Ukujongana noMgaqo-nkqubo wokuziphatha oMthethweni wokuBuleka kwi-Dementia
Xa kufikelele ekumenikeni kwengqondo , kukho iziganeko ezininzi zokuziphatha ezingaphuhlisa njengesiphumo sokuguqula ukuqonda. Enye yale mbuzo ingenza amalungu omndeni omdala angakhululeki ngenxa yokuba idibana nomsebenzi wesondo kunye nobudlelwane obusondelene naye, kodwa kuyisihloko esisoloko siyimfuneko ukulungisa. Umbuzo yilo: Ngaba abantu abanomdemokhrasi banokuvuma ukwenza umsebenzi wesondo?
Kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, nini bengakwazi ukwenza oko?
Umngeni wokuMisela iMvume
Ngaba umntu onomdemokhrasi unokuqonda isigqibo esenzayo kunye nemiphumo engenzeka? Ngokucacileyo, impendulo ayilula ewe okanye cha.
Injongo ekubuzeni, nokuzama ukuphendula, umbuzo wokukwazi ukuvuma unesibini:
1. Ukuthintela uxhatshazo ngokwesondo lomntu osengozini ongenakukwazi ukulwa okanye ukubika
Ngenxa yeengxaki zeememori kunye nobunzima bezonxibelelwano ezinokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, kuyimfuneko ukulinda ukuxhatshazwa komntu obandakanyekayo kwisenzo socwangciso ngokuchasene nokuthanda kwabo.
Abantu abadala, kwaye ngakumbi abo baneengxaki zengqondo, zijoliswe lula kuzo zonke iindidi , kubandakanywa ngokwesondo.
Ngokusemthethweni, umntu kufuneka abe nekhono lomqondo lokuvuma isenzo sesondo. Umbuzo wendlela yokuchonga ukuba ngaba loo mandla ukhona unzima ukuphendula.
Ngaba kukho isigaba esithile sokugula komzimba apho oku kungekho mthethweni kwaye kakubi?
2. Ukukhusela amalungelo omntu osengozini ukuba asebenze ngokubambisana, ngokwesenzo sokuziphatha ngokwesini esifanelekileyo kwaye sikhuthaze umgangatho wobomi
Ukunakekelwa kwemfuno kufike ixesha elide ekufumaneni ukuba ngenxa yokuba isifo se-Alzheimer (okanye uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sengqondo sengqondo ) lukhoyo, umnqweno wokuthandana naye awususwanga ngokuzenzekelayo.
Akukho mntu ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngokukhawuleza alahlekelwe amandla okuvuma umsebenzi wesondo xa exilongwa.
Kunoko, uphando luye lwafumanisa ezininzi iingenelo zokuthintela abantu abaneengqondo , kunye nabafundi be-dementia bagxininise ukubaluleka kokunyamekelwa kwabantwana abanomdla wokuphefumula . Amanye amakhaya angamahlengikazi kunye nokuncedisa indawo yokuhlala zibhale imigaqo-nkqubo ekuqapheliseni iimfuno ezingokwenyama, ezengqondo, ezingokomoya, kunye nezokwezesondo zabo.
Ziziphi Izinto Okufuneka Ziqwalaselwe Ngombuzo Wokuvuma?
Ukuba abantu ababini-omnye okanye bobabini abanomdemokhrasi-babonisa umdla ekuphandeleni ubudlelwane bezesondo kunye nomnye, yimiphi imibuzo ekufuneka ibuzwe yona? Nangona kungekho luhlu olubanzi oluvunyelwene yiingcali, nantsi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda kule sigqibo:
- Ukwaziswa: Ngaba umntu ngamnye uyaziqonda njalo? Ngaba bayazi igama okanye indawo yendawo yokuhlala? Ngaba umntu omnye ucinga ngokugqithisileyo ukuba iqabane lakhe lingatshatanga naye?
- Inzala: Ngaba bobabini bafunana ngokukhawuleza? Ngaba unomdla kumntu olula kunye nobudlelwane, okanye unomdla ekuthandaneni ngokwesondo?
- Ukunxibelelana ngomlomo kunye nokungathethiyo kwemvakalelo: Kuthetha ukuthini ukuthetha kwabo ngezwi nangokuthetha? Xa ubuzwa, ngaba umntu ngamnye uvakalisa umnqweno wokuchitha ixesha kunye nomnye? Xa ubona bebenxibelelana, bobabili baxhatana kwaye babonakale bevuya? Ngaba bangayiphendula imibuzo malunga nolwalamano lwabo kwaye babonise umnqweno wokusondelana ngokomzimba?
- Ikhono lokuthi "Hayi": Ingaba umntu ubonisa naziphi iimpawu zokubandezeleka, ezifana nokuhoxiswa ngokomzwelo, ukwesaba, ukulila, ukunciphisa ukutya, okanye ukuhlaziywa kwimizimba? Ngaba bobabini abantu banako ukuthi "Hayi" (ngomlomo okanye ngokungengomlomo) ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini esingathandekiyo? Ngaba umntu ngamnye angabonisa "ukuba kude kangakanani" abafuna ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisana ngesondo? Ngokomzekelo, ngumntu omnye onomxholo wokumanga nokuthintela, kwaye omnye uzama ukuqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi emininzi?
- Ukuxhatshazwa komzimba: Ngabaphi abachaphazelekayo abanokuxhatshazwa? Ngaba umntu ngamnye unokukwazi ukuxela umntu ongazifunayo? Ingaba umntu ngokubanzi uxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo kwintsapho okanye ngaba bahlala bodwa?
- Impembelelo kumgangatho wobomi: Ngaba ulwalamano lubonakala luphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu bobabini? Ngaba ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bokuzibophelelana kunye okanye ubuhlobo obutsha?
Izinto ezinzima
Ngezantsi kukho ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
Ukungakwazi Ukuthatha Inxaxheba Kwizigqibo Zonyango
Kuthekani ukuba omnye okanye bobabini abantu sele bezimisele ukungakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo zezokwelapha, ngoko kusebenze amandla egqwetha ? Ngaba oko kwenza ukuba bangakwazi ukuvuma umsebenzi wesondo?
Ingqiqo, umntu angakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iingxaki zesigqibo sezokwelapha kodwa kodwa ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo unokukwazi ukubonisa ukuba banqwenela ukuba babe nolwalamano nomnye. Ngokusemthethweni, amandla okuvuma acingwa ngaphandle kokuba aqinisekiswe ngenye indlela.
Usapho, uMgcinikeli, kunye noMbane weMpilo weGqwetha
Kuthekani ukuba amalungu omndeni, umgcini oqeshwe kwinkundla okanye amandla okunakekelwa kwezempilo kummeli ahambelana nolwalamano?
Akuqhelekanga ukuba amalungu entsapho abe nokukhathazeka okuphawulekayo nangokwenene ngokukhuseleka komzimba wabo kunye nokukwazi, ukuxhatshazwa, ukuhlazeka umzali wabo unomdla kwizondo zesondo, ukukhathazeka ngokholo ngokuziphatha komzali, kunye nomnqweno khusela isidima somthandayo.
Abanye abalobi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabaphandi baqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okupheleleyo kwelungelo lobudlelwane bokwimingcipheko kwaye ngaloo ndlela beva ukuba yintlambo yangasese ukwazisa iintsapho.
Abanye bagxininisa ukuba umntu ohlala kwisiko lokukhathalela, isixhobo sinoxanduva lokukhusela abantu abachaphazelekayo kulwalamano. Ngaloo ndlela, amaqela achaphazelekayo kufuneka aziswe ngolu hlobo ukwenzela ukugcina uxhulumaniso oluvulekileyo malunga nophuhliso lwayo, ngakumbi ukuba luhlobo olutsha. Olu nxibelelwano lunokucingwa ngathi luyimfuneko kwaye lukhuseleke kumanyathelo omthetho ukuba iqela elijongene nalo lingavumelananga.
Umthetho WesiHebhere kwiNkqubo yaseMountaindale (isibonelelo esiye saqhuba indlela yokuxoxa ngale ngxaki) isikisela ukufundisa amalungu entsapho malunga neemfuno zomhlali kunye nokukhuthaza umntu ohlala kuyo ukuba alondoloze umgangatho wobomi, mhlawumbi ngobudlelwane bezesondo, ngaphezu kokunye neendlela.
Kwiziko, umngcipheko kule meko kukuba amalungu entsapho achaphazelekayo anokufaka ifowuni okanye isikhalazo kwisebe eliseburhulumenteni abajongene nokuthotyelwa kwamakhaya asebekhulile xa bengavumelani nendlela idilesi ekusingatha ngayo ubudlelwane. Kunokuba babone ubudlelwane njengokhetho oluphucula umgangatho wobomi, banokuvakalelwa kukuba isixhobo sakwahluleka ukukhusela umhlali osengozini kwaye kufuneka ukuphelisa ukusebenzisana okanye ukuthintela ulwalamano olusenzekayo.
Okutsha kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo
Ngaba ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bokuba abantu bangena ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kokuqala kwengqondo kwaye ngoku bahlala, okanye ngaba ubuhlobo obutsha? Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusekwa kobudlelwane ngaphambi kokubakho kwengqondo kubangela ukuba isigqibo sinokulula-kungekhona kuba ukuphathwa kakubi kungenakwenzeka kumtshato (okanye ulwalamano olusisiseko) -kokuba kuba isigqibo sokuba nobuhlobo besondo senziwa ngelixa ikhono lomntu lokuqondisisa alizange lithandabuze.
Xa ulwalamano olutsha luphuhliswa emva kokuba u-dementia ukhona, umbuzo othi, "Ngaba baya kwenza oku ukuba bengenayo ingqondo yokugula?" udlalwa. Okanye, "Akayi kuba nobudlelwane obusondeleyo ngaphambi kokuba alahlekelwe yimemori yakhe." Wayeza kuba neentloni. "
Ukuba ngaba ubuhlobo obutsha, ngaba izigqibo ezidlulileyo zomntu kunye nezikhethwayo ziya kuthathwa ingqalelo? Nangona ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba ukukhethwa kwexesha lomntu kunye neenkolelo ezidlulileyo kufuneka zibe nefuthe kwizigqibo zanamhlanje, abanye bakhuthaza ukuvavanya umntu ngokucacisa ukuba zeziphi ukhetho olukhoyo, iimfuno kunye neemfuno zabo, kunye nantoni ebangela ukuba kubekho impilo yabo yangoku.
Ukuchazwa koLawulo oluLawulayo nguRhulumente okanye abaPhando be-Federal
Enye yeengxaki ekuphenduleni le nxu lumano xa zenzeka kwikhaya labahlengikazi yile ndlela abahloli-bhenkethi (abo bajongene nokuthotyelwa kokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yonyango) baya kutshintsha imeko.
Ngenxa yobume bobuchule benkqubo yophando, abaphandi ababini abahlukeneyo banokufikelela kwizigqibo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo malunga neemeko ezifanayo, ukucinga ngalunye ukuba wenza into efanelekileyo ekukhuseleni abahlali kunye nokuhlonipha amalungelo abo okukhetha.
Omnye umcebisi angagqiba ekubeni eso sixhobo sakwahluleka ukukhusela umntu ohlala kwindawo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini esekelwe kukungabikho ubungqina bokuthi umntu ohlalayo unokuvuma, oko kugqiba ukuba umhlali wayexhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Omnye umcebisi angagqiba ekubeni eso sikhungo sakwahluleka ukukhusela ilungelo lomhlali ukuba akhethe kwaye alandele umgangatho wobomi ngokugcina ubudlelwane obunentsingiselo, obusondeleyo ukuba ubuhlobo buye buqhutyelwa kodwa abuvunyelwe. Izixhobo zihlala zifakwa kwindawo yokuqaphela indlela abaphandi abanokuyichaza ngayo imeko.
Abanye bacetyisa ukuba ilungelo lokubandakanya ubudlelwane bezesondo kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphandle kokuba ubungqina bumekho bungabonakalisa ukuba abuyiyo. Abanye baqinisekisa ukuba abo bachaphazelekayo bafuna ukubonisa ukuba bavuma ngokuthe ngqo ulwalamano, ngenxa yokuba umthetho ufuna imvume.
Icala lezomthetho elibandakanya imvume yokuSebenza ngokuSondo kunye nokuDementia
Ngo-2015, isibini senza iindaba ngenxa yalo mbuzo wolu xanduva lokuvuma umsebenzi wesondo. Isibini-uHenry noDonna Rayh-bahlala e-Iowa baza batshata ngo-2007 emva kokudibana kamva ebomini. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, uDonna wavelisa isifo se-Alzheimer.
Ngokukhawuleza ngo-Meyi 2014, xa uHenry Rayhons, oneminyaka eyi-78 ubudala, etshutshiswa ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesini umfazi wakhe kwikhaya lokunyamekela apho wayehlala khona ngenxa yengqondo yakhe.
AmaRayon aphikisa ukuba akazange alale nomfazi ngalobo busuku kodwa wathi baye babanga baze baqhagamshelana. Kwakhona wabika ukuba uqalise ukusebenzisana ngesondo ngezikhathi ezithile. Indlu yabanakekeli apho kuhlala khona umfazi wakhe, ke, wayevakalelwa kukuba akavumanga ukwenza umsebenzi wesondo kwaye wabika umcimbi kumapolisa emva kokuva ukuba izenzo zesondo zenzeke phakathi kwezi zibini.
Ekugqibeleni, ityala liya enkundleni kwaye, emva kokungqinelwa kunye nokuxoxwa, ijaji yafumana amaRayon engenatyala. Nangona kunjalo, ityala lenza imibuzo eninzi malunga nokuziphatha ngokwesondo phakathi kwabantu abaphila nokugula komzimba, kubandakanya umba wendlela yokujonga amandla okuvuma kwaye ngubani omele enze eso sigqibo.
Ngaba Kufuneka kusetyenziswe izikhokelo zoBuchule?
Kwi- Alabama Law Review , uAlexander A. Boni-Saenz uxoxa ngengcamango yokuvumela abantu ukuba baqulunqe umqulu ocacisa ukukhetha kwabo kwisondo xa kwenzeka ukuba bangenakukhubazeka ngokwengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umntu unokuthi bafuna ukuqhubeka nokubandakanya umsebenzi wesondo kunye neqabane zabo xa bekhubazeka ngengqondo. Ingcamango ephambili yabo abaxhasa le ngcamango kubandakanya ukulondoloza ilungelo lokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi yentsapho ezuzisayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kobudlelwane obuzimeleyo, kunye nokuthintela ithuba lokutshutshiswa komthetho ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Abo bachasene nale ngcamango bachaza ukuba nangona umntu enokufuna ukuba unelungelo lokugcinwa ngolu hlobo xa amandla akhe engqondo ephilileyo, unokusabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa ukuqonda kwakhe kunqabile. Isifo se-Alzheimer kunye nezinye i-dementias zingatshintsha ubuntu kunye nokwandisa uxhalabo okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ngokusemthethweni, umbuzo unokudluliselwa kuwo njengokhetho kunye nokukhetha kwezinto ezikhoyo ngoku ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuqikelela oko kuya kuba luncedo kunye nokufunwa ukuze kugcinwe umgangatho wobomi kwixesha elizayo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba izifo ezibangelwa ukugula komzimba zingatshintsha ukukhetha, amandla kunye nomdla.
ILizwi
Le ngxaki igxininisa imfuno yamakhaya asebehlengikazi kunye namanye amaziko okunyamekela ukuba abhale ipolisi ephandwayo, ecacileyo kunye neendawo ezixhaswa ngumhlali phakathi kwabantu apho omnye, okanye zombini, unesifo sengqondo somzimba. Le nkqubo inokubakhokela izibonelelo kwizigqibo zabo kwaye inike ingqiqo kubaphandi ukuba baqonde ingqiqo yezigqibo njengoko zihlola ezo zimo.
Kwakhona kukukhumbula ukuba ukusingatha le ngxaki yokuziphatha kuyadinga ngaphezu kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuba neendlela ezivulelekileyo zokunxibelelana namalungu entsapho kubaluleke kakhulu ekujonganeni neemfuno eziguqukayo zokuhlala kunye nemibuzo enzima ephuhlisayo, njengemvume yokuba nobuhlobo obusondeleyo.
Ekugqibeleni, amaziko adinga ukwazi abahlali bawo-kuquka ukusebenza kwabo kwengqondo kunye nantoni na imisebenzi ephucula ngakumbi umgangatho wobomi-ukuze xa ezi ziimeko ziphakame, isigqibo ngasinye sijoliswe ngenyameko kumntu kwaye ngokucacileyo sisekelwe kwimpumelelo yakhe.
Eli nqaku akufanele lichazwe ngokungathi libandakanya iingcebiso zomthetho. Jonga igqwetha elijongene nalo mmandla malunga neengcebiso zomthetho.
> Imithombo:
> Iforamu yeBoethiethi. Ubundlobongela, iMvume kunye neDementia. Ngo-Apreli 15, 2015. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=7378&blogid=140
> Ikhaya leHebhere e-Riverdale. Ngo-Apreli 2013. Iipolisi kunye neenkqubo ezibhekiselele kwintetho yesini kwindlu yaseHebhere e-Riverdale.
> Hegde S, uEllajosyula R. Imiba yokuxhobisa kunye nokuthatha izigqibo kwisifo sengqondo somqondo. Ama-Annal of Indian Academy of Neurology . 2016; 19 (iSiza 1): S34-S39. i-doi: 10.4103 / 0972-2327.192890.
> I-New York Times. Ngo-Apreli 22, 2015. Umntu wase-Iowa akafumananga netyala lokusebenzisa kakubi umfazi wakhe nge-Alzheimer's. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/23/health/iowa-man-found-not-guilty-of-sex-abusing-ife-with-alzheimers.html?_r=0
> Umbutho weMpilo yoLondolozo lwangemva kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elide. Ngo-Matshi 19, 2016. Amandla eMvume yokuSondo ngo-Sexual Dementia kwiNkathalo yexesha elide. https://paltc.org/amda-white-papers-and-resolution-position-statements/capacity-sexual-consent-dementia-long-term-care
> I-International Longevity Center. Ngo-2011. I-Taboo Yokugqibela: Isikhokelo sokuphefumula komzimba, ukuziphatha ngokwesini, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kumakhaya okunyamekela. http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/publications/publication_details/the_last_taboo_a_guide_to_dementia_sexuality_intimacy_and_sexual_behavior
> Isiko sase-Weinberg kunye neKhaya laseHebhere e-Riverdale. 2011. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi okanye ukungathandabuzeki. Abadala abadala ngezocansi.http: //www.riverspringhealth.org/uploads/ckeditor/files/sexualconsentguidelines.pdf