Iimpawu ze-Pneumonia e-Children zilahlekile
I-pneumonia kubantwana ingaba nzima ukubona njengoko iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zihlala zihluka kwalabantu abadala. Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neempawu omele uzijonge, zeziphi izibangela eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa yinyumoniya kubantwana, kwaye uphathwa njani?
I-Pneumonia e-Children
I-pneumonia yintsholongwane okanye ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga apho abantwana bahleleleke khona.
Ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokubanda okanye umkhuhlane, imiphunga yempumoniya ingathintela enye okanye zombini imiphunga. Xa une-pneumonia, i-airve ( alveoli ) emipomfini yakho izalise i-pus okanye enye i-liquid kunye ne-oksijini inenkathazo yokufikelela kwigazi lakho.
E-United States, i-pneumonia kubantwana ayesabi njengoko yayingaphambi kokufika kwamayeza omzimba kunye nokugonywa. Sekunjalo ihlabathi lonke lihlala liyingxaki ebalulekileyo. Ehlabathini lonke, i-pneumonia yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, kaninzi ngenxa yokungabikho kwemithi elwa neyeza kunye nezibonelelo zonyango.
Iimbangela ze-Pneumonia kubantwana
Kubantu abadala, uluntu oluthola i-pneumonia luvame ukubangelwa yiibhaktheriya, ngakumbi iStraptococcus pneumoniae . Abantwana nabo banomdla wokubangelwa yi-bacterium pneumonia, kodwa i-pneumonia kubantwana ibangelwa yizilwelwe zintsholongwane, okanye "izifo ezinamandla" ezinokukhuselwa yi-bacteria ezifana ne-Mycoplasma.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze- pneumonia yentsholongwane kubantwana ziquka:
- Intsholongwane ye-syncytial virus (RSV) - I- RSV isoloko umzali wengubo yomntwana omncinci kunye nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, kwaye yimbangela ebalulekileyo ye-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci. Ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kukaNovemba no-Apreli, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ilandela iintsuku ezimbalwa zempawu zokuphefumula ezinjengeengcambu ze-runny. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini basengozini.
- Iparainfluenza virus
- Adenovirus
- Coronovirus
- Influenza
- I-metapneumovirus yabantu (hMPV)
I-bacterium pneumonia ivela kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kodwa ihlala ihambelana neebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto ibonakalayo ibhaktheriya ebangela abantwana kubandakanya:
- I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (ukuhamba kwepneumonia) - I-Mycoplasma enxulumene ne-pneumonia idlalwa ngokuba ihamba nge-pneumonia kuba isoloko ingaphantsi kunezinye iindlela ze-bacterial pneumonia (ngamanye amazwi, abantu bahambahamba kuba bengagula.) Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Ukuhamba nge-pneumonia kudla ixesha elide kwiiveki.
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i-pneumococcal pneumonia) - I-pneumonia yipneumonia yimbangela ebangela phambili yempumoniya kubantu abadala kwaye ingaba kubantwana. Ngombulelo, ugonyo lunciphise iziganeko zalolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia kubantwana kwiminyaka yamuva.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) - I-pneumonia ngenxa ye-H imkhuhlane iphinde ibe yinto ephantsi kwiminyaka yamuva ngenxa yokugonywa.
Kukho ezinye ezininzi izimbangela ze-pneumonia, kwaye ezi zibaluleke ngakumbi kubantwana abangenakuxilongwa ngenxa yokufumana iingxaki ngamasosha abo omzimba, i-chemotherapy, okanye usulelo lwe-HIV.
Kwiintlobo ze-pneumonia ezibhalwe apha ngasentla, i-pneumonia yentsholongwane ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci, kanti ukuhamba kwe-pneumonia kudlalwa kubantwana beminyaka esikolweni.
Yiyiphi enye into eyayingayi kuba nayo?
Iimpawu ze-pneumonia ziwela ngaphaya kweemeko ezininzi zabantwana. Ubushushu obushushu bungabangela iimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, kwaye i-pneumonia idlalwa emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane eyenza ukuhlukana kunzima. I-pneumonia ingaba nzima ukwahlula kwi-bronchitis kubantwana kunye, kunye nokugqithisa okukhulu kwiimpawu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana bavame ukubonakala bengagula kakhulu nge-bronchitis kunokuba bane-pneumonia. Ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela (pertussis) ngamanye amaxesha kunokulinganisa iimpawu ze-pneumonia.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangokugonywa, abantwana banokuhlakulela intsholongwane.
I-asthma ingakhokelela ekuqhumeni kunye nokukhwehlela okufana ne-pneumonia kwaye kunokuba kunzima ukuhlula ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa. Ukongezelela, kubonakala ngathi ulwalamano phakathi kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia ne-asthma . Ezinye iimeko ezifana ne-aclu reflux zingakhokelela ekukhwehleleni, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ayinayo imfiva ehambelana nayo.
Ziqhele kangakanani ukuba i-Pneumonia kwi-Children?
I-pneumonia ifunyanwe kwiipesenti ezine zee-United States ngamnye ngonyaka, kunye namazinga aphezulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12. Abantwana abafumana indumoniya ngaphezu kweyodwa kunyaka omnye banokuba neengxaki ngamajoni abo omzimba kwaye kufuneka bahlolisiswe ngenyameko.
I-Pneumonia Iimpawu kwiBantwana
Kubantu abadala, i-pneumonia ihlala ikhunjulwa xa umntu edala umkhuhlane kunye nokukhwehlela. Nangona kunjalo, kubantwana, iimpawu zingabonakali kwaye zihlukeneyo. Iimpawu zokuthobela abantwana zingabandakanya:
- I-Fever - Ngamanye amaxesha umqondiso kuphela wokuba umntwana unokuba ne-pneumonia kukukho komkhuhlane .
- Izinga lokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza (i-tachypnea) - Ukunyuka kwezinga lokuphefumula, owaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuthi "i-tachypnea" lingabonakalisa uphawu lwe-pneumonia kubantwana. Inqanaba lokuphefumula ngethuba libizwa ngokuba "uphawu olubalulekileyo" kwaye nangona lungaba nolwazi olubalulekileyo ludlalwa. I-Tachypnea ichazwa yi-World Health Organisation njengezinga lokuphefumula elingaphezu kwama-50 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu kwiintsana ezimbini ukuya kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini, ukuphefumula okungaphezu kwe-40 ngomzuzu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-5, kunye nokuphefumula okungaphezu kwe-30 ngomzuzu kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.
- Ukutshitshiswa kwemisipha kunye nokubuyisela (ukuqiniswa kwentamo yentamo) - Ezi zimpawu zingabonakalisa uphawu lokuphefumla.
- Ukutshulwa - Ukuvuthwa kuqhelekile, ngakumbi nge-pneumonia yentsholongwane.
- I-Cyanosis, okanye ibonakala ebluhlaza kumlomo womntwana, impumlo kunye neminwe.
- Ukuvuthwa (ngokuqhelekileyo kwenza ukuphefumula.)
- Ingqungquthela - Ingqungquthela inokuba yome, okanye ivelise i-phlegm enokucaca, emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okanye egazini.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unaloo mpawu ayithethi ukuba une-pneumonia. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana banokubonakala begula kakhulu ngeentsholongwane ezilula zentsholongwane, ingakumbi ukuba banomkhuhlane ophezulu.
I-Pneumonia ifunyaniswe njani kwi-Children?
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni i-pneumonia kubantwana kukuba ne-index ephezulu yokusola. Nangona umntwana wakho engagqithisi, iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ongekho umthombo ocacileyo, utshintsho kwimikhuba yokutya, ukugqithisa kweempawu ezilandela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula, okanye ukuphendula kwamathambo ukuba into ethile ayilungile, kufuneka ikukhuthaze ukuba ubone oogqirha bakho. I-intuition yomzali ayibonakaliswa njengoluphawu lwe-pneumonia, kodwa ingaba enye yezona zibonakaliso ezilungileyo ukuba into engalunganga. Yithemba i sidima sakho.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unempawu ezi ngasentla, okanye ukuba akabonakali nje, udokotela wakho uya kubuza malunga nembali yakhe. Ngaba kukho nawuphi na osendlini ogula? Ngaba unayo izifo ezithandwayo? Udla njani kwaye ulele?
Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olusisigxina ngokuqwalasela ukushisa kwakhe, ukujonga indlebe, intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Kwakhona, ukujonga izinga lokuphefumula kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka libe yinxalenye yoluphi na uviwo apho kukho umkhuhlane. I-oximetry ye-Pulse isoloko iyenziwa ukujonga izinga lokuzalisa i-oksijini yengane, kwaye udokotela wakho wezilwanyana uya kujonga ukubona ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiqondiso yobunzima bokuphefumula, njengokuqinisa imisipha entanyeni yakhe (imisipha yokufikelela) okanye i-nasal flaring.
Iimvavanyo zegazi zingenziwa ukukhangela ubungqina bentsholongwane ye-viral okanye ibhaktheriya, kwaye iimvavanyo zokucinga ezifana nesifo se-x-ray sinokucetyiswa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ukukhulelwa kwe-pneumonia kubantwana akubonakali ngokucacileyo kwi-x-ray esifubeni, kwaye utshintsho alisoloko lubonwa ngentsholongwane.
Ukunyanga kwe-Pneumonia yabantwana
Unyango olunconywe kumntwana wakho ukuba unesifo se-pneumonia luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukugula kwakhe kunye nesibongo sokuba imbangela yomoya (i-virus okanye ibhaktheriya.)
Uninzi lwabantwana abane-pneumonia bangaphathwa ekhaya, nangona abanye abantwana banokufuna ukuba bangeniswe esibhedlele ngenxa yamanzi amanzi (ukuba aphelelwe amanzi), ngenxa ye-antibiotics okanye i-oksijeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uncedo lwentliziyo (umphefumli) luya kufuneka kumntwana odinwa kakhulu xa ezama ukuphefumula.
I-antibiotics yonyango oluqhelekileyo xa umntwana ekhankanywa ukuba ne-bacterium pneumonia. Ukuba umntwana uhamba nge-pneumonia (i- Mycoplasma pneumonia ) i-antibiotics esetyenziswa ngokusasazekayo kwindlebe (njenge-Amoxicillin) ayisebenzi. Kunoko, i-antibiotics efana ne-erythromycin, i-Zithromax, i-Biaxin, okanye i-tetracyclines (kubantwana abadala) iyafuneka.
Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ngokukhuseleka komkhuhlane. Ngelixa unyango lunokuba luleke ukuze umntwana wakho aphumule, ukukhwehlela yindlela yomzimba yokususa i-debris emiphakeni kwaye oogqirha abaninzi banqikaza ukubalula.
Iingxaki (ezingaqhelekanga) ze-Pneumonia kubantwana
Umngcipheko weengxaki ezinxulumene ne-pneumonia yengane ayiqhelekanga kwaye iya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi.
Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bahlakulela ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigxina okanye i-pneumonia. I-pleura yile membrane ejikelezile kwaye ikhupha imiphunga ngomoya ngamnye. Ukuba i-pneumonia eyenzeka kufuphi nemimandla engaphandle yomphunga kule ndawo ingaba yatshisa kwaye igcwaliswe ngamanzi okanye i-pus. Xa oku kwenzekayo, umbane okanye i-pus ingadinga ukucinywa. Oku kuyavakala ukwesabisa, kodwa kuyinkqubo elula kubantwana apho inaliti enhle ifakwe kwisigxina sokuxhoma ukukhupha umkhuhlane. Ukuba i-empyema enkulu ikhona, ityhubhu yesifuba ingadinga ukufakwa ngexesha usulelo luyacoca.
Ukuba umphunga wengane yakho unzima kakhulu, umsebenzi wokuphefumula unokuba lunzima. Ukuba oku kwenzekayo-kwaye oku akuqhelekanga-umntwana unokufuna ukuba abekwe kwindawo yokuphefumula ixesha elide. Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza aqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuba oko kuyadingeka ukuze umntwana wakho angabhoyiki.
I-Pneumonia Prevention - Kubaluleka kweeViksi kunye nokunye
I-pneumonia ebantwaneni incinci kangangoko kunokuba nje emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo, ukunciphisa esinokubangela ukugonywa okubanzi. Izitofu zokugonywa kwabantwana ezinokukunceda ukukhusela i-pneumonia zibandakanya ukugonya kwe-pneumococcal Prevnar 13, i-Hib, i-Varivax, i-MMR, kunye nokugonya umkhuhlane.
Ukongeza kwi-immunizations, ingozi yempumoniya inganciphisa ngokusalisa, ngokugaya izandla ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokunciphisa ukudibanisa nabanye abagulayo.
Ngaphantsi kwe-Pneumonia kubantwana
I-pneumonia kubantwana iqhelekile, kodwa ihlala ikhona eneempawu ezahlukileyo kunezo ozilindelayo ngomntu omdala. Iimbangela ezinokubangela i-pneumonia kubantwana zihlala zihluke nakwabantu abadala. I-pneumonia ebantwini inokuba yinkwantyisa kakhulu njengoko abantwana begula ngokukhawuleza. Ngombulelo, ngokungafani nabantu abadala baya kuphulukana kwaye baphilise ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo
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- > Jain, S. Epidemiology ye-Viral Pneumonia. Uncedo lweNtsholongwane . 2017. 38 (1): 1-9.
- > Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, kunye noWaldo E. Nelson. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.