzheimer's, yazi ukuba silapha kuwe, zombini ukubonelela ngolwazi olukhoyo, oluthembekileyo nolucwaningelwayo kunye nokukukhuthaza endleleni. Ukujongana ne-Alzheimer akulula, kodwa akuyona into ofuna ukuyenza yedwa. Ngokusebenza kunye nokulungelelanisa, unokunciphisa imingeni yesi sifo wena kunye nosapho lwakho.
Imithombo:
I-Alzheimer's Association. Yintoni i-Alzheimer's? > http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp.
I-Alzheimer's Association. Isiseko seSifo se-Alzheimer's. http://www.alz.org/national/documents/brochure_basicsofalz_low.pdf
Health PubMed. IThala leSizwe leMpilo laseMelika. Ziziphi izifo ze-Alzheimer's? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001767/