Kukho izimbangela ezininzi zengqondo. Ezinye izizathu ziguqulwa, ezinjengeentlungu zentloko, imithi ethile kunye neengxaki zemethambo. Ezinye izizathu aziyi kuguqulwa kwaye ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi uhlobo lokugula kwengqondo isigulane esinokuthi sincede abadlali be-hysician bajongise ngokufanelekileyo ukunakekelwa kwabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Izifo ze-Alzheimer's
I-Alzheimer iyona ebangela imbangela yokugula kwengqondo. Ingxelo malunga neyesithathu kwisifo se- dementia .
I-Alzheimer isifo esiqhubekayo esibonakaliswe ngokufakela kweeprotheni kwindawo yengqondo ngendlela yeeplates kunye neengqungquthela.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zizama ukuqonda oko kubangela i-Alzheimer's. Ubudala, imbali yentsapho , kunye neendlela zokuphila ezifana nokutshaya kubonakala zichaphazela umngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa i-Alzheimer's.
2. I-Vascular Dementia
Isifo sengqondo se-Vascular dementia yeso sibini esona sizathu esivakalayo sesifo sengqondo se-dementia. Iphumela ekungciphekeni kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo evela kumgca wokunciphisa okanye ukupheliswa kwemithambo yegazi ephucula iiseli zegazi ezibalulekileyo zeoksijini kunye nezondlo. Isifo sengqondo se-Vascular dementia sisenokubangelwa yimivimbo emincinci emininzi, i-stroke enkulu, isifo sikashukela okanye i-hypertension.
3. I-Dementia ye-Frontotemporal
I-dementia ye-Frontotemporal (i-FTD) ibonakaliswe yi- atrophy , okanye ichitheka, i-lobes yangaphambili kunye neyesimo seengqondo ngokungabikho kwe-Alzheimer's. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesifo se-Alzheimer ngokuqala kokuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwe-75 ubudala.
Iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kuneAlheimer kwaye inokuphila okufutshane. I-FTD inokudibanisa i-genetic kodwa izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ngezizathu ezichanekileyo.
I-FTD ibonisa ngokuguquguquka kokuziphatha, ngokuqhelekileyo njengentlalo engafanelekanga okanye ukuziphatha komntu. Iingxaki ngeentetho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- aphasia , enye enye ingeniso yeFTD.
4. Lewy Body Dementia
Isifo sengqondo somzimba weLewy, esibizwa ngokuba nguFriederich H. Lewy, owathi waqala ukuchaza idipozithi ekuqaleni kwee-1900, ibonakaliswe iifomethi ze- alpha-synuclein ngaphakathi kwiseli yengqondo. Nangona iimpawu ezininzi ze - Lewy Ukugula komzimba kufana ne-Alzheimer's, iimpawu ezintathu zihlukanisa nezinye iintlobo zengqondo yeqondo: i- hallucinations ecacileyo, amaqondo ahlukeneyo okanye ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
Izifo zikaPasinson
Isifo sika-Parkinson sisona siphumelelo sokuqhubeka kweentsimbi zesisongela engqondweni eyenza i-brain brain dopamine ebalulekileyo. I-Dopamine isebenza njengomthunywa weekhemikhali kwingqondo, ukulungelelanisa ukunyakaza kwe-muscle ehamba phambili. Ngaphandle kwedopamine, ingqondo ayikwazi ukuthetha, iholele ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okulawula ukunyakaza komzimba.
Kwizigaba zalo eziphambili, i-Parkinson inokukwenza ukuba kusebenze ukuqonda , okukhokelela ekubeni kunzima ukufumana izikhumbuzo, iingxaki ngokuqiqa, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki, kunye nokudandatheka. I-Dementia iyenzeka malunga nama-20% ukuya kwi-60% yezigulane zesifo se-Parkinson.
Izifo zikaHuntington
Isifo sikaHuntington sisifo esizuze njengefa esivame ukuvela kumntu wama-30s okanye ama-40. Ibonakala ngokunyanzeliswa okungalawulwayo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ngesifo sikaHuntington, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa yiyo kukuba yimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Abantwana abanomzali omnye ofunyaniswa ukuba banegeni likaHuntington banethuba elingama-50 lokuphucula eso sifo ngokwabo.
7. I-HIV / AIDS
INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO / INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO YINTSHOLONGWANE EYAQINISWA NGOKUNYE NOKUBHUMANA NOMNYANGO WOMNYANTSHOLONGWANE WOMNYANGO. I-AIDS echaphazelekayo inokudibana ne-CD4 + T-cell count nedir kunye nobude be-immunosuppression. Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwe-antiretoroviral, i- AIDS enxulumene neengxaki zengqondo zixhomekeke kwi-CD4 + ephantsi kunye nemithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane. Ngoku, nge-antiretroviral ye-anti-antiretroviral ephuculisayo eyenza ukuphucula inkqubela phambili ye- HIV kunye ne-AIDS , izigulane zihlala ixesha elide kwaye azixhomekeke kwizifo ezichaphazelekayo kwisantya ababenzileyo.
Ezi zi gulane zingaphantsi komngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwesifo sengqondo sikaGawulayo njengoko zikhula
Iimpawu ze-AIDS ezinxulumene nokugula komzimba zibandakanya iimpawu zokulibala, ukuphuza, ubunzima bokuxininisa nokuxazulula iingxaki, kunye neengcamango.
8. I-Creutzfeldt-Jakob isifo (CJD)
Ininzi eyaziwa ngokuba yisifo seMad Cow, isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) kubangelwa iibhononi. Ezi khonononi zibhubhisa ubuchule bokwenza ukusebenza. I-CJD inokuthi idibanise i-genetic kodwa amaninzi amaninzi ayaphambana naso kungekho nto eyaziwayo. Ezinye iimeko zingabangela ukuba zichazwe kwizixhobo zonyango ezingcolileyo ngexesha leenkqubo. I-dementia echaphazelekayo ye-CJD iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga eziliqela kwaye iquka iingxaki ngokuqwalasela, ukuxininisa, ukutya, umbono kunye nokulungelelanisa.
Imithombo:
Umqondo we-Vascular dementia. I-Alzheimer's Association. Novemba 21, 2007.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_vascular_dementia.asp.
UGilliland, uMnumzana uDementia J Pract. Ngobusika ka-2007; 57 (4): 5-13; Imibuzo 14-6.
Marie-Florence Shadlen, MD kunye no-Eric B Larson, MD, MPH. Dementia Syndromes . UpToDate.com
Alexander W Thompson, MD, MBA, Andrew A Pieper, MD, PhD kunye noGlenn J Treisman, MD, PhD. I-Dementia kunye ne-delirium kwizigulane ezinegciwane le-HIV . UpToDate.com.