Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esinobuchopho besifo. Ukuqonda indlela i-Alzheimer yokuphila ngayo eyahluke ngayo kwingqondo eqhelekileyo isinika ingqiqo. Inokusinceda sibhekane nokubhetele ngakumbi kwiinguqu ezenzeka kubathandekayo bethu ngenxa yesi sifo esilimazayo.
Kwi- Alzheimer's disease , ukubonakala kwengqondo echaphazelekayo ye-Alzheimer ihluke kakhulu kwingqondo eqhelekileyo.
I-corrox corrox corrox. Oko kuthetha ukuba le ndawo yengqondo iyancipha kwaye le shrinkage ihluke kakhulu kwi-cortex ye-cerebral yengqondo eqhelekileyo. I-cortex ye-cerebral yindawo engaphandle yengqondo. Inoxanduva lokusebenza konke kwengqondo. Kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo olunokuthi lubonakaliswe kwingqondo kwi-autopsy:
- Umlinganiselo wengqondo yengqondo kwiintlobo zeengqondo (i-gyri) iyancipha
- Izikhala ezikwinqanaba lobuchopho (i-sulci) zikhulu kakhulu.
I-Microscopically kukho iinguqu ezininzi kwiingqondo.
Iziphumo ezibini eziphambili kwi-Alzheimer's brain are plaques kunye ne-neurofibrillary tangles. Iipliti ezinama-Amyloid zifunyenwe ngaphandle kwe-neurons, i-neurofibrillary plaques ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwe-neurons. I-Neurons yileli yentsholongwane ngaphakathi kweengqondo.
Iiplanga kunye neengqungquthela zifumaneka kwiibongo zabantu abangenawo i-Alzheimer's. Ziyonke ixabiso elibalulekileyo kwi-Alzheimer's disease.
Inxaxheba yamaPlaque a-Amyloid
Iipliti ezinama-Amyloid zenziwe ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-B-amyloid protein eyinxalenye yeprotheni enkulu kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-APP (iprotheni ye-propylene ye-amyloid). Ezi zi-amino acid.
Asazi ukuba yi-APP. Kodwa siyazi ukuba i-APP yenziwe kwiseli, ithunyelwa kwi-membrane yeseli kwaye yagqitywa kamva.
Izindlela ezibini ezibalulekileyo zibandakanyeka ekuhlahleni kwe-APP (iprotheni ye-propylene ye-amyloid). Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kwaye ayibangela ukuba kubekho ingxaki. Isibini sibangela ukuba utshintsho lubonwe kwi-Alzheimer kunye nakwezinye izifo zengqondo.
Ukuphulwa kweNdlela eLawulayo kwi-Alzheimer's Damage
Kwindlela yesibini yokuphulwa kwe-APP iyahlukana ngama-enzyme B-secretase (B = beta) kwaye y-secretase (y = gamma). Ezinye zeengqungquthela (ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-peptide) eziza kubambelela kunye kwaye zenze ikhonkco elifutshane elibizwa ngokuba yi-oligomer. I-Oligomers yaziwa nangokuthi yi-ADDL, iigyt i-amyloid-beta efunyenwe iiligs. I-oligomers ye-betyloid beta 42 iboniswe ukuba ibangele iingxaki ekunxibelelaneni phakathi kwe-neurons. I-beta i-Amyloid beta 42 nayo ivelisa imicu emincinane, okanye i-fibrils. Xa bebambe ndawonye babumba ipaki ye-amyloid. Ezinye zala macwecwe zingazifaka kwi-membrane yeseloni ye-neuron ebangela izinto ngaphandle kweseli ukuba ifike kuyo, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Lo monakalo ukhokelela kwi-buildup ye-betlop beta e-betydiid 42 i-peptides ekhokelela ekusebenziseni i-neuron kunye nokufa.
Indima yeengqungquthela ze-Neurofibrillary
Isibini esibalulekileyo ekufunyaneni nengqondo ye-Alzheimer i-neurofibrillary tangles. Iingqungquthela ze-neurofibrillary zenziwe ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yiprotheni ye-tau.
Iiprotheni zeTau zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo se-neuron. Kubantu abanamaprotheni e-Alzheimer's tau kubangela ukungabikho komzimba ngokusebenzisa i-enzymes engapheliyo eyenza ukubunjwa kweengcingo ze-neurofibrillary. Iintambo ze-Neurofibrillary ziphumela ekufeni kweeseli.
I-Alzheimer's Brain Summary
Inxaxheba yamacwecwe e-amyloid kunye neengqungquthela ze-neurofibrillary ekusebenziseni kwengqondo ayikwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer lubonisa ubungqina bobabini kunye neengqungquthela, kodwa inani elincinci labantu abane-Alzheimer kuphela baneeplantshi kunye nabanye banamathanga angama-neurofibrillary kuphela.
Abantu abane-plaque kuphela i-Alzheimer ibonisa izinga elincinci lokuphazamiseka ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.
Abantu abaneengqungquthela ze-neurofibrillary banokuthi bafumaneke ukuba bane- dementia ye-frontotemporal .
Uphando kwi-Alzheimer's disease lufumanisa ngakumbi nangakumbi nge-anatomy kunye ne-physiology yengqondo. Njengoko siqonda ngakumbi ngendima yamacwecwe kunye neengqungquthela ezibonwe kwingqondo ye-Alzheimer, sisondele ngakumbi ekuphumeleleni okukhulu kunye nokunyanga kwesifo se-Alzheimer.