Indlela abaSebenza ngayo kwaye Yintoni enokubathinta
Usenokuba uvile ukuba i-alveoli idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphefumlweni, okanye ukuba unesifo sezempilo esichaphazele ezi zakhiwo emzimbeni wakho. Yintoni kanye i-alveolus, kwaye yintoni na i-anatomy kunye nomsebenzi? Makhe sijonge iimpendulo kule mibuzo kunye nenxaxheba eyenziwa yi-alveoli kwizifo.
Alveoli: Inkcazo kunye neMisebenzi
I-Alveoli yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuphefumula, umsebenzi wayo ukutshintshisa i-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide molecules ukuya nakwigazi.
Ezi zikhuni ezinomoya ezinobumba-bhaluni zihlala ekupheleni komthi wokuphefumula kwaye zihlelwe ngamaqela kumaphepha.
Kukho izigidi ze-alveoli emzimbeni womntu onendawo engama-70 square metres. Ukuba babesicatshulwa kwaye batyula ukususela ekupheleni-kuya ekupheleni, banokuwufihla inkundla yentanethi yonke.
I-Anatomy: Imephu yokuhamba koMoya ukuya kwi-Alveoli
I-Alveoli yiyo yokuphela kwenkqubo yokuphefumula eqalayo xa siphucula umoya emlonyeni okanye ekhaleni. Umoya ocebileyo we-oksijeni uhamba phantsi kwe- trachea uze ungene kwenye yamapapu amabini nge-right or left bronchus . Ukusuka apho, umoya uhambelana namavesi amancinci kunye amancinci, abizwa ngokuthi i- bronchioles , edlulileyo i-alveolar duct, de kube ekugqibeleni ungena kwi-alveolus nganye.
I-alveolus ngayinye ihlanganiswe ngumgca omanzi owaziwa ngokuba yi-surfactant egcina ukuxhatshazwa kwendawo kunye nokuma kwe-sac bag. I-alveolus yona ngokwayo ijikelezwe yinkonzo yamathambo e- capillaries ezithutha oksijini ukuya kwigazi kunye ne-carbon dioxide kude negazi.
Kule ngqungquthela ukuba iamolekyuli ze-oksijeni zisasaza ngeeselinye enye kwi-alveolus kwaye enye iseli kwi-capillary ukungena kwigazi. Ngelo xesha, i-molecule ye-carbon dioxide, i-product of breathing cell, iyabuyiselwa kwi-alveolus apho ixoshwa khona emzimbeni ngeempumlo okanye emlonyeni.
Ngethuba lokuvuthwa, i-capillaries yanda njengoko uxinzelelo olubi kwisifuba lwenziwa ngokuqhekeka kwesithintelo. Ngethuba lokuphefumula, i-alveoli ibuyele (intwasahlobo yangemva) njengoko i-diaphragm ihlaziya.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-Alveoli
I-Alveoli zizinto ezinobumba ezinobumba ezincinane kunye neyona ndlela encinci kwindlela yokuphefumula. I-alveoli iyinxalenye eyodwa yelitye, evumela ukuhamba lula kwe-oxygen kunye ne-carbon dioxide phakathi kwe-alveoli kunye ne-capillary. Enye i-cubic millimeter iqukethe i-alveoli eyi-170 kwaye indawo ye-alveoli iphakathi kwemitha engamaritha ayi-70. Inombolo ye-alveoli ihluke phakathi kwabantu kunye nemiphophu emikhulu ibe ne-alveoli.
Iimeko Zonyango Ezibandakanya i-Alveoli
Kukho iziganeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela ngqo i-alveoli (esibhekisela kuzo njengezifo ze-pulveolar lung). Ezi zifo zingenza ukuba i-alveoli ibe nefuthe kwaye ibangelwe okanye ibangele ukuba bazalise ngamanzi, i-pus, okanye igazi.
Phakathi kweemeko ezibandakanya i-alveoli:
- I-Emphysema yimeko apho ukuvuvukala emiphakeni kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-alveoli. Ukongezelela ekulahlekeni kwe-alveoli, iindonga zamaselula zengxowa zomoya ziqala ukukhuniza kwaye zilahlekelwe ukunyaniseka kwazo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukukhupha umoya kumaphaphu (imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngumtshini womoya). Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni ukutshatyalaliswa kunokuba utyumle ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima kakhulu kubantu abane-emphysema. Oku kukwazi ukugxotha umoya, kubangela ukuqhutyelwa phambili kwe-alveoli, kwaye kufana nefana neengubo zangaphantsi ezilahlekelwa yinkqubo xa ilula kakhulu, i-aveoli ilahlekelwa ngolu hlobo.
- I-pneumonia yintsholongwane ephazamisa i-alveoli enye okanye zombini imiphunga kwaye ingabangela ukuba izitya zomoya zizaliswe ngepus.
- Isifo sesifo sofuba sisifo esichaphazelayo sesibhakteria esibonakaliswa kukukhula kwee-nodules kwiimfucu zemiphunga. Esi sifo sithintela kakhulu i-alveoli njengoko iibhaktheriya zinyakanyiswa, iifom iifom e-avleoli njenge-pneumonia ngaphezulu.
- I-Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (i-BAC) yindlela yomhlaza wamaphaphu okwangoku uqwalaselwa njengengxenyana ye-lung adenocarcinoma. Ezi khansela ziqala kwi-alveoli, kwaye zidla ngokufumaneka ngokubanzi kumnye okanye zombini imiphunga.
- I-ARDS iyimeko yomngcipheko wobomi obunobungozi obangela ukuba i-oksijeni ingafiki emiphakeni njengoko iziqhumane ziqala ukuqokelela kwi-alveoli. I-ARDS ixhaphake kakhulu kwizigulane ezigulayo.
- Isifo sokuphefumula kwesifo sokuphefumula (RDS) sibonakala kwiintsana ezingasengaphambili iintshukumo zazo ezingakhange zivelise abenzi bokusebenza abaneleyo ukuba balandele i-alveoli. Ngaphandle komntu osebenzayo ukuba abambe i-alveoli evulekileyo, indawo yomhlaba imipompo iyancipha, yenza ukuphefumula kunzima kakhulu.
- I-edema yepulmonari yimeko ebangelwa ukwanda kwamanzi kwimiphunga eqokelela kwi-alveoli kwaye ingakhokelela ekuphelelweni kokuphefumula.
Impembelelo yeCigarettes kwi-Alveoli
Njengomnye umngcipheko wesifo somphunga, umsi wocuba uyaziwa ukuba uthinte iphepheni yokuphefumula kuwo onke amanqanaba. Oku kubandakanya i-alveoli.
I-Alveoli yenziwe i-collagen kunye ne-elastin ehambisa i-sacs emoyeni yabo. Ngendlela efanayo ukuba i-cigarettes iwonakalise i-collagen kunye ne-elastin kwesikhumba sakho (okukhokelela ekugubeni ngokukhawuleza nasekugugeni), banokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwezi zinto kwi-alveoli yakho, ngokunjalo. Ngenxa yoko, i-alveoli ye-elastic ehliswayo iyancipha njengoko iindonga zeseli ziqala ukukhupha kwaye zikhuni ngenxa yomonakalo ophezulu.
Umsi wesigaretha uchaphazela nendlela umsebenzi we-alveoli, obangela umonakalo ukuya kwinqanaba le-molecular. Iphazamisa amandla omzimba wethu wokuzilungisa ngokwaso njengoko kunokulandela isifo okanye isifo. Ngaloo ndlela, umonakalo we-alveolar uvumelekile ukuba uqhube phambili ungaphazamiseki njengoko iimiphunga zihlala zibonakaliswe kwiifutha ezinobuthi.
Ngezantsi kwi-Alveoli
I-alveoli inikezela enye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu imizimba yethu eyenziwa. Ziyindlela engena ngayo i-oksijeni egazini lethu kunye nendlela ephambili apho ezinye iimveliso ezinkunkuma ze-metabolism (carbon dioxide) ziphuma emzimbeni.
Izifo ezichaphazela i-alveoli zingabangela ukuba i-oksijini enciphise ihanjiswe kwiiscuphe zomzimba wethu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ingabangela umonakalo (ngenxa ye- hypoxia ) ngenxa yeliphi iqumrhu elikhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Hsia, C., Hyde, D., no-E. Weibel. Ukwakhiwa kweLung ne-Intrinsic Challenges ye-Gas Exchange. Physiology epheleleyo . 2016. 6 (2): 827-895.
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.